Across
- 3. Major route used by pioneers moving west.
- 6. Invention that ended the open range and cattle boom.
- 9. A deserted town, common after gold/silver ran out.
- 11. African Americans who migrated from the South to Kansas.
- 12. A person who is among the first to settle a new area.
- 13. Destiny The 19th-century belief that the U.S. was destined to expand across the continent.
- 14. Self-appointed law enforcement in frontier towns.
- 16. A fast-growing town, usually near a mining strike.
- 18. People who entered the Oklahoma land rush early.
- 19. Land set aside by the government for Native Americans.
- 20. To surrender or give up land, often by treaty.
Down
- 1. Communication technology that helped unify the country.
- 2. The edge of settled land.
- 4. To add or incorporate a new territory (e.g., Texas).
- 5. People who traveled to California in 1849 for the gold rush.
- 7. Type of cattle popular in Texas, known for being hardy.
- 8. Railroad: Railroad line connecting the Atlantic and Pacific coasts.
- 10. 1862 law allowing settlers to acquire free land in the West.
- 15. Nickname for Great Plains farmers who broke up the tough sod.
- 17. Forced relocation of Native Americans.