Vocabulary

4. / amount of time required for half of a radioactive isotope to decay
6. / process in which an ionic compound separates into its positive and negative ions in solution
9. decay / a spontaneous process in which unstable nuclei lose energy by emitting radiation
10. / the concentration of a solution given in gram moles of solute per liter of solution
11. / having two opposite tendencies or opposite electrical charges
13. / indicated the relative ability of an element's atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond
14. configuration / the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals
17. / measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
18. / the study of quantitative relationships between the amounts of reactants used and products formed by a chemical reaction; is based on the law of conservation of mass
19. composition / the percent by mass of each element in a compound
20. / a measure of how much solute is dissolved in a specific amount of solvent or solution
22. electrons / the electrons in an atom's outermost orbitals; determine the chemical properties of an element
23. / two or more atoms of the same element having different numbers of neutrons

1. theory / describes the behavior of gases in terms of particles in motion; makes several assumptions about size, motion, and energy of gas particles
2. / Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion model, which is based on the arrangement that minimizes the repulsion of shared and unshared pairs of electrons around the central atom
3. / an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current
5. compounds / compounds that contain ionic bond
7. change / a transition of matter from one state to another
8. / any chemical reaction in which electrons are transferred from one substance to another; all called a redox reaction
12. / the heat content of a system at a constant pressure
15. / the number of elementary particles per mole of a substance
16. formula / a formula that shoes the smallest whole-number mole ration of the elements of a compound, and might or might not be the same as the actual molecular formula
17. / refers to how close a series of measurements are to one another; precise measurements show little variation over a series of trials but might not be accurate
21. / the SI base unit used to measure the amount of a substance, abbreviated mol;