Across
- 2. power- A tern with many meanings that some interpreted as self- defense and even violence were acceptable.
- 4. riot- In Watts, a neighborhood of Los Angeles. Accusations of police brutality erupted into riots that lasted over 6 days and required over 14,000 members of the nation guard and 1,500 law officers to stop them. rioters burned and looted everywhere causing 45 million dollars in property damage and killed 34 people and injured 900 more.
- 6. Bus Boycott A boycott in which pastor Martin Luther King, Jr. to lead. He delivered a speech saying there is a time in which people must protest, but he urged the protest to be peaceful.
- 7. Parks Refused to give her seat up to a white man. Decided to fight segregation in court which sparked a new era in the civil rights movement.
- 10. ins- A form of protest where people would go to segregated restaurants and sit in them until they were served. Were used to try and desegregate restaurants, many African Americans were attacked and injured.
- 12. facto segregation segregation by custom and tradition.
- 14. Connor- A public safety commissioner who arranged for an attack on the freedom riders.
- 15. Crow Laws- laws that segregated African Americans.
- 18. Riders- a group of African American and White volunteers that boarded buses to the south to draw attention to the souths refusal to integrate bus terminals.
- 19. but equal allowed segregation if equal facilities were provided.
- 21. Rights Act of 1964- Kennedy tried to pass a civil rights bill. But governor Wallace stated “I draw a line in the dust… and I say, segregation now! Segregation tomorrow! Segregation forever!. He then stood in front of the University of Alabama’s admission office to block two African Americans from enrolling until federal marshals ordered him to move. The next day white supremacists murdered a civil rights activist, Medgar Evers. Kenned used this as an opportunity to announce the bill calling it a “moral issue”
- 22. Marshall- An African American attorney who focused on getting rid of segregation in public schools.
- 24. Meredith- tried to register for the university of Mississippi at their admission office, He was blocked by Rose Barnett the governor of Mississippi. James Meredith had a court order directing the university to let him in when they refused President John F. Kennedy sent 500 US marshals to escort Meredith.
Down
- 1. prejudice or discrimination toward someone because of their race
- 3. brown- An African American girl who was denied admission into her neighborhood school in Topeka and sued the Topeka school board.
- 5. Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)- Set out to eliminate segregation from American society and encouraged African Americans to vote.
- 8. Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)- Believed students had the tight to direct their own affairs and even make their own mistakes. Played a key role in desegregating public facilities in many southern communities.
- 9. Rock- Little rock school board won a court order requiring nine African American students into Central High, a school with 2000 white students.
- 11. v. Ferguson declared segregation constitutional. Established the “separate but equal” doctrine, allowed segregation if equal facilities were provided.
- 13. Luther King, Jr.- A pastor who was elected to lead the Montgomery Bus Boycott and was supposed to negotiate with city leaders.
- 14. v. Topeka Board of Education- declared segregation in schools unconstitutional and violated the equal protection clause in the fourteenth amendment.
- 16. on Washington- On August 28, 1963, more than 200,000 demonstrators of all races flocked to Washington to help push the civil rights bill through congress. The audience listened to speeches and sang.
- 17. panthers- Believed revolution was necessary for change and urged African Americans to arm themselves and prepare to force whites to grant them equal rights.
- 20. manifesto- Denounced the supreme courts ruling on segregation in school and encouraged white southerners to defy the supreme court.
- 23. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, urged parks to challenge bus segregation in court. Fought for rights for African Americans.