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Across
  1. 4. Founder of the Standard Oil Company, which dominated the oil industry and was the first great U.S. business trust.
  2. 6. The news of gold brought approximately 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad.
  3. 8. An ideological and political revolution which occurred in colonial North America between 1765 and 1783. The Americans in the Thirteen Colonies defeated the British in the American Revolutionary War, gaining independence from the British Crown and establishing the United States of America, the first modern constitutional liberal democracy.
  4. 10. An organized massacre of a particular ethnic group, in particular that of Jewish people in Russia or eastern Europe.
  5. 12. The political process by which a legally constituted tribunal, or legislative body, challenges or discredits the honesty or validity of a public official whose conduct may endanger the common good.
  6. 13. Followed the American Civil War and during which attempts were made to redress the inequities of slavery and its political, social, and economic legacy.
  7. 15. An isolated or segregated group or area.
  8. 17. A package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850 that defused a political confrontation between slave and free states on the status of territories acquired in the Mexican–American War. It also set Texas's western and northern borders and included provisions addressing fugitive slaves and the slave trade.
  9. 18. A series of workers and machines in a factory by which a succession of identical items is progressively assembled.
  10. 22. A person who is blamed for the wrongdoings, mistakes, or faults of others, especially for reasons of expediency.
  11. 24. A legal entity that is separate and distinct from its owners.
  12. 26. An outlying district of a city, especially a residential one.
  13. 28. A combination of corporations managed by a single group of people.
  14. 33. US manufacturer known for manufacturing steel plows.
  15. 35. Cars a wheeled vehicle that runs on rails and is propelled by electricity.
  16. 37. The systematic separation of people into racial or other ethnic groups in daily life.
  17. 39. A person who favors the abolition of a practice or institution, especially capital punishment or slavery.
  18. 41. United States federal legislation that admitted Missouri as a slave state.
  19. 45. A tenant farmer who gives a part of each crop as rent.
  20. 48. Another name for the locomotive.
  21. 51. Set free from slavery or oppression.
  22. 52. Plantation owners.
  23. 58. A method of sifting for gold.
  24. 59. Describe or draw attention to (a product, service, or event) in a public medium in order to promote sales or attendance.
  25. 60. A presidential proclamation and executive order issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln.
  26. 61. Set free.
  27. 62. A tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports.
  28. 63. To provide a reason or explanation for something.
  29. 65. A single seller that has significant market power.
  30. 66. A speech delivered at an inaugural ceremony.
  31. 67. A war in the United States from 1861 to 1865, fought between northern states loyal to the Union and southern states that had seceded to form the Confederate States of America.
  32. 68. Slaves who were set free.
  33. 69. A pioneering American nurse who founded the American Red Cross. She was a hospital nurse in the American Civil War.
  34. 70. Any person, company, or institution that owns at least one share of a company's stock.
Down
  1. 1. Something or someone that is lower in position, rank, quality, or importance.
  2. 2. A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.
  3. 3. Groups of people sent to spread a religion.
  4. 5. An organized association of workers, often in a trade or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests.
  5. 7. An American Confederate general best known as a commander of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War.
  6. 9. After escaping from slavery in Maryland, he became a national leader of the abolitionist movement in Massachusetts and New York, becoming famous for his oratory and incisive antislavery writings.
  7. 11. An underground electric railroad.
  8. 14. Inventor of the cotton gin.
  9. 16. A speech that U.S. President Abraham Lincoln delivered during the American Civil War at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
  10. 19. Fur trappers in the wilderness beyond the Rocky Mountains.
  11. 20. Laws that regulated the lives of African American slaves.
  12. 21. The change that took place in the late 1700s and early 1800s from making goods in small workshops to making goods with machines and factories.
  13. 23. A method of filtering gold from sand.
  14. 25. A faction of the Republican Party during the American Civil War. They were distinguished by their fierce advocacy for the abolition of slavery, enfranchisement of black citizens, and holding the Southern states financially and morally culpable for the war.
  15. 27. The process of making an area more urban.
  16. 28. A room or a set of rooms forming a separate residence within a house or block of apartments.
  17. 29. The 17th president of the United States, serving from 1865 to 1869. He assumed the presidency as he was vice president at the time of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.
  18. 30. Several laws in the United States by which an applicant could acquire ownership of government land or the public domain.
  19. 31. He led the expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century.
  20. 32. A person who runs away or tries to escape from the law.
  21. 34. Buildings used for grinding grain into flour or for manufacturing.
  22. 36. The production of large quantities of a standardized article by an automated mechanical process.
  23. 38. The Border War was a series of violent civil confrontations in Kansas Territory, and to a lesser extent in western Missouri, between 1854 and 1859.
  24. 40. To withdraw.
  25. 42. Railroad A network of homes, barns, cellars, caves, and secret rooms where Runaway slaves could hide and rest while escaping north to freedom.
  26. 43. An actor who assassinated Preisdent Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C., on April 14, 1865.
  27. 44. of Bull Run The first major battle of the American Civil War.
  28. 46. Dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power, typically involving bribery.
  29. 47. An American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865.
  30. 49. A league or alliance, especially of confederate states.
  31. 50. The route through central North America which served as a vital commercial highway until 1880.
  32. 53. A person who looks for gold or other minerals.
  33. 54. An American inventor and businessman who has been described as America's greatest inventor. He developed many devices in fields such as electric power generation, mass communication, sound recording, and motion pictures.
  34. 55. A 2,170-mile east-west, large-wheeled wagon route and emigrant trail in the United States that connected the Missouri River to valleys in Oregon.
  35. 56. A symbol, word, or words legally registered or established by use as representing a company or product.
  36. 57. Restrictive laws designed to limit the freedom of African Americans and ensure their availability as a cheap labor force after slavery was abolished during the Civil War.
  37. 64. A wealthy powerful person in business or industry.