Year 9 ESS Key Words Revision

1. The place below the ground where an earthquake starts (5).
3. A depression in the ocean floor (6).
8. Patterns of magnetism trapped in rocks on each side of plate boundaries (8,8).
9. A long, active submarine ridge system situated in the middle of an ocean basin (3-5,5).
11. The layer beneath Earth’s crust (6).
13. A fluid layer composed mostly of iron and nickel (5,4).
14. The rigid outer part of the Earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle (11).
15. Molten rock that has erupted onto Earth’s surface (4).
18. A layer of ‘plastic’ semi-solid rock in the lower mantle, on which Earth’s tectonic plates move (13).
19. The shaking, wave-like movement of the ground in an earthquake (7,4).
22. Molten rock below Earth’s surface (5).
23. The crust that forms the continents (11,5).
24. Mountains formed by crust crumpling upwards as plates collide (4,8).
26. When one plate sinks below another plate during a collision (10).
27. Where plates are moving apart from each other in opposite directions (9,8).
28. Unable to bend or be forced out of shape (5).
29. Isolated place away from plate boundaries where a lot of hot magma is collecting (3,4).
30. Where plates are sliding parallel to each other in opposite directions (9,8).

2. Where plates are colliding with each other (10,8).
4. The point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus of an earthquake (9).
5. A chain of islands formed at the edges of colliding tectonic plates where one plate subducts (6,3).
6. A zone where Earth’s crust and mantle are being pulled apart (4).
7. The process of new crust forming at the ocean ridges and spreading outwards (8,9).
10. The section of Earth’s crust that moves around on Earth’s surface (8,5).
12. The rapid movement of the ground due to the movement of tectonic plates (10).
16. A place where extremely hot material from inside Earth erupts at the surface (8).
17. Movement in a gas or liquid where the warmer parts move up and cooler parts move down (10,7).
20. The inner most geological layer of Earth (5,4).
21. The crust that forms the ocean floor (7,5).
25. A huge wave in the ocean caused by an Earthquake occurring on the sea floor (7).