Across
- 2. a fault along a plate boundary where the motion is predominantly horizontal
- 6. flowing fluid that is moving because there is a temperature or density difference within the material
- 9. one of the two main types of elastic body waves
- 10. the innermost geologic layer of the planet Earth
- 12. one of the two main types of elastic body waves
- 13. a long, narrow ditch
- 18. is soil composed mostly of sand, silt, and a smaller amount of clay
- 21. the solid, outer part of the Earth
- 22. a sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action
- 23. an elastic wave in the earth produced by an earthquake or other means
- 24. the upper layer of the earth's mantle, below the lithosphere, in which there is relatively low resistance to plastic flow and convection is thought to occur
- 26. the gradual movement of the continents across the earth's surface through geological time
- 31. a linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other
- 32. a stiff, sticky fine-grained earth, typically yellow, red, or bluish-gray in color and often forming an impermeable layer in the soil
- 33. the formation of new areas of oceanic crust, which occurs through the upwelling of magma at mid-ocean ridges and its subsequent outward movement on either side
- 34. break off or cause to break off, owing to a structural strain
Down
- 1. a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras
- 3. a fluid layer about 2,400 km thick and composed of mostly iron and nickel that lies above Earth's solid inner core
- 4. an area on Earth where two or more lithospheric plates collide
- 5. a long high sea wave caused by an earthquake, submarine landslide, or other disturbance
- 7. a mechanical wave that propagates along with the interface between differing media
- 8. he pulling force transmitted axially by the means of a string, a cable, chain
- 11. a scientific theory describing the large-scale motion of seven large plates and the movements of a larger number of smaller plates
- 14. the action of compressing or being compressed
- 15. form into a hard outer layer
- 16. a fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock
- 17. a mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are being or have been erupted from the earth's crust
- 19. the upper layer of earth in which plants grow, a black or dark brown material typically consisting of a mixture of organic remains, clay, and rock particles
- 20. the organic component of soil, formed by the decomposition of leaves and other plant material by soil microorganisms
- 25. the sideways and downward movement of the edge of a plate of the earth's crust into the mantle beneath another plate
- 27. a large natural elevation of the earth's surface rising abruptly from the surrounding level
- 28. a layer inside a planetary body bounded below by a core and above by a crust
- 29. a low area of land between hills or mountains, typically with a river or stream flowing through it
- 30. a region around much of the rim of the Pacific Ocean where many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur