Across
- 3. diuretics Medications that promote the excretion of sodium and water, commonly used to treat high blood pressure and edema.
- 5. A condition characterized by low blood volume, often caused by dehydration or excessive fluid loss.
- 6. A deficiency of calcium in the blood, which can cause muscle spasms, numbness, and weakened bones.
- 7. hormone A hormone released by the parathyroid glands that increases blood calcium levels by stimulating the release of calcium from bones and enhancing its absorption from the intestines.
- 8. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system regulates blood pressure and fluid balance by controlling the retention or excretion of sodium and water.
- 13. An elevated level of sodium in the blood often due to dehydration or inadequate water intake.
- 14. A condition resulting from the inadequate intake or excessive loss of fluid, leading to disruptions in bodily functions.
- 17. An excess of calcium in the blood, which can lead to kidney stones, bone pain, and other complications.
- 18. D A fat-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in calcium absorption and bone mineralization.
- 19. Essential minerals such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium that help maintain proper fluid balance and electrical activity in cells.
- 20. hormone A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that controls the reabsorption of water in the kidneys, regulating body fluid levels.
Down
- 1. A lower-than-normal concentration of sodium in the blood, which can result from excessive fluid intake without adequate electrolyte replacement.
- 2. An essential mineral involved in various biochemical reactions, muscle function, and nerve transmission.
- 4. A hormone produced by the thyroid gland that helps regulate calcium levels in the blood by promoting its deposition into bones.
- 9. balance The equilibrium between acids and bases in the body, crucial for maintaining proper pH levels in bodily fluids to support various physiological processes.
- 10. The functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood, reabsorbing essential substances, and regulating water and electrolyte balance.
- 11. A mineral important for bone health, energy production, and acid-base balance in the body.
- 12. homeostasis The balance between calcium absorption, excretion, and storage to maintain optimal levels for bone health and other bodily functions.
- 15. The movement of water across cell membranes to maintain balance between fluid concentrations inside and outside cells.
- 16. The process of maintaining adequate fluid levels in the body to support various physiological functions.