Across
- 3. the Greek culture, society, and art that spread throughout the vast empire conquered by Alexander the Great in the late 4th century BCE, blending with the local cultures of the Near East, Egypt, and India.
- 5. relating to or denoting a late Bronze Age civilization in Greece represented by finds at Mycenae and other ancient cities of Peloponnesus.
- 9. was the Macedonian king and conqueror who built one of the largest empires in history by spreading Greek culture (Hellenism) from Greece to India between 336 and 323 BCE, becoming a legendary military leader known for his brilliance and ambition.
- 10. a city-state that served as a fundamental political, social, and cultural unit, characterized by its independence, self-sufficiency, and shared governance, such as Athens or Sparta.
- 13. was the king who transformed a weak kingdom into a dominant military power by reforming his army, conquering neighboring territories, and ultimately uniting Greece under Macedonian hegemony through the League of Corinth after his victory at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BCE.
- 14. An ancient Greek poet and performer
Down
- 1. a system where free male citizens directly participated in decision-making by voting on laws and policies in assemblies (Ekklesia) and serving on randomly selected governing councils (Boule)
- 2. a nearly three-decade-long conflict in ancient Greece (431-404 BCE) between the powerful city-states of Athens and Sparta and their allies, leading to a shift in power from Athens to Sparta and marking the end of Greece's Golden Age.
- 4. a series of conflicts between the Achaemenid Empire and Greek city-states that started in 499 BC and lasted until 449 BC.
- 5. relating to or denoting a Bronze Age civilization centered on Crete (c.3000–1050 BC), its people, or its language.
- 6. a pivotal Greek philosopher
- 7. a seminal philosopher (c. 428–348 BCE) who, as the student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle, is considered a foundational figure in Western philosophy
- 8. the "rule of the best", a system where the "best" individuals—those possessing superior virtue, morality, and intellect, rather than just wealth or nobility—held power for the common good.
- 11. a member of a Hellenic people speaking the Doric dialect of Greek, thought to have entered Greece from the north c.1100 BC. They settled in Peloponnesus and later colonized Sicily and southern Italy.
- 12. an Athenian philosopher, considered the "Father of Western Philosophy," known for his method of questioning and dialectic inquiry.
- 13. a military formation of heavy infantry soldiers (hoplites) arranged in a tightly packed, deep rectangular block, characterized by the use of long spears and large shields that created a formidable, disciplined wall of defense and attack.