Across
- 5. A specific way of performing a task or series of tasks.
- 6. The process of calculating the approximate quantity and cost of materials needed for a construction project.
- 7. Horizontal structural members used to support a ceiling or floor.
- 11. Structural elements located at the corners of a frame, providing support and stability.
- 14. Materials or devices installed in openings in a wall or floor assembly to prevent the spread of fire and smoke.
- 16. Sloping framing member supporting the roof.
- 17. A stud that runs continuously from the bottom plate to the top plate, positioned next to a window or door opening.
- 19. The upper horizontal component of a wall frame, to which the studs are secured. There are typically two layers: the top plate and the double top plate for added strength.
- 21. The boards or panel material used in the first layer of a wall or roof, providing a base for the application of weatherproofing and exterior finishes.
- 22. A horizontal piece that lies directly on top of the foundation, serving as the base for constructing the wall frame. It's also the bottom-most horizontal layer that the studs and bottom plate rest on. Layout: The process or plan for the arrangement of elements or components in a construction project.
- 23. A short stud placed above or below a window or door opening, which supports the header.
Down
- 1. Metal (often steel) framing members used as an alternative to wood studs for constructing walls.
- 2. A horizontal structural member located above windows, doors, and other openings in a wall, designed to carry the load from above the opening.
- 3. Vertical framing members in a wall, providing structural support and space for insulation and running electrical wires and plumbing.
- 4. The T-shaped intersections created when partition walls meet main walls, providing structural support and room division.
- 5. Horizontal framing members found at the top and bottom of walls, to which vertical components are attached.
- 8. Vertical framing members that support the header above a door or window opening; essentially another term for jack studs.
- 9. Horizontal bracing between studs, providing structural stability, reducing the potential for stud twisting, and offering a nailing surface for interior finishes.
- 10. Building structures from individual units laid and bound together by mortar; common materials include brick, stone, and concrete block.
- 12. The method or material used to stabilize structures, preventing movement or shifting during and after construction.
- 13. Panels used for interior wall covering.
- 15. The method of building a structure's support system, including walls and ceilings, using structural members.
- 18. The lower horizontal part of a wall frame, which is attached to the floor and to which the studs are connected.
- 20. The outermost wall of a building, providing structural support and protection from the environment.