Across
- 5. an early settler of a region
- 7. large shaggy-haired brown bison of North American plains
- 13. Last major conflict between Native Americans and the United States army - accidental discharge of a weapon led to a panic and the Army opened fire, massacring nearly all the Native Americans there
- 16. a railroad built to connect the East Coast to the west coast
- 18. use of new ideas to make tools that improve people's lives
- 19. name for a Chinese immigrant working on the Transcontinental Railroad
- 20. raising plants and animals for food
- 21. the amount that remains when need is satisfied (having more than you need)
- 22. money that is usually paid by a government to keep the price of a product or service low or to help a business or organization to continue to function
- 23. nickname for Great Plains farmers because they had to cut through sod to reach the fertile ground underneath.
- 24. he external surroundings in which a plant, animal, or human lives, which tend to influence its development and behavior
- 26. sudden movement of many people to an area where gold has been found
- 27. towns in the U.S. in the late 1800s that grew up "overnight" when gold was discovered there
- 29. person who worked with cattle on ranches in the West
- 30. wheat brought by Russian immigrants that thrived in the harsh climate of the Great Plains.
Down
- 1. people who dig for gold or other precious metals or minerals
- 2. African-American pioneers who fled the South to farm on the Great Plains.
- 3. Native American victory over United States soldiers, led to the United States becoming tougher on Native Americans aka Custer's Last Stand
- 4. weather over time
- 6. a person who comes to a country to live permanently
- 8. A federal law intended to turn Native Americans into farmers and landowners by providing cooperating families with 160 acres of reservation land for farming or 320 acres for grazing.
- 9. an unexplored area
- 10. A way cowboys moved large herds of cattle from ranches in Texas north to towns along the railroads in the late 1800s.
- 11. Land set aside by the government for Native Americans - they were forced to move there.
- 12. Service begun in 1860 that used a relay of riders on horses to deliver mail from Missouri to California in ten days.
- 14. fights between farmers and ranchers over land
- 15. A large farm, especially in the western United States, on which large herds of cattle, sheep, or horses are raised.
- 17. Law offering free land to people willing to start new farms on the Great Plains, signed in 1862 (160 acres)
- 25. an officially accepted set of rules or ideas about what should be done
- 28. house made out of sod on the Great Plains because their was a scarcity of lumber and stone