Across
- 2. also known as paleowater or ancient groundwater, refers to groundwater that has been stored in underground aquifers for an extended period, often thousands to millions of years. It is a non-renewable water resource.
- 7. is the water stored beneath the Earth's surface in porous rock formations and aquifers. It is a vital source of freshwater for drinking, agriculture, and industrial purposes.
- 8. is the phase transition in which water changes directly from a solid (ice) to a gas (water vapor) without passing through the liquid phase. It commonly occurs in cold and dry conditions.
- 11. is the process by which water changes from its liquid state to vapor or gas when exposed to heat or sunlight. It primarily occurs from open water surfaces, such as lakes and oceans, and moist land areas.
- 12. refers to the rate of flow or transfer of water through a specific area or volume. It quantifies the movement of water in various parts of the hydrological system.
- 13. Radiation is the energy emitted by the sun in the form of electromagnetic waves. It plays a significant role in driving the processes of evaporation, transpiration, and heating of the Earth's surface, affecting the water cycle.
- 14. represents the movement of water within natural or artificial channels, such as rivers, streams, and pipelines. It is characterized by the volume of water passing through a specific point over time.
- 16. is the deliberate application of water to land or soil to assist in the growth of crops and vegetation. It is commonly used in agriculture to supplement natural rainfall.
- 18. is the process by which water soaks into the ground, entering the soil and eventually recharging underground aquifers. It is a crucial aspect of groundwater replenishment.
Down
- 1. Cycle also called the water cycle, is the continuous and interconnected process by which water circulates through the Earth's atmosphere, surface, and subsurface. It includes evaporation, condensation, precipitation, runoff, and groundwater flow.
- 3. refers to a reservoir or storage compartment where water is held temporarily, such as lakes, aquifers, or dams.
- 4. is the combined process of water vapor being released into the atmosphere through two primary mechanisms: evaporation from surfaces like soil and water bodies and transpiration from plants through their leaves. It represents the total loss of water from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere.
- 5. is the energy possessed by water due to its elevation above a reference point, typically the Earth's surface. It is a key factor influencing the movement of water in rivers and streams.
- 6. is the downward movement of water through soil or porous rock layers, allowing water to infiltrate into underground aquifers or recharge groundwater resources.
- 9. also known as a watershed or catchment area, is an area of land that collects and channels water, including rainfall and runoff, into a central point, such as a river or lake.
- 10. refers to any form of water, such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail, that falls from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface. It is a critical component of the water cycle and contributes to replenishing water resources.
- 15. is a systematic assessment of the inflows and outflows of water within a specific region or system. It helps in understanding the availability and usage of water resources and can guide sustainable water management.
- 17. is the flow of water that occurs when excess rainwater or melted snow does not infiltrate into the soil but instead flows over the land surface, eventually entering streams, rivers, and other water bodies.