Across
- 4. The belief that a country should maintain a strong military and be prepared to use it aggressively. Before WWI, many European nations built up large armies and navies, increasing tensions.
- 6. A pre-war alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia.
- 7. A situation in which neither side can gain an advantage or victory. Trench warfare on the Western Front created one of these among warring powers
- 8. An agreement to stop fighting - one was reached in World War I on November 11, 1918
- 10. An international organization created after WWI to promote peace and cooperation between countries, though it struggled to prevent future conflicts.
- 11. A plan proposed by President Woodrow Wilson outlining goals for peace after WWI, including self-determination and the creation of an international peacekeeping organization.
- 12. The area of fighting between Germany/Austria-Hungary and Russia. This front was more mobile than the Western Front.
- 15. Germany’s military strategy to quickly defeat France by invading through Belgium before turning to fight Russia. It failed and led to a long war on the Western Front.
- 16. A type of fighting where soldiers dug deep trenches for protection. This led to a stalemate on the Western Front with little movement.
- 18. The dangerous area between opposing trenches, often filled with barbed wire, mud, and shell craters.
- 20. A British passenger ship sunk by a German submarine in 1915, leading to the deaths of many civilians and increasing American anger toward Germany.
- 21. A German policy of attacking any ship, including civilian and neutral vessels, without warning.
- 22. Strong pride in one’s country and the desire for national independence or dominance. Nationalism contributed to rivalries and conflicts in Europe.
- 23. The opposing alliance that included Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, and later the United States.
Down
- 1. A military alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy before WWI. Italy later switched sides during the war.
- 2. A secret message from Germany to Mexico proposing an alliance against the United States. Its discovery helped push the U.S. into the war.
- 3. Information, often biased or misleading, used to influence public opinion and gain support for the war.
- 5. A nationalist from Serbia who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand, setting off a chain reaction that led to war.
- 9. The heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne whose assassination in 1914 triggered the start of World War I.
- 13. The 1919 agreement that ended WWI. It placed heavy blame and harsh penalties on Germany, which later contributed to future conflict.
- 14. The alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria during WWI.
- 17. The main battlefield in Western Europe, especially in France and Belgium, where trench warfare dominated.
- 19. A type of warfare where countries devote all their resources—economic, industrial, and human—to the war effort.