Across
- 5. by a king or queen
- 6. southern Italy and Sicily; strongly influenced Roman society
- 11. medieval sport in which knights fought to unhorse each other
- 12. family of rulers whose right is passed on within the family.
- 15. of a kingdom
- 16. peasant farmers of the manors
- 17. upper class "insiders" to Roman politics, religion, and society
- 18. most common of various titles for ancient Egyptians monarchs
- 22. crusade of 15,000 to 20,000 people, mostly simple farmers, who were destroyed by experienced Turkish warriors
- 24. that satisfied the growing need for men with special training in such professions as law and medicine
- 28. attempt to synthesize Greek philosophy with Romanism
- 29. Celtic barbarians from western Europe; occupied the Po River Valley in the north
- 30. form of the bubonic plague that killed 1/3 to 1/2 of Europe's population
- 31. of the Roman army who went to North Africa and defeated Hannibal at the battle of Zama
- 33. government of divine authority
- 34. course that consisted of arithmetic, music, geometry, and astronomy
- 36. drying a dead body to prevent it from rotting
- 41. major Indian religious system, which had its origins in the religious beliefs of the Aryans who settled India after 1500 B.C.
- 42. fortified dwelling built in the Middle Ages
- 47. of the church that persons who robbed churches, took a serf's property, or killed a noncombatant during battle should be denied the sacraments
- 48. first writing system of the Aryans, developed around 1000 B.C.
- 52. lower class "outsiders" to Roman political and cultural life
- 55. brothers who, as tribunes, championed the poor and died for their
- 59. Mesopotamian society stating that men dominated the society.
- 60. Carthaginian general who led an army of men and elephants over the Alps into Italy
- 61. class/the class between the nobility and the peasants (the burgers)
- 62. who holds a piece of land and permits another to use it in return for certain promised services
- 63. city of Rome
Down
- 1. administrative organization that relied on non elective officials and regular procedure's.
- 2. architectural style that featured tall walls with many pointed windows (often stained glass) and elaborate steeples and points, which seemed to give churches a tall light appearance
- 3. august body of 100 patrician elders who advised the king
- 4. armed warriors, often wearing full body armor and mounted on horses
- 7. piece of land hald by one man
- 8. medieval sport in which groups of knights fought mock battles that lasted an entire day and ranged over the whole countryside
- 9. Hinduism, the force generated by a person's actions that determines how the person will be reborn in the next life
- 10. in one god
- 13. course consisting of grammar, rhetoric, and logic
- 14. that belonged to a noble, ranging in size from a few hundred acres to several thousand acres
- 19. of writing created by the Sumerians
- 20. set of rigid categories in ancient India that determined a person's occupation and economic potential, as well as his or her position in society, based partly on skin color
- 21. or "Sacred Writings" of the ancient Egyptians
- 23. from the city of Carthage in North Africa
- 25. and unique emblems and designs displayed on armor, shields, and banners to identify knights in combat
- 26. who is permitted by a lord to use a piece of land in return for certain promised services
- 27. rebirth of an individual's soul in a different form after death
- 30. towns that sprang up beside fortresses
- 32. settled communities to create their own empire
- 35. steward of the whole land
- 37. seasonal wind pattern in southern Asia that blows warm, moist air from the southwest during the summer, bringing heavy rains, and cold, dry air from the northeast during the winter
- 38. fairs/an international event that brought together merchants from many lands to sell and purchase items
- 39. stepped tower
- 40. to certain holy places in an effort to prove one's piety
- 43. architectural style that was characterized by the use of thick massive walls and small windows with rounded arches
- 44. city of the Eastern Roman Empire, founded by Constantine and later renamed Constantinople
- 45. proclamation that forbade fighting from Friday through Sunday of each week
- 46. confederation of northern German towns, formed during the 13th century and eventually embracing some 85 cities, that protected the merchants of its constituent cities
- 49. living in burgs
- 50. fought for the stated purpose of capturing the Holy Land from the muslims and holding it for Christendom
- 51. way of life based upon the ownership and use of land
- 53. political unit or state
- 54. believing in multiple gods h/the basic unit of Sumerian civilization
- 56. code of conduct for the nobility and knights
- 57. lord's fields, in which the serfs had to work two to three days each week
- 58. early form of trade unionism, consisting of voluntary associations among merchants, artisans, and craftsmen