Zahra's Crossword Puzzle Earthquakes And Volcanoes

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Across
  1. 2. This is the circular surface depression caused by volcanic activity.
  2. 4. Hot fluid or semifluid material below or within the earth's crust from which lava and other igneous rock are formed on cooling.
  3. 8. This is an opening in the earth's crust through which lava, volcanic ash, and gases escape.
  4. 13. Adjustments that take place after a major earthquake generate smaller earthquakes.
  5. 14. This is a visible suspension of carbon or other particles in the air, typically one emitted from a burning substance.
  6. 15. This is a scientific theory that explains how major landforms are created as a result of Earth's subterranean movements.
  7. 16. Hot molten or semifluid rock erupted from a volcano or fissure, or solid rock resulting from cooling of this.
  8. 17. This is a process that involves the movement of energy from one place to another.
  9. 19. The rapid increase in volume and release of energy in an extreme manner.
  10. 20. This is the measurement of the amount of energy released during an earthquake.
Down
  1. 1. A sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action.
  2. 3. This is a fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock.
  3. 5. This is the place within Earth where earthquake waves originate.
  4. 6. A circular cone of hardened lava, ash, and tephra around a single vent.
  5. 7. This is an area on Earth over a mantle plume or an area under the rocky outer layer of Earth called the crust, where magma is hotter than surrounding magma.
  6. 8. This is a geologist who studies the processes involved in the formation and eruptive activity of volcanoes and their current and historic eruptions.
  7. 9. The powdery residue left after the burning of a substance.
  8. 10. When lava and gas are released from a volcano.
  9. 11. This is an instrument that measures and records details of earthquakes, such as force and duration.
  10. 12. This is where two plates move away from each other.
  11. 18. This is an opening at the Earth's surface through which magma erupts or volcanic gases are emitted.