Across
- 2. form when hot, molten rock crystallizes and solidifies
- 3. A landform that erupts lava
- 9. a special class of mountains
- 10. the solid residue left when combustible material is thoroughly burned or is oxidized by chemical means
- 13. a hot (typically >800 °C, or >1,500 °F ), chaotic mixture of rock fragments, gas, and ash that travels rapidly (tens of meters per second) away from a volcanic vent or collapsing flow front
- 16. a three-dimensional surface or zone across which there is a significant change in the velocity (speed or direction) of motion of one lithospheric plate relative to the adjacent lithospheric plate.
- 17. the sudden release of strain energy in the Earth's crust, resulting in waves of shaking that radiate outwards from the earthquake source
- 19. A geologic process in which one edge of one lithospheric plate is forced below the edge of another
- 20. an oceanic tectonic plate that lies beneath the Pacific Ocean
Down
- 1. the denser crustal layer of Earth that makes up portions of tectonic plates in deep oceans
- 4. melted rock underground
- 5. the solid, outermost layer of the Earth, consisting of the crust and the upper part of the mantle, essentially the rocky outer part of the planet
- 6. a portion of the Earth's mantle that flows like molten plastic despite being solid
- 7. the layer of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks that forms the geological continents and the areas of shallow seabed close to their shores, known as continental shelves
- 8. a string of underwater volcanoes and earthquake sites around the edges of the Pacific Ocean
- 11. melted rock above ground
- 12. an island of volcanic origin
- 14. tending to move toward one point or to approach each other
- 15. a hot or cold mixture of water and rock fragments that flow quickly down the slopes of a volcano
- 18. a spot that is very hot underground in the asthenosphere
