Year 9 Biology

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Across
  1. 2. Special markers on the surface of pathogens.
  2. 3. Using a vaccine triggers the immune system to develop long-term immunity against a particular antigen without the person actually being exposed to the disease.
  3. 4. cells A group of specialised white blood cells that help protect your body. Different types of immune cells play important roles in the immune response.
  4. 9. A vaccine is a product that contains either a weakened or killed version of a particular pathogen.
  5. 11. cells A group of specialised white blood cells that help protect your body. Different types of immune cells play important roles in the immune response.
  6. 12. disease A disease that can't spread from person to person. It might be caused by things like genetics, lifestyle choices, or the environment.
  7. 13. Proteins produced by B cells that bind to specific markers on a pathogen.
  8. 16. barriers A part of the body that physically blocks pathogens from getting in, e.g. skin, nose hairs.
  9. 17. line of defence The specific internal response — your body learns to recognise and destroy certain pathogens using special white blood cells and antibodies.
  10. 19. An individual living thing.
  11. 20. line of defence The nonspecific internal response when pathogens get past the first line of defence. Includes inflammation, fever and white blood cells attacking germs.
Down
  1. 1. Something that stops the body from working properly. It can cause pain, sickness, or changes in how we feel or function.
  2. 5. A tiny, usually single-celled, living organism that is too small to be seen with the naked e ye and requires a microscope to be observed
  3. 6. The special markers on the surface of pathogens.
  4. 7. disease A disease that is caused by a pathogen and can be spread from one organism to another.
  5. 8. An organism or infective agent capable of causing disease.
  6. 10. line of defence The body's first protection against pathogens — made of physical and chemical barriers that stop germs from getting in.
  7. 14. barriers Living organisms that protect the body by outcompeting or attacking harmful pathogens, e.g. good bacteria on the skin.
  8. 15. barriers A substance the body makes to kill or trap pathogens before they can enter, e.g. tears, saliva, stomach acid.
  9. 18. The ability to remember how to respond to a specific pathogen is called immunity.