Volcano

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Across
  1. 2. the thin, dense layer of Earth's crust that forms the seafloor, primarily composed of basaltic rocks and created at mid-ocean ridges through the process of seafloor spreading
  2. 6. the liquid or molten rock found beneath Earth's surface.
  3. 7. the zone where two tectonic plates meet on Earth's surface, where significant changes in plate motion occur
  4. 8. openings, or vents where lava, tephra (small rocks), and steam erupt onto the Earth's surface.
  5. 10. this occurs when plates move towards each other and collide
  6. 12. the solid, outermost layer of the Earth, consisting of the Earth's crust and the uppermost, rigid part of the mantle
  7. 14. the solid remnants of fires
  8. 16. a portion of the Earth's mantle that flows like molten plastic despite being solid
  9. 17. a large plume of hot mantle material rising from deep within the Earth
  10. 19. a large volcano that has erupted on the seafloor and has emerged above sea level, occurring in ocean basins or on ocean ridges.
  11. 20. a hot or cold mixture of water and rock fragments that flow quickly down the slopes of a volcano.
Down
  1. 1. form when hot, molten rock crystallizes and solidifies.
  2. 3. the layer of Earth's crust that forms the continents and the shallow seabed areas near their shores
  3. 4. an oceanic tectonic plate that lies beneath the Pacific Ocean.
  4. 5. the process that occurs when two tectonic plates meet at convergent boundaries, and one of the plates moves under the other one due to gravity and differences in density
  5. 9. the sudden release of strain energy in the Earth's crust, resulting in waves of shaking that radiate outwards from the earthquake source
  6. 11. a special class of mountains
  7. 13. a hot (typically >800 °C, or >1,500 °F ), chaotic mixture of rock fragments, gas, and ash that travels rapidly (tens of meters per second) away from a volcanic vent or collapsing flow front
  8. 15. a geographically active zone around the Pacific Ocean's edge, characterized by a high concentration of volcanoes and earthquake epicenters, primarily caused by the movement of tectonic plates colliding along this region;
  9. 18. a large volcano that has erupted on the seafloor and has emerged above sea level, occurring in ocean basins or on ocean ridges.