Across
- 2. an individual percept, idea, memory, or the like.
- 3. an involuntary grasping by an individual of anything that touches the palm. This reflex is typical of infants, but in older individuals, it may be a sign of frontal lobe damage or disease.
- 5. - the awareness that physical quantities do not change in amount when they are altered in appearance, such as when water is poured from a wide, short beaker into a thin, tall one. According to Piagetian theory, children become capable of this mental operation in the concrete operational stage. See also reversibility.
- 6. condensed or abbreviated speech in which only the most central words, carrying the highest level of information, are spoken. Nouns and verbs are typically featured, whereas adjectives, adverbs, articles, and connective parts of speech are omitted.
- 10. - essential or necessary as an attribute or as a part of some process. A critical period, for example, is an essential stage in the developmental process.
- 11. - a simple yet profound and highly effective learning process that occurs during a critical period in the life of some animals. It was first described in 1873 by British naturalist Douglas A. Spalding (1840–1877) when he observed that newly hatched chicks tended to follow the first moving object, human or animal, that caught their attention. The term itself was introduced by Konrad Lorenz in 1937. Some investigators believe that such processes are instinctual; others regard them as a form of preparedness.
- 13. the biological processes involved in an organism’s becoming functional or fully developed.
- 14. - the emotional bond between a human infant or a young nonhuman animal and its parent figure or caregiver; it is developed as a step in establishing a feeling of security and demonstrated by calmness while in the parent’s or caregiver’s presence. Attachment also denotes the tendency to form such bonds with certain other individuals in infancy as well as the tendency in adulthood to seek emotionally supportive social relationships.
- 15. - the tendency to emphasize one’s own needs, concerns, and outcomes rather than those of others. Also called egocentricity.
Down
- 1. knowledge of the continued existence of objects even when they are not directly perceived
- 4. prior to birth
- 7. adjustment or modification. For example, regarding individuals with disabilities, it refers to reasonable accommodations made to meet their needs. In the context of bargaining and interpersonal negotiations, it refers to modification of the various parties’ demands or actions in order to achieve agreement or a mutually beneficial outcome
- 8. an automatic, unlearned response of a newborn to a gentle stimulus (e.g., the touch of a finger) applied to the corner of the mouth or to the cheek, in which the infant turns their head and makes sucking motions.
- 9. the process by which an immigrant to a new culture adopts the culture’s beliefs and practices. This is more properly called social assimilation.
- 12. - cognition based on use of symbols, including, but not limited to, language and images.