Vocabulary for Exam 2

4. stored energy
9. refers to the group of atoms,molecules or objects being studied
11. no chemical bonding, but is a mixture of substances
13. is often called the “universal solvent” because it can dissolve so many chemicals, especially polar and ionic compounds
14. chemically diverse group of compounds, that do not dissolve in water
17. energy in motion
21. atoms of carbon, hydrogen,and oxygen.
24. synthetic (human-made) polymers
26. are composed of long chains of subunits called amino acids
28. cells are usually independent
29. a combination of two or more atoms
30. which law of thermodynamics states that energy will go from a more useful form to a less useful form

1. give water cohesion by enabling water molecules to adhere loosely to one another.
2. are compounds that readily release hydrogen ions (H+) in water.
3. Forms of a single element that differ in atomic mass are called
5. the study of energy and its transformations
6. Bases have a pH ______ 7
7. cells are often found in multicellular organisms.
8. can change the position, physical composition, or temperature of matter
10. One joule (J) is the work done when one kilogram is accelerated at one meter per second per second.
12. Amount of work you get,divided by the amount of energy you put into it.
13. transfers energy from one object to another.
15. One __________ is the amount of energy needed to heat one gram of pure water one degree Celsius
16. - all the energy and matter exchanges that occur within a living cell or organism
18. adenine, (A), uracil (U), guanine (G), and cytosine (C)
19. Formed when two or more atoms share electrons.
20. Formed when one atom gives up an electron to another atom.
22. a molecule made up of two or more kinds of atoms held together by chemical bonds
23. are substances that readily take up hydrogen ions (H+) and release hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution.
25. adenine, (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C)
27. Acids have a pH ______ 7