Across
- 6. : he massive transfer of plants, animals, diseases, people, technology, and ideas between the "Old World" (Europe, Africa, Asia) and the "New World" (the Americas)
- 8. : a conqueror, especially one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century.
- 9. :was a patron of explorers ,was also one of the earliest geographers. In honor of the discoveries he inspired, he came to be called Henry the Navigator.
- 12. : a 1494 agreement between Spain and Portugal that divided newly discovered lands outside Europe along a north-south meridian
- 14. : an Italian explorer and navigator from the Republic of Genoa who completed four Spanish-based voyages across the Atlantic Ocean sponsored by the Catholic Monarchs
- 15. : an economic theory and policy from the 16th-18th centuries where governments regulated economies to boost national power by maximizing exports and minimizing imports, aiming to accumulate wealth, especially gold and silver (bullion), through a favorable trade balance, often using colonies for raw materials and captive markets.
- 16. : was a Portuguese mariner, explorer and nobleman. His discovery of the first direct maritime route between Europe and India
Down
- 1. : was the brutal sea journey across the Atlantic Ocean where millions of enslaved Africans were forcibly transported from Africa to the Americas as a key part of the Transatlantic Slave Trade
- 2. : a three-legged transatlantic system connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas from the 16th to 19th centuries, involving the exchange of manufactured goods for enslaved people, then enslaved people for raw materials like sugar, tobacco, and cotton, which were shipped back to Europe, fueling colonial economies and the brutal Middle Passage.
- 3. : the North American theater of the global Seven Years' War, a conflict where Great Britain, its American colonists, and the Iroquois Confederacy fought against France, its colonists, and various Native American allies for control of North America's vast territories, especially the Ohio River Valley, ultimately resulting in massive British land gains and sowing seeds for the American Revolution.
- 4. : the first permanent English settlement in North America
- 5. : travelers on a religious journey
- 7. : forced transportation of over 12 million enslaved Africans by European traders across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas from the 16th to the 19th centuries
- 10. :was a famous Portuguese explorer, renowned as the first European to sail around the southernmost tip of Africa
- 11. : an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit.
- 13. : a territory controlled by a foreign power, established by settlers from the "mother country" for economic gain, resources, or expansion, maintaining political ties to the parent state