Volcanoes

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Across
  1. 1. – A volcanic eruption characterized by violent explosions due to trapped gases and high-viscosity magma.
  2. 7. – A type of basaltic lava that is smooth, ropy, and fluid, forming natural rock sculptures.
  3. 8. – A rough, jagged type of lava that is thicker and more brittle than pāhoehoe lava.
  4. 10. – A column of hot rock rising from the mantle toward the Earth's crust, causing volcanic activity.
  5. 11. – A destructive volcanic mudflow composed of water and volcanic debris that moves rapidly down river valleys.
  6. 12. – A moderate volcanic eruption characterized by bursts of lava expelled from a vent.
  7. 13. – Fragmented material ejected by a volcanic eruption, including ash, pumice, and larger rock fragments.
  8. 14. – An underwater mountain range formed by plate tectonics where new oceanic crust is created.
  9. 17. – Magma that is rich in silica, making it thick and prone to explosive eruptions.
  10. 18. – A broad, domed volcano with gentle slopes, typically formed by low-viscosity lava from a hotspot.
  11. 19. – A fast-moving cloud of hot gas, ash, and volcanic rock that can devastate areas around a volcano.
Down
  1. 2. – A volcanic eruption characterized by flowing lava with little or no explosive activity.
  2. 3. – Rounded formations of lava that cool quickly in water, often found along mid-ocean ridges.
  3. 4. – A reservoir of molten rock beneath the surface of the Earth that fuels volcanic eruptions.
  4. 5. – An active underwater volcano southeast of the Big Island of Hawaii, expected to eventually rise above sea level.
  5. 6. – A large depression formed when a volcano collapses after a major eruption, such as Crater Lake.
  6. 9. – A chain of underwater volcanoes that were once above a hotspot but have since eroded below sea level.
  7. 14. – Magma with low silica content, resulting in more fluid lava flows and effusive eruptions.
  8. 15. – A zone of melting above a mantle plume where volcanic activity occurs, often in the middle of tectonic plates.
  9. 16. – A measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow; high-viscosity magma results in explosive eruptions, while low-viscosity magma leads to effusive eruptions.