Across
- 2. political unit in the old empire
- 6. series of kings; named for his grandfather Merovee
- 9. bridge that could be raised or lowered
- 11. two teams of knights fought a mock battle that lasted on an entire day and ranged over the whole country
- 12. study of the coat of arms emblems and their designs
- 14. estate belonging to a noble
- 16. Germanic tribe that occupied northern Italy
- 19. Clovis's Frankish kingdom soon covered the area formerly known as this
- 21. title once used by Roman emperors, "high priest"
- 24. tower in which watchmen surveyed the countryside
- 25. ceremony where the vassal knelt and vowed to be his "lord's man"
- 26. Clovis called a church council in this city
- 28. he crowned Charlemagne and called him Charles Augustus
- 29. large islands to the north between Europe and America
- 30. piece of land owned by one man who permitted another man to use it in return for certain promised services
Down
- 1. Charles Martel allied himself with the Roman church
- 3. where the Magyars settled
- 4. falcons were young hawks trained to hunt small game such as ducks or rabbits
- 5. political unit in the old empire
- 7. man who used the land in exchange for his services
- 8. man who owned the land
- 10. code of conduct for the nobility and the knights
- 13. two knights fought to unseat or unhorse each other
- 15. if a vassal failed to honor his promises to the lord, he forfeited his fief
- 17. German tribe that settled in Western Europe
- 18. personal servant to his lord or to another knight in the lord's service
- 20. household servant in the service of a lord
- 22. their lord's fields
- 23. protective trench of water surrounded many castles
- 27. pope who crossed the Alps into France to crown Pepin king again