Vocabulary

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Across
  1. 4. each of a number of flattened sacs inside a chloroplast, bounded by pigmented membranes on which the light reactions of photosynthesis take place, and arranged in stacks or grana.
  2. 6. an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner layer being folded inward to form layers (cristae).
  3. 9. the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat.
  4. 11. a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert chemical energy from oxygen molecules or nutrients into adenosine triphosphate, and then release waste products.
  5. 13. relating to or denoting exercise that improves or is intended to improve the efficiency of the body's cardiovascular system in absorbing and transporting oxygen.
  6. 14. a green pigment, present in all green plants and in cyanobacteria, responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis. Its molecule contains a magnesium atom held in a porphyrin ring.
Down
  1. 1. a series of biochemical reactions in photosynthesis not requiring light to proceed, and ultimately produce organic molecules from carbon dioxide
  2. 2. is a required cofactor for CYP-mediated biotransformation, and oxygen serves as a substrate.
  3. 3. the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.
  4. 5. the series of biochemical reactions in photosynthesis requiring light energy that is captured by light-absorbing pigments (such as chlorophyll) to be converted into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH).
  5. 7. a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place.
  6. 8. the sequence of reactions by which most living cells generate energy during the process of aerobic respiration. It takes place in the mitochondria, consuming oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water as waste products, and converting ADP to energy-rich ATP.
  7. 10. colorless fluid surrounding the grana within the chloroplast.
  8. 12. the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.