Across
- 4. Airborne ash damages aircraft engines and severely disrupts global travel networks.
- 5. Hydrothermal activity in volcanic crusts creates rich metallic ore deposits, such as copper and sulfur.
- 7. While is a greenhouse gas, the volume of carbon released by natural volcanism is only a tiny fraction of total anthropogenic emissions.
- 8. Volcanic ash breaks down over time to create highly fertile soils, making areas near volcanoes prime for farming.
- 9. Volcanic regions provide sustainable, renewable geothermal power and heat.
Down
- 1. Volcanic gases, including bromine, accelerate chemical reactions that temporarily deplete stratospheric ozone.
- 2. Major explosive eruptions inject sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere, which turns into sulfate aerosols that reflect sunlight and cool the lower atmosphere.
- 3. Fast-moving mudflows (lahars), landslides, and thick ashfalls destroy homes, clog waterways, and collapse roofs.
- 6. volcanic ash triggers respiratory problems like bronchitis and lung disease, while toxic gases like sulfur dioxide cause "vog" (volcanic smog) and acid rain.