Across
- 3. natural accumulations of minerals
- 4. forest that has regenerated through largely natural processes after human-caused disturbances
- 7. Removing a mineral deposit from the Earth after first removing the layer of earth above it
- 12. rock or soil overlying a mineral deposit
- 15. metal elements are present in their raw form
- 16. harvesting trees in a way that moves a forest stand towards an uneven-aged or all-aged condition
- 18. cut down and remove every tree
- 19. the residue of something, especially ore
- 20. surface mining at the summit or summit ridge of a mountain
Down
- 1. underground mining where shafts are pushed vertically
- 2. clearing a wide area of trees
- 5. obtaining coal
- 6. making decisions to best achieve ownership objectives while maintaining an uneven- aged structure
- 7. regenerating new forest stands by harvesting all mature trees in an area
- 8. growing and cultivation of trees
- 9. practice of planting, managing, and caring for forests
- 10. naturally occurring solid material
- 11. tree farms
- 13. valueless material in which ore is found
- 14. establishing native or non-native plants, often with the main aim of reducing erosion
- 17. forests that have developed over a long period of time, essentially free from catastrophic disturbances