Across
- 4. Clue: Electrons that are free to move throughout a structure and carry an electrical charge or thermal energy.
- 5. Clue: A group of a fixed number of non-metal atoms covalently bonded together (e.g., $\text{H}_2\text{O}$ or $\text{CO}_2$).
- 10. Clue: The type of positively charged particle fired at thin gold foil during Rutherford's famous scattering experiment (_________ particles).
- 13. Clue: Chemical bonding formed by the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, usually a metal and a non-metal.
- 15. Clue: The term used to describe the outermost electrons or the outermost shell of an atom.
- 18. Clue: The group name for the unreactive, inert gases found in Group 0 (__________ gases).
- 19. Clue: The tiny, dense, positively charged center of an atom that contains the protons and neutrons.
- 21. Clue: A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table; elements in the same row have the same number of electron shells.
- 24. Clue: Chemical bonding found in metals, consisting of a lattice of positive ions surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons.
- 26. Clue: The Russian scientist who successfully arranged the early periodic table by leaving gaps for undiscovered elements.
- 29. Clue: The group name for the highly reactive, soft metals found in Group 1 (__________ metals).
- 30. Clue: The scientist who adapted Rutherford's nuclear model by suggesting that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances (energy levels).
- 31. Clue: A prefix meaning one-billionth ($10^{-9}$), used to describe particles that are only a few hundred atoms in size (_______particles).
- 32. Clue: Chemical bonding formed when non-metal atoms share pairs of electrons to achieve a full outer shell.
- 33. Clue: Small, reactive molecules that join together in long chains to form a polymer.
- 35. Clue: A type of covalent structure where huge numbers of atoms are bonded together in a massive network, like diamond or silicon dioxide.
- 37. Clue: The liquid substance in which a solute dissolves to form a solution (e.g., water in saltwater).
- 38. Clue: A measure of how much of a substance can dissolve in a given volume of a solvent at a specific temperature.
- 41. Clue: The scientist who provided evidence to show the existence of neutrons within the nucleus, about 20 years after the nucleus was first discovered.
- 42. Clue: A single layer of graphite that is exactly one atom thick, incredibly strong, and a great electrical conductor.
- 43. Clue: An allotrope of carbon where each atom forms three covalent bonds in hexagonal layers, leaving one delocalised electron per atom to conduct electricity.
- 46. Clue: A vertical column of elements in the periodic table; elements in the same column have similar chemical properties.
- 47. Clue: An energy level or orbit surrounding the nucleus where electrons are found.
- 48. Clue: A neutral subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom, with a relative mass of 1.
- 50. Clue: A giant, regular, three-dimensional repeating arrangement of atoms or ions in a solid crystal structure.
- 51. Clue: A very large molecule made up of many repeating smaller units (monomers) joined together by strong covalent bonds.
- 52. Clue: A substance made of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in fixed proportions.
Down
- 1. Clue: A substance made of only one type of atom that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
- 2. Clue: Molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes, based on hexagonal, pentagonal, or heptagonal rings of carbon atoms.
- 3. Clue: Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
- 5. Clue: Two or more elements or compounds that are mingled together but not chemically combined.
- 6. Clue: The strong force of attraction between oppositely charged particles (found in ionic and metallic bonding).
- 7. Clue: The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines its place in the periodic table (__________ number).
- 8. Clue: The early atomic model proposed by J.J. Thomson where the atom was a sphere of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it (The __________ pudding model).
- 9. Clue: A separation technique used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid.
- 11. Clue: The group name for the highly reactive non-metals found in Group 7.
- 12. Clue: A property of metals meaning they can be drawn out into long, thin wires.
- 14. Clue: The weak forces between simple covalent molecules that are broken when the substance melts or boils.
- 16. Clue: An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
- 17. Clue: A specific type of distillation used to separate a mixture of multiple liquids with different boiling points, such as crude oil (___________ distillation).
- 20. Clue: The solid substance that dissolves in a liquid to form a solution (e.g., salt in saltwater).
- 22. Clue: The insoluble solid material that is left behind in the filter paper after filtration.
- 23. Clue: The famous experiment that disproved the Plum Pudding model and proved the nucleus exists (The alpha particle ___________ experiment).
- 24. Clue: A property of metals meaning they can be hammered or rolled into thin sheets because the layers of atoms can slide over one another.
- 25. Clue: A separation technique used to separate a mixture of soluble substances, such as food colorings or inks, based on their solubilities.
- 27. Clue: A separation technique that separates a soluble solid from a liquid, or two liquids with different boiling points, by evaporation and condensation.
- 28. Clue: The collection of metallic elements found in the center block of the periodic table, known for forming colored compounds.
- 31. Clue: Cylindrical fullerenes with very high length-to-diameter ratios, used in nanotechnology, electronics, and materials science.
- 32. Clue: A separation technique used to produce solid crystals from a solution by evaporating the solvent.
- 34. Clue: The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus (__________ number).
- 36. Clue: A negatively charged subatomic particle that orbits the nucleus in shells, with a negligible mass.
- 39. Clue: An allotrope of carbon where each atom forms four strong covalent bonds in a rigid tetrahedral structure, making it extremely hard.
- 40. Clue: The liquid that successfully passes through the filter paper during filtration.
- 44. Clue: A mixture of two or more elements, where at least one is a metal, designed to disrupt the regular layers and make it harder than pure metal.
- 45. Clue: The atomic model proposed by Rutherford after the alpha particle scattering experiment, showing a central positive nucleus.
- 49. Clue: The electronic state of an atom that has a full outer shell of electrons, making it unreactive.
- 51. Clue: A positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom, with a relative mass of 1.