forestry Crossword Puzzles

Chapter 3 Human Population Keywords 2022-10-10

Chapter 3 Human Population Keywords crossword puzzle

Across

The average number of children born alive to a woman in her lifetime.
The number of people living in a square kilometre (or other unit of area).
refers to the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system.
The average age that a new-born child is expected to live to.
A policy that discourages human reproduction.
The difference between the number of people entering a country (immigration) and the number of people leaving a country (emigration).
The difference between the birth rates and death rates, and the change in numbers due to migration, in a population.
15-49 years old
To leave one community or area in order to settle in another area.
The number of deaths per thousand people in the population, per year.
When water soaks into soils, removing the minerals and nutrients and reducing their ability to support plant life.
The study of how and why populations change in size and how they can be managed.
A population with a high percentage of young people (15 years or younger).
People migrating into a country
The movement of peoples from one place in the world to another.
The branch of medical care dealing with children and childhood diseases.
The change in the size of a population due to birth rates, death rates and net migration rates.
To estimate the number of years for a population to double, take the number 70 and divide it by the growth rate of the population.
based on averages; the number of years that someone is expected to live from a specific starting point; it changes as one grows older, and faces different risks.
Land or a climate that has little or no rainfall. It is too dry to support vegetation.
The number of males and females within different age groups in a given population.
The way in which the population is spread out across a given area.
The number of infant deaths for every 1000 live births, of children under the age of one.
Industry that converts raw materials such as farming or mining products into products for sale. The manufacturing industry.
The difference between the birth rates and death rates in a population; natural increase differs from overallincrease.
The youth dependency ratio is a measure of the young dependents (age 0 – 14) in a population, people younger than the age of 15 in relation to the working–age population (15 - 64 years old) as a ratio.

Down

The total dependency ratio is a measure of both the young (age 0 – 14 years) and old dependents (age 65 and older) added together to show their number versus the independent population (15 - 64 year olds). The ratio is expressed as the total number of dependents (young and old) per hundred people in the workforce.
industry such as mining, agriculture, fishing or forestry that is harvesting raw materials.
The number of live births per 1000 women (age 15–49) in the population, per year.
The rate at which the population replaces itself from one generation to the next (excluding migration).
A medical procedure used to make a person unable to have children.
hypothesized that unchecked population growth would quickly exceed carrying capacity, leading to overpopulation and social problems (famine/war).
hypothesized that food production can & will increase to match the needs of the population; improved farming methods & new technologies enable this to happen.
Where a family or people produce sufficient food for themselves, they do not have extra produce to sell.
The number of children, per 1000 live births, that die under the age of five in a population in a year.
equals the CBR – CDR.
To move into an area or region in order to settle down and live.
The change in the size of a population due to birth and death rates.
The old dependency ratio is the number of old dependents (age 65+) in a population, people older than 64 in relation to the working-age population (15 - 64 years old) as a ratio. The ratio is expressed as the total number of old dependents per hundred people in the workforce.
A policy that promotes human reproduction.
A population with a high percentage of old people (aged 65 years or older).
These are factors that are causing people to leave an area. They may include factors such as war, drought, floods or the lack of housing, food, education, jobs or a poor standard of living.
(CBR) the number of live births occurring among the population of a given geographical area during a given year
People migrating out of a country.
The dependency ratio is the measure of the dependents (non-working) portion of the population (age groups 0-14 and 65+) compared to the total independent (working) portion of the population ( 15 - 64 years). The ratio is expressed as the number of dependents per hundred people in the workforce.
is a graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population (typically that of a country or region of the world), which forms the shape of a pyramid when the population is growing.
(TFR) the average number of children a woman would have assuming that current age-specific birth rates remain constant throughout her childbearing years.
of a biological species in an environment is the maximum population size of the species that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the food, habitat, water, and other necessities available in the environment.
The number of live births per thousand people in the population, per year. Also known as the crude birth rate as it does not take age or gender into account.

49 Clues: 15-49 years old • equals the CBR – CDR. • People migrating into a country • People migrating out of a country. • A policy that promotes human reproduction. • A policy that discourages human reproduction. • The average age that a new-born child is expected to live to. • The movement of peoples from one place in the world to another. • ...

Nature and Environment Crossword 2020-03-14

Nature and Environment Crossword crossword puzzle

Across

Occurs in bacteria and other organisms and involves the use of energy released by inorganic chemical reactions to produce food.
Father of the White Revolution in India.
State animal of Delhi.
Small-scale tourism in fragile and protected areas that aims to have a low impact on the environment, benefit local communities and enable tourists to learn more about the natural and cultural history of the place.
A type of electromagnetic radiation that has wavelengths longer than visible light.
Largest living bird.
The gradual increase in temperature of the Earth’s surface caused by human activities.
The biological variety of a particular environment as reflected by the number of different species of plant and animals present.
The ability to break down or decompose rapidly under natural conditions and processes.
Changes in an organism’s structure or habit that help it adjust to its surroundings.
An animal that feeds on other animals.
A nationally uniform index for reporting and forecasting daily air quality.
A storm with widespread snowfall accompanied by strong winds.
The thin protective layer of gas 10 to 50km above the Earth that acts as a filter for ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. High UV levels can lead to skin cancer and cataracts and affect the growth of plants.
A green plant that is distinguished from woody plants by being leaflike in appearance and texture.
Plants and animals that are grown or reared without the use of synthetic fertilisers, pesticides or hormones.
The mass of air surrounding the Earth.
Process by which the structure of a biological community evolves over time.
Water that is a mixture of both fresh and salt water.
Describes a type of forest characterized by mostly needle-leaved, cone-bearing trees or shrubs, such as pine, spruce, and fir.
Garhwali environmentalist and Chipko movement leader.
A belt of calms between the Atlantic and Pacific trade winds.
A species that is non-native and due to rapid reproduction, strangling other species or changing the chemistry of the soil it becomes detrimental to the habitat in which it resides.
Development using land or energy sources in a way that meets the needs of people today without reducing the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Physical, mental, and behavioral changes that follow a daily cycle.
A community of organisms in which each member is eaten in turn by another member.
Energy from resources such as wind power, solar energy or biomass.
A shrub or small tree that grows in coastal saline or brackish water.
A large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV).
Liquid wastes from communities, which may be a mixture of domestic effluent from homes and liquid waste from industry.
An international agreement signed in Japan in 1997, attached to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change.
An organism that breaks down, organic material such as the remains of dead organisms.
These filters are capable of removing 99.9% of all unwanted sub-micron particles from the air.

Down

World’s smallest flowering plant. Found all over the planet, this bright green oval plant is about the size of a grain of rice.
Organic waste material produced by the decomposition of dead plants and animals.
Air pollution consisting of smoke and fog, which occurs in large urban and industrial areas.
A colourless, odourless gas resulting from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. It interferes with the blood's ability to carry oxygen to the body's tissues
A furnace that is designed to burn waste at very high temperatures under controlled conditions and is licensed by national regulatory authorities.
The slow aging process during which a lake, estuary, or bay evolves into a bog or marsh and eventually disappears.
Waterman of India
The area occupied by a community or species (group of animals or plants), such as a forest floor, desert or sea shore.
Unpredictable, devastating events like earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, cyclones etc. which can be and can cause irreparable damage of life and property.
The process by which a chemical is reduced to a less complex form.
Earth Summit (Portuguese: ECO92), was a major United Nations conference held in …………. from 3 to 14 June in 1992.
A species seriously at risk of extinction.
Height above sea level.
Any substance that can cause or contribute to the production of cancer.
Sharing a car to a destination to reduce fuel use, pollution and travel costs.
World’s second most polluted city of 2019 (According to globalresidenceindex.com).
Chemicals used in manufacturing and, in the past, in aerosol cans and refrigerators, which can damage the ozone layer.
A geologic period spanning 199.6 - 145.5 million years ago.
Biggest, highest and tallest dam of India build on this river.
The area where two adjacent ecosystems transition, i.e, woodlands transition to meadow.
An instrument that measures atmospheric pressure.
Earth's southernmost continent.
Heaviest insect in the world.
A fungus that grows co-dependently with algae.
Largest Lakes in India.
The science, art, and practice of managing and using trees, forests, and their associated resources for human benefit.
The wearing away of land or soil by the action of wind, water, or ice.
The weather in some location averaged over a period of time.

61 Clues: Waterman of India • Largest living bird. • State animal of Delhi. • Height above sea level. • Largest Lakes in India. • Heaviest insect in the world. • Earth's southernmost continent. • An animal that feeds on other animals. • The mass of air surrounding the Earth. • Father of the White Revolution in India. • A species seriously at risk of extinction. • ...

CANADA AND WORLD WAR II 2025-01-17

CANADA AND WORLD WAR II crossword puzzle

Across

This Prime Minister (1930-1935) alienated many Canadians with his authoritative and domineering approach
The construction of ‘this bridge’ was to provide access to the expensive British Properties north of Burrard inlet far removed from the visible poverty and suffering in downtown Vancouver
This group was highly discriminated against and expected to ‘live off the land’ as the government took land from reserves limiting access to resources.
Canada’s ultimate reliance on forestry and agriculture was a weakness because we had a …
William Aberhart the charismatic leader of the Social Credit Party was nicknamed ‘this’
Canada tried to protect its economy by imposing these taxes on imported goods
Given a huge demand in the 1920s, Canada overproduced its forest products, especially paper production for printing these …
The 1930s saw a rise in anti-semitism or hostility towards ‘this group’ which included employment discrimination and barring from certain organizations
During the 1920s Canadian farms overproduced this cash crop used in making bread and pasta
William Lyon Mackenzie King said “It is what we ____________________ rather than what we do that counts most in government.”
A major cause of the Great Depression for Canada is that we had limited trade partners given that we were moving away from our trade relationship with Britain and doing most of our trade with ‘this country’.
RB Bennett was a millionaire bachelor who occupied an entire floor at ‘this ritzy hotel’. Many thought was out of touch with the struggles of ordinary Canadians
This was the president of the United States who implemented the New Deal.
This 1835 rail trip from Vancouver to Ottawa (stopped in Regina) aimed to protest the conditions of employment at relief camps
This is a system of using tariffs to raise the price of imported goods in order to protect domestic producers
Under ‘this economic plan’ the U.S.A. spent billions of dollars trying to get the economy working again.
‘This economists’ theory of investing money to kick-start a depressed economy was adopted by the USA and Canada when we implemented the New Deal
The Rowell-Sirois Report recommended that the federal government give the poorer provinces grants or _______________________ to ensure that every province was able to offer citizens the same level of services.
Peaceful protests occurred in Vancouver where 1600 protesters occupied areas such as the main post office, the Georgia Hotel and the steps of ‘this famous building’
This type of downturn in the economy is less severe than a depression
A ‘major riot’ that took place when the police attempted to clear On-to-Ottawa trekkers from a stadium in Saskatchewan was called the …

Down

This Quebec political party had support of the Catholic Church and was led by the outspoken Maurice Duplessis
Looking to Fig. 4-4 page 92 in your textbook, ‘this province’ was hit the hardest during the Great Depression
These were government relief payments given to those who didn’t have alternative sources of income similar to the Employment Insurance we have today
This area of the Canadian prairies was the hardest hit during the Great Depression given the environmental disasters that decimated crops
This theory implies that the more scarce something is the more the demand and the higher the value
This was the leader of the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation in 1933
This Prime Minister (1921-1930)(1935-1948) was notoriously dull and ambiguous often criticized for his lack-luster speeches and uninspiring public persona
After his death it was revealed that Mackenzie King regularly held seances where he communicated with his deceased _________________ and former Prime Minister Sir Wilfrid Laurier.
Translated from ‘let it be’ this is an economic condition where the government does not interfere with industry
By 1933, jobless and homeless young men resorted to ‘doing this’ as a means of traveling around and looking for work in small shantytowns
In British Columbia ‘this Liberal premier’ was elected in 1933 investing in public works such as the construction of the Pattullo bridge
This is a long period of economic and social hardship, massive unemployment and suffering
This political party appealed to prairie farmers who saw a basic dividend of $25 a month to buy necessities
Social prejudice and immigration policies of the time meant that ‘this group’ did not qualify for relief payments and many were starving
These crop-eating-critters descended on the prairies in massive swarms even stalling trains, busses and clogging car radiators
The inability of Germany to pay out $30 billion as a result of the conditions of ‘this treaty’ caused a domino effect of debt world-wide
Pages 98 and 99 of your textbook look at the stories of ‘this group’ which suffered in a much more desperate way than men did.
This is a period of extreme dryness marked by very little rain, devastating heat and windstorms
This First Nations reserve was not consulted or compensated when its land was developed and transferred over to the company building the Lions Gate Bridge
During tough economic times ‘these groups’ of new Canadians were treated with a lot of discrimination and by 1935 more than 28 000 were deported
RB Bennett’s relief camps employed young men for ‘this much money per day’ -less than a cup of coffee. More than 170 000 Canadians spent time in these camps.

42 Clues: This type of downturn in the economy is less severe than a depression • This was the leader of the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation in 1933 • This was the president of the United States who implemented the New Deal. • Canada tried to protect its economy by imposing these taxes on imported goods • ...

mgs 2024-12-02

Across

A way to measure the average economic output for each person in a country. It is calculated by dividing the total GDP of the country by its population. This number helps show how much money, on average, each person contributes to the economy.
Jobs that involve taking raw materials and turning them into finished products Examples: manufacturing, construction,and processing. Workers in factories may assemble cars.
An economy that combines the features of a market and command economy.
Something that is found in nature that people use to meet their needs. These resources are not made by humans but are taken from the Earth to be used for things like food, energy, or materials.
a regularly used navigable route for large water vessels on wide waterways such as oceans, large lakes. They are typically safe and provide direct routes to popular ports.
A disagreement between two or more countries, states, or regions about where their borders are located.
Are natural resources that cannot be replaced or regenerated quickly once they are used up. These resources take millions of years to form, so once they are gone, they are gone. Examples: coal, oil, and natural gas.
Are jobs that provide a service to people and businesses. These jobs include things like teaching, healthcare, retail, and hospitality. Workers in this sector help meet the needs of others by offering support, advice, or entertainment.
The ways a country or region is split up or organized based on politics, government, or authority. These divisions can happen in different ways, like diving a country into smaller regions, states or provinces, or creating separate political groups with different beliefs or interests.
Where goods and services are exchanged without money. Emphasizes on trading and bartering of products and services.
Crops that are grown primarily to be sold for money. These crops are grown in large quantities and are sold to markets or businesses.
A relationship where people, countries, or groups rely on each other to meet their needs or achieve goals. It means that what happens in one place can affect others, creating connections through trade, culture, or support
A tax or fee that a government charges on goods that are Imported (brought into the country from other countries).
Refers to the people who work for a company, organization, or country. It’s all about the skills, knowledge, and labor that people provide to help produce goods or offer services.
An economy where the government controls the production of goods and services.

Down

When politicians or political parties unfairly draw the boundaries of voting districts to benefit themselves or their party. The goal is to create districts that give one group an advantage in elections, even if that does not reflect the true population or voting preferences.
Are the tools, machines, buildings, and equipment that are used to produce goods and services. These resources help workers do their jobs more efficiently and make it possible to create products or offer services.
Is the study of how people distribute their wealth
Developing countries are nations that are still working to improve their economy and quality of life for their citizens. These countries often have lower incomes, less advanced technology, and limited access to education and healthcare. While they may have rich natural resources, they face challenges like poverty, unemployment, and poor infrastructure.
A country that does not have any coastline or access to the ocean.Meaning the country is completely surrounded by land.
The process of damaging or harming the natural environment, often caused by human activities. This can include things like pollution, deforestation, overfishing, or the destruction of habitats.
A natural resource that can be replenished or replaced naturally over time. These resources are not limited because they can be produced or regenerated, often through natural processes. Examples: Sunlight, wind, and water.
A payment or financial support given by the government to help a person, business, or industry. The goal is usually to make certain goods or services cheaper or more affordable, or to encourage certain activities, like farming.
Are nations with advanced economies and high standards of living for their citizens. These countries typically have strong infrastructure, good healthcare, and access to education. People in these countries usually earn higher incomes and enjoy a better quality of life compared to those in developing countries
A type of agriculture where farmers grow crops and raise animals mainly to sell them for a profit. Farmers use advanced techniques and equipment to increase their production and make their farming more efficient.
Jobs that deal directly with resources at the bottom or first level. Examples include farming, fishing, mining, and forestry. Primary jobs involve collecting raw materials, like timber for immediate use to make a final product that you buy at the store.
Are things that are limited or in short supply, meaning there is not enough of them to satisfy everyone’s needs or wants.
A type of agriculture where farmers grow enough food to feed themselves and their families. Typically, not growing enough to sell. With this type of agriculture people are relying on their crops and livestock for survival.
The total value of all goods and services produced in a country during a specific time, usually a year. It measures how well a country’s economy is doing.This is an important way to compare the economic performance of different countries.
an economy that involves businesses competing against each other for consumer demand. Also known as capitalism.

30 Clues: Is the study of how people distribute their wealth • An economy that combines the features of a market and command economy. • An economy where the government controls the production of goods and services. • A disagreement between two or more countries, states, or regions about where their borders are located. • ...

Key Ideas to Retain and Why 2016-10-19

Key Ideas to Retain and Why crossword puzzle

Across

An anti-attitude that challenges getting missionaries into cities.
The common aspect that results in one of the most effective ways to communicate the gospel through E1 evangelism.
High issue that often causes missionaries to avoid cities.
Jesus said the end will come only after witnessing to all of these, so this reminds me what to watch for and work toward in the fulfillment of God's Kingdom coming.
Needed in mother tongues because paraphrases in a second language are inadequate and inaccurate.
William Carey might be remembered as a pioneer in this area, because he was the father of print technology in India.
Descriptor of the missionary task to establish viable indigenous church planting movement, so as not to be distracted by lesser goals that may delay or distract.
The Greek word that refers to ethinicities, languages, and extended families consituting the peoples of the earth in order to understand what is meant by nations.
The kind of servant William Carey might be remembered as, because he was not allowed to enter British India because the East India Company was against proselytizing Hindus.
How William Carey might be remembered, because he was the founder of the Agri-Horticultural Society in the 1820's.
How William Carey might be remembered, because he was the first man in India to write essays on forestry.
A way to engage in a missionary activity immediately by petitioning for the specific inhabitants of cities by making a list of cities, the people that inhabit those cities, and the specific needs of the people in those cities.
The kind of reformer William Carey might be remembered as, because he revived the ancient idea that ethic and mroality were inseparable from religion.
The revival, mirroring that of the same name in Europe, that William Carey might be thought of as the father of for India.
How William Carey might be remembered, because he introduced the study of astronomy as a way combat astrology and superstitions.
Missions that are in their final era reminds me that we live in an exciting time.
These churches help address the fact that people in another culture are often considered traitors for perceived rejection of family, community, and country.
Abbreviation for the bulk of individuals who live within the Muslim, Ethno-Religious, Hindu, and Buddhist blocs helps to remember who are still hidden.
How William Carey might be remembered, because Careya herbacea was named after him, one of three varieties of eucalyptus found only in India.
A very practical issue for urban missionaries in coping with social inequities and economic differences.
How William Carey might be remembered, because he introduced the idea of savings banks to India.
Remembered at Thanksgiving, and should be remembered as a description of people today, because wherever people are in place and time, the gospel offers them a home.
God's dominion that reminds me that the LORD's prayer is a prayer for God's purpose to be fulfilled whereby His name is glorified to all nations, and His will is done on earth as it is in heaven.

Down

Churches that need to be nutured, because they work pramatically and are rooted in the doctrine of creation.
An approach to people group thinking, pertaining particularly to cultures and affinities, that helps to sum up the task at hand.
An approach that helps to understand how to mobililize and prepare.
The kind of humanitarisn William Carey might be remembered as, because he led the campaign for humane treatment of leprosy patients.
William Carey might be remembered as a pioneer of this lending concept in India.
How William Carey might be remembered, because he was the first Englishman to introduce the steam engine to India.
Master different models of urban ministry in order to know how to pray and get involved.
An approach that defines the maximim sized group sufficiently unified to be the target of a single people movement to Christ, as this confers both advantages and cautions beyond the other three approaches.
Cultural focus to be affirmed because, as The Lord of the Rings suggests, "God's victory on Earth (or Middle-Earth) is incomplete unless and until the victory fills the 'small places."
An approach that helps with understanding preliminary evangelism steps to take in a pioneer mission field.
How William Carey might be remembered with regard to women's rights, because he was the first man to stand against widespread murders and oppression of women.
Common name for ethnic, racial, and other differences that calls for missionaries who enjoy being near many dissimilar people.
Religious philosophy, describing those that reject all religion or regard all religions as equally true, is often something with which missionaries to cities must contend.
Like Dora, delve into a particular city, because drilling down and gaining more knowledge about a city leads to understanding ways to advance Christ's Kingdom in particular neighborhoods.
Intangled in a way that leads to gaining valuable experience and testing my gifts for ministry.
How William Carey might be remembered, because he was the first to publish great Indian classics like Ramayana and Samkhya into English.
One out of a number of people on the planet that is a practicing Christian reminds me that amazing progress has been made, but there is work yet to be done.
How William Carey might be remembered, because he taught and began dozens of schools for Indian children of all castes.
Location of the new frontier of Christian missions, because many of the unreached have migrated from rural areas.
Necessary, like a plant, for my own spritual development and to develop a heart for missions.

43 Clues: High issue that often causes missionaries to avoid cities. • An anti-attitude that challenges getting missionaries into cities. • An approach that helps to understand how to mobililize and prepare. • William Carey might be remembered as a pioneer of this lending concept in India. • ...

Key Ideas to Retain and Why 2016-10-19

Across

William Carey might be remembered as a pioneer in this area, because he was the father of print technology in India.
Location of the new frontier of Christian missions, because many of the unreached have migrated from rural areas.
Churches that need to be nutured, because they work pramatically and are rooted in the doctrine of creation.
Abbreviation for the bulk of individuals who live within the Muslim, Ethno-Religious, Hindu, and Buddhist blocs helps to remember who are still hidden.
Necessary, like a plant, for my own spritual development and to develop a heart for missions.
Needed in mother tongues because paraphrases in a second language are inadequate and inaccurate.
How William Carey might be remembered, because he was the first man in India to write essays on forestry.
How William Carey might be remembered, because he was the founder of the Agri-Horticultural Society in the 1820's.
God's dominion that reminds me that the LORD's prayer is a prayer for God's purpose to be fulfilled whereby His name is glorified to all nations, and His will is done on earth as it is in heaven.
The Greek word that refers to ethinicities, languages, and extended families consituting the peoples of the earth in order to understand what is meant by nations.
William Carey might be remembered as a pioneer of this lending concept in India.
The revival, mirroring that of the same name in Europe, that William Carey might be thought of as the father of for India.
A way to engage in a missionary activity immediately by petitioning for the specific inhabitants of cities by making a list of cities, the people that inhabit those cities, and the specific needs of the people in those cities.
Religious philosophy, describing those that reject all religion or regard all religions as equally true, is often something with which missionaries to cities must contend.
An approach that defines the maximim sized group sufficiently unified to be the target of a single people movement to Christ, as this confers both advantages and cautions beyond the other three approaches.
An approach that helps with understanding preliminary evangelism steps to take in a pioneer mission field.
Descriptor of the missionary task to establish viable indigenous church planting movement, so as not to be distracted by lesser goals that may delay or distract.
How William Carey might be remembered, because Careya herbacea was named after him, one of three varieties of eucalyptus found only in India.
Missions that are in their final era reminds me that we live in an exciting time.
How William Carey might be remembered with regard to women's rights, because he was the first man to stand against widespread murders and oppression of women.
High issue that often causes missionaries to avoid cities.

Down

An approach to people group thinking, pertaining particularly to cultures and affinities, that helps to sum up the task at hand.
The kind of humanitarisn William Carey might be remembered as, because he led the campaign for humane treatment of leprosy patients.
The common aspect that results in one of the most effective ways to communicate the gospel through E1 evangelism.
Common name for ethnic, racial, and other differences that calls for missionaries who enjoy being near many dissimilar people.
Remembered at Thanksgiving, and should be remembered as a description of people today, because wherever people are in place and time, the gospel offers them a home.
Like Dora, delve into a particular city, because drilling down and gaining more knowledge about a city leads to understanding ways to advance Christ's Kingdom in particular neighborhoods.
How William Carey might be remembered, because he taught and began dozens of schools for Indian children of all castes.
How William Carey might be remembered, because he introduced the idea of savings banks to India.
An approach that helps to understand how to mobililize and prepare.
How William Carey might be remembered, because he was the first to publish great Indian classics like Ramayana and Samkhya into English.
Jesus said the end will come only after witnessing to all of these, so this reminds me what to watch for and work toward in the fulfillment of God's Kingdom coming.
How William Carey might be remembered, because he was the first Englishman to introduce the steam engine to India.
The kind of reformer William Carey might be remembered as, because he revived the ancient idea that ethic and mroality were inseparable from religion.
The kind of servant William Carey might be remembered as, because he was not allowed to enter British India because the East India Company was against proselytizing Hindus.
Cultural focus to be affirmed because, as The Lord of the Rings suggests, "God's victory on Earth (or Middle-Earth) is incomplete unless and until the victory fills the 'small places."
An anti-attitude that challenges getting missionaries into cities.
Intangled in a way that leads to gaining valuable experience and testing my gifts for ministry.
How William Carey might be remembered, because he introduced the study of astronomy as a way combat astrology and superstitions.
These churches help address the fact that people in another culture are often considered traitors for perceived rejection of family, community, and country.
A very practical issue for urban missionaries in coping with social inequities and economic differences.
Master different models of urban ministry in order to know how to pray and get involved.
One out of a number of people on the planet that is a practicing Christian reminds me that amazing progress has been made, but there is work yet to be done.

AP Human Geography Crossword 2019-06-05

AP Human Geography Crossword crossword puzzle

Across

The north-south lines that separate townships (Unit 1, ?)
a subset of the tertiary sector, it includes service jobs concerned with administration, and processing and disseminating information (Unit 6, ?)
pastoral practice of seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pasture lands (Unit 5, ?)
Sector-A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land (Unit 5, CC)
A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that black families will soon move into the neighborhood. (Unit 7, CC)
The downtown or nucleus of a city where retail stores, offices, and cultural activities are concentrated; building densities are usually quite high; and transportation systems converge. This area has a large influence over its surrounding areas and holds economic power. (Unit 7, Important)
The process by which an individual is compelled to leave their home due to an adversity that is usually natural and out of their control, such as the Dust Bowl or economic struggles. (Unit 2, CC)
the fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a common national or cultural tradition. (Unit 4, CC)
a large body of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a particular country or territory. (Unit 4, CC)
Process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power. (Unit 4, ?)
German economic geographer who developed a model for the location of secondary industries in his Theory of the Location of Industries, published in 1909. He influenced the layouts of future cities. (Unit 6, Important)
An individual forced to leave his or her home due to an internal conflict in their country but remains within their country’s borders. (Unit 2, ?)
The geographic study of human-environment relationships (Unit 1, ?)
The process in which a minority group adapts and changes to a dominant culture but still retains some of their own cultural distinctiveness. (Unit 3, CC)
insurance companies, etc., refuse or limit loans, mortgages, insurance, etc., within specific geographic areas, especially inner-city neighborhoods. (Unit 7, CC)
satisfy the needs of the urban residents themselves (Unit 7,
The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for subsistence or economic gain. This concept allowed for settlements to establish and jobs to specialize, as there became more than enough food available. (Unit 5, Important)
The process in which a minority group loses its culture to a dominant culture (Unit 3, CC))

Down

The number of people under the age of 15 and over the age of 64 compared to the number of people partaking in the labor force. (Unit 2, ?)
The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and a low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, a low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population. This process is portrayed by a commonly recognized model. This concept is important to understand as many countries have either already transitioned into the developed stages of the model, are striving to enter development, or are struggling to develop and remain in the lower stages of the model. (Unit 2, Importnat))
A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality (Unit 4, ?)
The beliefs, behaviors, and characteristics of a particular group (Unit 3, Important))
Economic activity involving the processing of raw materials and their transformation into finished industrial products. (Unit 5, ?)
The expansion of economic, political, and cultural processes to the point that they become global in scale and impact; this process is inevitable and continues to occur as the exchange of goods, services, information, and cultures becomes easier around the globe. (Unit 1, Important))
Using capitalism, globalization and/or cultural imperialism to influence a developing or weaker country instead of the previous colonial methods of direct military control or indirect political control (Unit 3, ?)
The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry (Unit 5, CC)
the zone of greatest concentration or homogeneity of the culture traits that characterize a region. This area holds a massive influence over its surrounding area in economic, political, and social aspects. (Unit 4, Important)
The process by which an individual is enforced to leave their home due to conflict, often violent and between authorities. (Unit 2, CC)
the total value of all goods and services produced within a country during a given year. (Unit 6, CC)
government-designated areas in China where foreign investment is allowed and capitalistic ventures are encouraged (Unit 6, ?)
an established language that comes to be spoken and understood between people who do not share a common language. For example, most of the nations around the world recognize English as a ___________. (Unit 3, ?)
the outer most zone of the Concentric Zone Model that represents people who choose to live in residential suburbia and take a daily commute in the CBD to work. (Unit 7, ?)
The physical characteristics of a place (Unit 1, CC)
The locational importance of a place relative to other places (Unit 1, CC)
the total value of all goods and services produced by a country's economy in a year (Unit 6, CC)

35 Clues: The physical characteristics of a place (Unit 1, CC) • The north-south lines that separate townships (Unit 1, ?) • satisfy the needs of the urban residents themselves (Unit 7, • The geographic study of human-environment relationships (Unit 1, ?) • The locational importance of a place relative to other places (Unit 1, CC) • ...

APHUGPUZZLE-RYANCOLINO.P3 2022-05-13

APHUGPUZZLE-RYANCOLINO.P3 crossword puzzle

Across

Approximate measurement of the physical space between two places (idk)- unit 1
A situation where a dominant social or cultural group takes an expression, idea, or product from an oppressed cultural group and uses it for its own benefit. This term spreads more social inequality and racism. Sadly it's more popular now than ever, especially among celebrities. (VIT)- unit 3
Where a large number of businesses are located. This term is used in multiple sector models and helps show urban planning of cities. (VIT)- unit 5
The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. (cc)- unit 2
A process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the boundaries. (idk)- unit 6
Seeks to encourage local community development and sustainable growth in an urban area. The term is used to affect the environment positively in the future, and for people to lead a cleaner, healthier life. (VIT)- unit 6
A state where laws are administered uniformly by one central government. (cc)- unit 4
Where the settlement is in relation to other settlements and the features of the surrounding area. (cc)- unit 1
The process through which people lose originally differentiating traits, such as dress, speech particularities or mannerisms, when they come into contact with another society or culture. (cc)- unit 3
The processes of change in artifacts, customs, and beliefs that result from the contact of a minority culture and two or more other cultures. (cc)- unit 3
a more flexible set of production practices in which the components of goods are made in different places around the globe and then brought together is needed to meet market demand-brings places closer together in time and space. (idk)-unit 7
Burning a portion of forest so that the soil there can be used for agricultural purposes. (cc)- unit 5
A period of rapid development of industry that started in Great Britain in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. This term was the cause of the growth in factories as well as the mass production of goods. (VIT)- unit 7
The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry. (cc)- unit 7
The study of death rates or the actual ability of an individual to die. (cc)- unit 2
A large cluster of Megacities that have a population of greater than 20 million people. (cc)- unit 6
Large pools of water, either natural or manmade, that provide a source of water for people in a specific geographic area. (idk)- unit 5
The homogenizing impact on local culture and economics caused by increased interaction between geographically distinct regions. This term increases cultural exchanges between countries and also increases the amount of cross-trade services, goods, technology, ideas, etc… (VIT)- unit 1
The portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials. (cc)- unit 7
The seasonal movement of livestock (herding) between mountains and lowland pastures. (idk)- unit 5
Describes changing population patterns in terms of fertility, life expectancy, mortality, and leading causes of death. (idk)-unit 2
A country where governmental authority is shared among a central government and various other smaller, regional authorities. (cc)- unit 4

Down

A ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area. (idk)- unit 6
A form of mass production in which each worker is assigned one specific task to perform repeatedly. (idk)- unit 7
Forceful extension of a nation's authority by conquest or by establishing economic and political domination of other nations that aren't its colonies. (idk)-unit 4
Organization comprising multiple member countries with shared objectives and cooperation in political, economic, and/or sociocultural spheres. This term is important because it is affecting countries today, an example of this would be the EU . (VIT)- unit 4
A division of a branch that unites a number of local congregations in a single legal and administrative body. (idk)-unit 3
The composite or generally prevailing weather conditions of a region, as temperature, air pressure, humidity, precipitation, sunshine, cloudiness, and winds, throughout the year, averaged over a series of years. This is an important term due to the fact that it affects our lifestyles, food, clothes, culture, and even our health. (VIT)- unit 2
Directions based on people's surroundings and perception. (idk)-unit 1
A political movement that is strongly tied to nationalism. (idk)-unit 4
The exact location of a city, you can find it on a map. (cc)- unit 1
The idea that ethical and moral standards should be formulated and adhered to for life on Earth, not to accommodate the prescriptions of deity and promise of a comfortable afterlife. (idk)-unit 3
A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to the other; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period. (cc)- unit 5
A very large city, typically one with a population of over ten million people. (cc)- unit 6
Types of push or pull factors that influence a migrant's decision to go where family or friends have already found success. (idk)-unit 2

35 Clues: The exact location of a city, you can find it on a map. (cc)- unit 1 • Directions based on people's surroundings and perception. (idk)-unit 1 • A political movement that is strongly tied to nationalism. (idk)-unit 4 • Approximate measurement of the physical space between two places (idk)- unit 1 • ...

Chapter 3 Human Population Keywords 2022-10-10

Across

The youth dependency ratio is a measure of the young dependents (age 0 – 14) in a population, people younger than the age of 15 in relation to the working–age population (15 - 64 years old) as a ratio.
refers to the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system.
The rate at which the population replaces itself from one generation to the next (excluding migration).
The study of how and why populations change in size and how they can be managed.
The number of children, per 1000 live births, that die under the age of five in a population in a year.
The number of deaths per thousand people in the population, per year.
The dependency ratio is the measure of the dependents (non-working) portion of the population (age groups 0-14 and 65+) compared to the total independent (working) portion of the population ( 15 - 64 years). The ratio is expressed as the number of dependents per hundred people in the workforce.
The difference between the number of people entering a country (immigration) and the number of people leaving a country (emigration).
Where a family or people produce sufficient food for themselves, they do not have extra produce to sell.
15-49 years old
species that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the food, habitat, water, and other necessities available in the environment.
The way in which the population is spread out across a given area.
These are factors that are causing people to leave an area. They may include factors such as war, drought, floods or the lack of housing, food, education, jobs or a poor standard of living.
hypothesized that unchecked population growth would quickly exceed carrying capacity, leading to overpopulation and social problems (famine/war).
To estimate the number of years for a population to double, take the number 70 and divide it by the growth rate of the population.
To leave one community or area in order to settle in another area.
The average age that a new-born child is expected to live to.
Land or a climate that has little or no rainfall. It is too dry to support vegetation.
People migrating into a country
A policy that discourages human reproduction.
The number of live births per 1000 women (age 15–49) in the population, per year.
A population with a high percentage of old people (aged 65 years or older).
The change in the size of a population due to birth rates, death rates and net migration rates.
Industry that converts raw materials such as farming or mining products into products for sale. The manufacturing industry.

Down

People migrating out of a country.
The total dependency ratio is a measure of both the young (age 0 – 14 years) and old dependents (age 65 and older) added together to show their number versus the independent population (15 - 64 year olds). The ratio is expressed as the total number of dependents (young and old) per hundred people in the workforce.
(TFR) the average number of children a woman would have assuming that current age-specific birth rates remain constant throughout her childbearing years.
industry such as mining, agriculture, fishing or forestry that is harvesting raw materials.
The old dependency ratio is the number of old dependents (age 65+) in a population, people older than 64 in relation to the working-age population (15 - 64 years old) as a ratio. The ratio is expressed as the total number of old dependents per hundred people in the workforce.
hypothesized that food production can & will increase to match the needs of the population; improved farming methods & new technologies enable this to happen.
equals the CBR – CDR.
The number of males and females within different age groups in a given population.
A policy that promotes human reproduction.
When water soaks into soils, removing the minerals and nutrients and reducing their ability to support plant life.
The change in the size of a population due to birth and death rates.
(CBR) the number of live births occurring among the population of a given geographical area during a given year
The branch of medical care dealing with children and childhood diseases.
The number of live births per thousand people in the population, per year. Also known as the crude birth rate as it does not take age or gender into account.
is a graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population (typically that of a country or region of the world), which forms the shape of a pyramid when the population is growing.
A medical procedure used to make a person unable to have children.
The number of people living in a square kilometre (or other unit of area).
A population with a high percentage of young people (15 years or younger).
The movement of peoples from one place in the world to another.
based on averages; the number of years that someone is expected to live from a specific starting point; it changes as one grows older, and faces different risks.
The average number of children born alive to a woman in her lifetime.
The difference between the birth rates and death rates, and the change in numbers due to migration, in a population.
of a biological species in an environment is the maximum population size of
The number of infant deaths for every 1000 live births, of children under the age of one.
The difference between the birth rates and death rates in a population; natural increase differs from overallincrease.
To move into an area or region in order to settle down and live.

50 Clues: 15-49 years old • equals the CBR – CDR. • People migrating into a country • People migrating out of a country. • A policy that promotes human reproduction. • A policy that discourages human reproduction. • The average age that a new-born child is expected to live to. • The movement of peoples from one place in the world to another. • ...

Economics and Business 2022-05-30

Across

The sequence of processes involved in the production and distribution of a commodity.
At higher prices, sellers will supply more of an economic good.
A monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced by a country
A business going beyond the law to have a positive impact on society and reduce the negative impact on the environment.
Specific objectives related to the financial position of the business, such as profit or surplus, sales, and market share.
The ownership of a fraction of a corporation
This sector is made up of all bodies in national, state, and local governments. They receive taxation revenue from households and businesses. • They spend this money on public goods and services, such as roads, parks, schools, and hospitals.
A a deceptive scheme or trick used to cheat someone out of something, especially money.
The quantity of goods and services that producers are willing to offer for sale.
Something that will be used further along the production chain, such as flour made from wheat.
Unlimited number of shareholders & shares sold on the stock exchange.
Where a person uses information that is not yet available to the public to gain an advantage for themselves in the trading of financial products.
The economic problem of having unlimited needs and wants, but limited resources that can be used to achieve them.
An amount of money borrowed by one party from another.
A good or service that is desired, but which is not necessary for survival or to meet the basic standard of living in a community.
A forecast of projected income and expenses for a given period.
Tangible (physical) items that can be seen and touched and which satisfy individual and societal needs and wants.
A person or a group that is the final user of goods and services produced within an economy.
When the consumer obtains the finished product or service, such as retail.
These are currencies only available in a digital or electronic form, and not in the physical form
2-50 shareholders only & shares can only be traded with the permission of other shareholders.
A good or service that consumers consider necessary to maintain their standard of living.
The percentage of people in the labour force who are unemployed
This sector is made up of banks and other financial institutions in the economy. They receive savings from households and businesses. They help households and businesses invest by lending them money.

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Resources that come from nature, from above or below the ground. These can include coal, fish, wood etc.
The use of raw materials. Includes farming, forestry, fishing, and mining.
Goods or services sold by one country to another country with the aim of extending sales and market penetration.
An advantage that a business holds over others in its industry, sector, or location.
The quantity of a good, or a service, that consumers are willing and able to purchase at a particular point in time.
A business owned and operated by one person.
Intellectual or physical skills of a worker that are needed to make a good or provide a service. This can include a store manager, bricklayer or nurse.
The value of the next best alternative that is foregone whenever a choice is made.
An arrangement by which a company provides a guarantee of compensation for specified loss, damage, illness, or death in return for payment.
At higher prices, buyers will demand less of an economic good.
Expenses that represent those daily spending decisions like eating at a restaurant and drinking Starbucks.
Specific objectives related to the wellbeing of the community and or the environment.
When people choose between alternatives and use their scarce resources for those items that best satisfy their wants.
Consumer rights such as your right to a repair, replacement, or refund as well as compensation and being able to cancel a faulty service.
When products produced in the primary stage are made into various intermediate goods and finished goods.
This sector is made up of all businesses in the economy. They produce output (goods and services), which they sell to consumers and receive revenue. They may borrow money from, or save money with, the financial sector. They pay taxes to the Government.
The rate at which prices increase over time, resulting in a fall in the purchasing value of money.
A sum of money paid regularly by a company to its shareholders out of its profits.
An individual, group or organisation that has a vested interest in a business.
Putting money aside to spend at a later date.
Expenses that cost the same amount each month. These bills cannot easily be changed and are usually paid on a regular basis.
The total personal income minus personal current taxes.
All activities undertaken for the purpose of the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services in a region or country.
An unincorporated business structure with a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 20 owners.
Regular payments (9.5%) made into a fund by an employee towards a future pension.
Manmade resources such as machinery, buildings, roads, and bridges that are used to produce and transport the goods and services we purchase.
This sector is made up of individuals in the economy. They provide their time and skills to firms in exchange for income. They are consumers who buy goods and services from Firms. They may borrow from, or save money with, the financial sector. They pay taxes to the Government.
A good that is ready to be sold to its final consumer, such as a chocolate bar.
Individuals and businesses involved in the production of goods and services.
An individual who starts or takes over control of a business or independent organisation, often employing initiative, innovation and risk-taking.
Goods and services that are produced overseas and sold to Australian consumers.

55 Clues: A business owned and operated by one person. • The ownership of a fraction of a corporation • Putting money aside to spend at a later date. • An amount of money borrowed by one party from another. • The total personal income minus personal current taxes. • At higher prices, buyers will demand less of an economic good. • ...

Chelsea Stallcup Blue 3 2019-04-07

Chelsea Stallcup Blue 3 crossword puzzle

Across

Core area of a region, where most (social, economic or other) activity takes place. (7 IDK)
Area of a country that has a degree of freedom from an external authority. (4 CC)
The cultivation, processing, and sale of fruits, nuts, vegetables, ornamental plants, and flowers as well as many additional services. (5 IDK)
The population density measured as the number of people per unit area of land. (2 IDK)
The science and art of cultivating plants and livestock. This unit is based of rural land use and the growth of livestock and plants so this is the most important term in the section. (5 VIT)
Set of research and technology transfer initiatives occurring between 1950 and the late 1960s, that increased agricultural production worldwide, particularly in the developing world, beginning most markedly in the late 1960s. (5 IDK)
Provides a definite reference to locate a place. The reference can be latitude and longitude, a street address, or even the Township and Range system. (1 CC)
A map in which some thematic mapping variable – such as travel time, population, or GNP – is substituted for land area or distance. The geometry or space of the map is distorted, sometimes extremely, in order to convey the information of this alternate variable. (1 IDK)
The expansion of economic, political, and cultural processes to the point that they become global in scale and impact. It's an important term because it demonstrates the influence of different groups of people and ideas across varying areas, and this unit focuses on mapping and the location and placement of people.(1 VIT)
Statistic composite index of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. (6 CC)
Process by which ideas are rapidly spread through a population, rather than needing to be carried to places by people (3 CC)
Displaced person who has been forced to cross national boundaries and who cannot return home safely. (2 CC)
Based on historical population trends of two demographic characteristics – birth rate and death rate – to suggest that a country's total population growth rate cycles through stages as that country develops economically. I think this is the most important topic in the unit because the entire unit is basically based off the model and the information taken from the model. (2 VIT)
Population shift from rural areas to urban areas, the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas, and the ways in which each society adapts to this change. The unit surrounds this term entirely covering the issues and characteristics of cities. (7 VIT)
The behaviors and belied characteristics of a particular group. The entire unit is solely based on this terms patterns in humans and their space, therefore it is the most important term in this section. (3 VIT)
process by which an economy is transformed from primarily agricultural to one based on the manufacturing of goods. This term is the foundation for the entire unit, because the unit is based on the development of our economy. (6 VIT)
Policy or ideology of extending a nation's rule over foreign nations, often by military force or by gaining political and economic control of other areas. (3 IDK)
Practice intended to establish a political advantage for a particular party or group by manipulating district boundaries. (4 IDK)
Full right and power of a governing body over itself, without any interference from outside sources or bodies. (4 CC)
Patterns of discrimination that affect a person's ability to rent or buy housing. This can lead to spatial inequality and racial segregation, which, in turn, can exacerbate wealth disparities between certain groups. (7 CC)
Agreement in which one company hires another company to be responsible for a planned or existing activity that is or could be done internally, and sometimes involves transferring employees and assets from one firm to another. (6 IDK)

Down

Any place where certain related changes in land-use appeared due to human domestication of plants and animals. (3 IDK)
Total domestic and foreign output claimed by residents of a country, consisting of gross domestic product, plus factor incomes earned by foreign residents, minus income earned in the domestic economy by nonresidents. (6 IDK)
Systematic denial of various services to residents of specific, often racially associated, neighborhoods or communities, either directly or through the selective raising of prices. (7 CC)
Someone who is forced to flee his or her home but who remains within his or her country's borders. (2 CC)
When innovations spread to new places while staying strong in their original locations. (3 CC)
Describes the human and physical characteristics of a location. (1 CC)
Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition. (2 IDK)
Fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city, or other area, including the services and facilities necessary for its economy to function. (7 IDK)
Measures inequality between men and women, the higher the score the higher the inequality between the genders. (6 CC)
A branch of geography that focuses on people, dealing with how human activity affects or is influenced by the earth's surface. (1 IDK)
Establishments primarily engaged in growing crops, raising animals, and harvesting fish and other animals from a farm, ranch, or their natural habitats. (5 CC)
Any industry involved in the extraction and collection of natural resources; such as farming, forestry, mining, and fishing. (5 CC)
Designed to show governmental boundaries of countries, states, and counties, the location of major cities, and they usually include significant bodies of water. Since this unit is about politics and how they affect our space, the organization of them is the most important topic in this section. (4 VIT)
Process of drawing electoral district boundaries in the United States. (4 IDK)

35 Clues: Describes the human and physical characteristics of a location. (1 CC) • Process of drawing electoral district boundaries in the United States. (4 IDK) • Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition. (2 IDK) • Area of a country that has a degree of freedom from an external authority. (4 CC) • ...

Population 2021-06-29

Across

The process involving people leaving a country to go and live in another country e.g. Exiting a country
A long term change in birth rates and death rates that can be plotted on a graph (model)
The average age that people can expect to live to in a certain population
A high number of people in a small area
A person born during the period of the WW2 baby boom e.g. 1945 - 1960 when there was a dramatic increase in the birth rate
People putting a high regard on material goods e.g. houses, cars, overseas holidays
The Maori term for migration
A description of how people are spread in an area i.e. the distribution pattern of people in a region or country
The number of babies born per thousand people in a population per year
When the population grows because there are more births than deaths. It is a rate/000.
spiral Growth of a region due to more people spending money and investing in it
The difference between the number of emigrants and the number of immigrants
Around the outside or edge e.g. the outskirts of a city
The journey from a person's home to their place of work
The act of taking medication either orally or by injection to protect a person against disease
Looking after things today so that they will last into the future
The cultural and racial group a person belongs to
In the countryside
Factors that make it more difficult for a migrant to move from their home to their new destination e.g. language
from small villages to large cities, usually refers to cities and towns
The movement of skilled, professional people who are educated in one country and who then move to another for work e.g. Young people moving from New Zealand to Australia
Where something or someone has come from
Factors that were made or modified by people (as compared to natural)
The proportion of people in the population who rely on others to provide their basic needs (food, shelter, clothing) e.g. children and the elderly. This is usual expressed as a ratio of dependent people to working people
Economic decline due to less money circulating in a region
Buying and renovating houses in run down urban neighborhoods by wealthier families or individuals, thus improving property values but often displacing low-income families and small businesses
A sudden dramatic rise in the number of people in a population
Reasons that make a person want to leave a place
The use of machinery on a farm e.g. the introduction of a new milking shed that reduces the need for workers

Down

The number of people per square kilometre
Migration in small changes rather than one big one. It usually means movement from village to small town, then to a larger town, and then to a city
The number of infants under the age of 5 who die per 1000 infants born in a year
A triangular shaped graph showing the number or proportion of men and women in different age groups
The movement of people from South to North in New Zealand especially from the South Island to the North Island
The process involving people coming into a country to live
The spread of a city outwards on to rural areas as the population of the city grows eg Botany
When a population continues to increase despite reduced birth rates e.g. China in the 1980's and 1990's
All communications and services that enable an area to function e.g. roads, water, electricity and sewerage
Reasons that attract a person to that place
The place a person is travelling to
A process when smaller farms are joined together to make larger more profitable farms. Also applies to factories.
A survey that counts the number of people present in a region or country on a particular day
The part of the economy that produces raw materials e.g. farming, fishing, forestry and mining
Subdividing large older properties and putting an additional house(s) on the property
The part of the economy that provides services to the other sectors of the economy e.g. insurance, banking, education
The movement of people from one area to another to live
Well spread out e.g. an area with few people in it
An area of space defined by a particular characteristic e.g. location (West Coast) or relief (Southern Alps)
The number of people who die per thousand people in a population per year
Zero Population Growth is when the birth rate is lower than or the same as the death rate.
A city gradually spreading out into rural areas as new suburbs are added at the edge of a city e.g. Dannemora
The distribution of natural and/or cultural features on the earth's surface. The way features are arranged or set out.
The proportion of males to females in a population
The part of the economy that turns raw materials into finished products, manufacturing e.g. factory turns wool into carpet
A large city that dominates a region
Differences in shape and height of the land e.g. mountains, plains, hills, plateaux
Movement of people within a country to live somewhere different
A type of map where dots are used to show the numbers of things in a certain area e.g. a dot may represent 1000 people
Factors that were not made or modified by people (as compared to cultural). Eg rivers, soil, mountains.
The Maori term for settlement
An operation to prevent a man or woman from having children
the increase in the percentage of the population living in urban areas. Due to natural increase and migration.
A type of map where areas are shaded from light to dark to show increasing values

63 Clues: In the countryside • The Maori term for migration • The Maori term for settlement • The place a person is travelling to • A large city that dominates a region • A high number of people in a small area • Where something or someone has come from • The number of people per square kilometre • Reasons that attract a person to that place • ...

Fire and Trees 2024-07-23

Across

a long and narrow casing filled with seeds that grows on some specific plants, such as beans, peas, carob trees, catalpa trees…
a forestry process where diseased or lower quality trees are cut to give other trees more room to grow successfully.
a spike of flowers with no petals, as on the willow.
the section of a tree, from the base of the trunk to the first branch.
the third layer of vascular tissue. It is made up of thick-walled cells that, like phloem, transport sap from the roots to the crown. It represents the young wood of the tree and is light in color. As its cells age, they become inactive and turn into the tree's heartwood.
the removal or cutting back of twigs or branches, sometimes applied to twigs or small branches only, but often used to describe most activities involving the cutting of trees or shrubs.
these rays radiate out from the center of the tree, and serve in lateral conduction and as food storage areas. They are most visible in a cross-sectional view of the tree trunk.
a pine tree's leaf that is thin and hard
the process of felling most or all trees in an often large area. It typically leads to open land where just tree stumps and tree remains are left behind.
the core of the trunk and the primary source of nourishment for the young plant. Also known as medulla, it constitutes a soft, porous tissue within the stems of vascular plants.
these typically extend horizontally or upward from the trunk. Large ones are known as boughs and smaller ones as twigs. They support foliage growth.
the small, reproductive units of a tree.
fire the knowledgeable and controlled application of fire to a specific area to accomplish planned resource management objectives. These fires are managed in such a way as to minimize the emission of smoke and maximize the benefits to the site.
(of trees, shrubs, etc.) having green leaves throughout the entire year, the leaves of the past season not being shed until after the new foliage has been completely formed.
small branches or divisions of branches.
the removal of the tree canopy, back to the stem or primary branches. It may involve the removal of the entire canopy in one operation, or may be phased over several years.
(biology) the process of producing plant seeds by transferring a powdery substance from one plant to the other
smaller leaf units which together form a compound leaf.
a layer of vegetation beneath the main canopy of woodland or forest or plants forming this.
the underground part of a tree that anchors it to the ground and absorbs water and nutrients.

Down

a new growth on a tree or plant or the part of a plant that starts to appear above the ground because it is growing
hard, rigid extensions or modifications of leaves, roots, stems, or buds with sharp, stiff ends, and generally serve the same function: physically defending plants against herbivory.
the hard, cement-like constituent of wood cells
a broad term encompassing leaves, including needles on pines and scale-like materials on junipers. It is often green.
the top of the tree.
term used to describe all broadleaved trees. These tree species are deciduous. Despite the term, some of them such as the aspens, have wood that is relatively soft.
a visible pattern of smoke resulting from emissions from a stack, flue, or chimney.
a standing dead tree or part of a dead tree from which at least the smaller branches have fallen.
the reproductive structures of conifer trees, producing seeds.
the uppermost part of the forest floor consisting of freshly fallen or slightly decomposed organic materials.
the green, flat structures on branches where photosynthesis occurs.
the densest, heaviest part of the trunk, often the darkest in color. It primarily provides strength and support to the tree. Moreover, it is essential in tree physiology, as it serves as a storehouse for sugars and oils.
the protective outer layer of a tree’s trunk and branches.
small, undeveloped shoots that can grow into branches or flowers.
the thick, central stem of a tree that supports branches and leaves.
(of trees and shrubs) shedding all leaves annually at the end of the growing season and then having a dormant period without leaves
an outer growth layer that creates both sapwood and phloem, which, in turn, increases the tree's thickness. In climates with distinct seasons, the tree adds a new layer each growing season. This expansion of the girth of the trunk (and branches) produces annual rings that can be interpreted by coring or felling to determine the tree's age.
also called shrub, a small-to-medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, they have persistent woody stems above the ground. They can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees by their multiple stems and shorter height.
a collective term that refers to stands of vegetation dominated by shrubby, woody plants, or low-growing trees, usually of a type undesirable for livestock or timber management.
the next layer after the cambium tissue and before the bark. Its purpose is to move sap that has been transformed from leaf photosynthesis and contains sugar around the tree and back down to the roots.
an unplanned fire - including unauthorized human-caused fires - occurring on forest or range lands, burning forest vegetation, grass, brush, scrub, peat lands, or a prescribed fire set under regulation which spreads beyond the area authorized for burning.
fuel a type of fuel that provides vertical continuity between strata, thereby allowing fire to carry from surface fuels into the crowns of trees or shrubs with relative ease. They help initiate and assure the continuation of crowning.
the base of a tree remaining after it has been cut or fallen.

43 Clues: the top of the tree. • a pine tree's leaf that is thin and hard • the small, reproductive units of a tree. • small branches or divisions of branches. • the hard, cement-like constituent of wood cells • a spike of flowers with no petals, as on the willow. • smaller leaf units which together form a compound leaf. • ...

Unit 5 Vocabulary - Crossword Creation 2022-04-15

Unit 5 Vocabulary - Crossword Creation crossword puzzle

Across

school - a publicly funded independent school established by teachers, parents, or community groups under the terms of a charter with a local or national authority.
- A system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.
Elite - a small group of people who control a disproportionate amount of power, wealth, and privilege and access to decision-makers in a political system.
- A family consisting of a couple and their children from this and all previous relationships.
Education - Any form of education or teaching that incorporates the histories, texts, values, beliefs, and perspectives of people from different cultural backgrounds.
- A government or the holding of power by people selected on the basis of their ability.
- A couple and their dependent children, regarded as a basic social unit.
- A formal organizations, typically created through acquisitions or mergers and serve to diversify risk.
system - a system of production, resource allocation and distribution of goods and services within a society or a given geographic area.
- a market structure where a few, large firms control most of the market.
Corporation - a business that is legally independent from its members.
Model - a way of organizing people so there are clear reporting relationships from the top to the bottom of the organizational chart.
- the concept that the state alone has the right to use or authorize the use of physical force.
- a concept whose development is most often associated with the German sociologist Max Weber who saw it as a particular form of power
Economic System - a market system of resource allocation, commerce, and trade in which free markets coexist with government intervention.
- an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.
System - a plan in which each school-age child receives a publicly funded entitlement worth a fixed amount of money with which his or her parents can select a participating public or private school.
Curriculum - learning that is synthesized across traditional subject areas and learning experiences that are designed to be mutually reinforcing.
- an egalitarian form of government in which all the citizens of a nation determine public policy, the laws, and the actions of their state together.
- to bring to or make of an established standard size, weight, quality, strength, or the like
- A system of society or government ruled by a woman or women.
Sector - a wide range of activities from commerce to administration, transport, financial and real estate activities, business and personal services, education, health and social work.
modeling - A branch of the modeling industry that features models who do not conform to mainstream ideals of beauty.
- A government ruled by a typically hereditary head of state either as a figurehead or absolute leader.
- relating to or believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.
Learning - the process of breaking a classroom of students into small groups so they can discover a new concept together and help each other learn.

Down

Model - an egalitarian form of government in which all the citizens of a nation determine public policy, the laws, and the actions of their state together, requiring that all citizens have an equal opportunity to express their opinion.
Desegregation - to end by law the separation of members of different races desegregate schools.
Tier - An occupational structure composed of a large firms dominating their industries.
Sector - A part of the economy that transforms the raw materials into goods for sale or consumption.
equality - every student should have the same access to a high quality education regardless of where they come from.
Directorates - the linkage between corporations that result when an individual serves on the board of directors of two companies
- a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.
- A family that extends beyond the nuclear family, including grandparents, aunts, uncles, and other relatives, who all live nearby or in one household.
Corporations - any corporation that is registered and operates in more than one country at a time.
schooling - the structured education system that runs from primary (and in some countries from nursery) school to university, and includes specialised programmes for vocational, technical and professional training.
market - an unregulated system of economic exchange, in which taxes, quality controls, quotas, tariffs, and other forms of centralized economic interventions by government either do not exist or are minimal.
- an activity in which one engages.
- A type of government in which one individual or a small group has authority over the government or people of a country or State.
Profit School - a college owned and operated by a private company or business.
- A system of society or government in which the father or eldest male is head of the family and descent is traced through the male line.
Function - any function of an institution or other social phenomenon that is planned and intentional.
Classroom - an approach to elementary education that emphasizes spacious classrooms where learning is informally structured, flexible, and individualized.
- an entity or individual's ability to control or direct others, while authority is influence that is predicated on perceived legitimacy.
- A system of centralized government in which the State has total authority over society and manipulates all aspects of culture including the arts, in order to control the private lives and morality of its citizens.
- a society, system of government, or organization that has different groups that keep their identities while existing with other groups or a more dominant group.
- despotic power exercised by a small and privileged group for corrupt or selfish purposes.
education - educational programs intended to make up for experiences (such as cultural experiences) lacked by disadvantaged children.
Sector - An economy includes any industry involved in the extraction and production of raw materials, such as farming, logging, hunting, fishing, forestry and mining.
schools a public school offering special instruction and programs not available elsewhere, designed to attract a more diverse student body from throughout a school district.
Tier - an occupational structure composed of smaller, less profitable firms.
Function - any function of an institution or other social phenomenon that is unintentional and often unrecognized.
Corporations - a corporation the ownership of which is held through publicly traded securities, and that is incorporated under, and subject to, the laws of a national, state, or territorial government.

53 Clues: - an activity in which one engages. • - A system of society or government ruled by a woman or women. • Corporation - a business that is legally independent from its members. • - A couple and their dependent children, regarded as a basic social unit. • - a market structure where a few, large firms control most of the market. • ...

interconnected world 2023-04-20

Across

Index The index designed by the United Nations to measure the basic contentment of people living in a particular country. Prior to the HDI, a country's worth used to be measured by how much money it accrued to However, governments began to realize there were more factors involved in a country's .
After World War II, many Western countries could no longer afford to manage and rule over the countries they had colonized in the past. They were also receiving pressure from two emerging superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, who opposed colonization. Over the next few decades, European powers removed themselves .
often looks and sounds different from American movies, as they tend to focus less on reality and more on melodrama. This is expressed through intricate dances and music. When India gained its independence from Great Britain.
There is small and close together, and populations are not large. When urbanization began towns grew larger, and some grew large enough that they came to be called cities.
The cultural elements, such as customs, ideas, and religions, from one group to another. Academics believe there are three basic ways that cultures spread from one place or group to another. The first way is direct contact. Two societies that live near each other may have direct contact through trade.
The minimally regulated free-market and laissez-faire systems where state activity is restricted to providing public goods and services and safeguarding private to interventionist forms where the government plays an active role in correcting market failures and promoting social welfare.
The development and therefore a relatively low standard of living.
The duty or customs duty, is a tax that is placed on imported goods when they enter a country. Tariffs are usually collected to help domestic industries. When a tariff is placed on an imported good, it often raises the price of that good for consumers, making them more likely to buy a similar good that has been produced domestically.
The secondary sector includes manufacturing activities, which may be referred to as secondary production. Turning iron ore into steel, producing textiles, and assembling automobiles are examples of secondary production. All of these activities transform raw materials into goods.
The total value of goods and services sold during a period of time, usually a year in other words, they have a high overall income. Because of this the income per capita, or total income in relation to the population, tends to be higher in developed countries. So an industrialized country tends to make more money, which usually means that most people in the country have enough.
The Immigration policy is called the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). The INA allows the United States to grant up to 675,000 permanent immigrant visas each year across various visa categories. On top of those 675,000 visas, the INA sets no limit on the annual admission of U.S. citizens’ spouses, parents, and children under the age of 21.
The people's quality of life based on the goods and services that are available to them. Factors that determine people's standard of living include whether they have housing and food, as well as access to education, transportation, utilities, and health care. A high rate of literacy is also considered.
The exchange rates are more stable than if there were many different currencies. However, there are some disadvantages as well. The different countries have varying amounts of public debt and governmental regulations.

Down

Enables the co-operation of leading oil-producing countries, in order to collectively influence the global market and maximize profit. Founded on 14 September 1960 in Baghdad by the first five members (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela), it has, since 1965, been headquartered in Vienna, Austria, although Austria is not an OPEC.
The interdependence of nations and peoples across the globe. Business and trade, culture and fashion, social and political movements.
This is the foundation or framework of a system, organization, or location. It is often classified as either “hard” or “soft.” Hard infrastructure includes railroads, bridges, water systems, subway systems, and telecommunications. Soft infrastructure is human capital.
Direct use of natural resources. It includes agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, and other industries based on what a country has available in its own territory .
Government has little involvement in these decisions, though both businesses and consumers rely on laws to ensure fair practices. A market economy is both decentralized and flexible.
The permanent place to live. Many animal species migrate, including species of fish, crustaceans, amphibians, reptiles, insects, and mammals. These animals might journey by land, sea, or air to reach their destination, often crossing vast distances and in large numbers.
The United States and its North American neighbors, Canada and Mexico, for the purpose of the pact was to make trade between the three nations easier by eliminating some tariffs and reducing others.
The economic dependence on oil because much of the world's oil comes from Middle Eastern countries. If the Middle East decided to drastically raise the price of oil, the United States would have limited options. This would be highly expensive and dangerous to the economy.
The practice of protecting a country’s local business or industry. This can be done through government policies such as limiting what is imported from other countries and placing tariffs (or taxes) on goods that enter the country . The idea behind protectionism is that when goods that come from other countries are limited.
The determining the proportion of total product used for investment rather than consumption becomes a centrally made political decision. After this decision has been made, the central planners work out the assortment of goods to be produced and the quotas for each enterprise. Consumers may influence the planners’ decisions indirectly if the planners take.
countries often have a low gross domestic product (GDP), which is the total value of goods and services.
The economic policy in which a nation does not try to limit imports or exports by enacting tariffs or subsidies. Tariffs are taxes on imports; subsidies are taxes on exports. A country that practices free trade might still put some limits, such as quotas, on imported or exported items.
The economic sanctions as a diplomatic tool. Because trade restrictions often are costly for a country’s economy, sanctions can be used to encourage governments to change a certain behavior or policy. For example, during the Cold War, the United States placed an embargo, which is a type of economy.
Economic sectors traditionally, some economists today acknowledge an additional sector: the quaternary sector. The quaternary sector includes intellectual activities, such as those related to scientific research, information technology, education, and libraries. Within the quaternary sector is a branch called the quinary sector.

27 Clues: The development and therefore a relatively low standard of living. • countries often have a low gross domestic product (GDP), which is the total value of goods and services. • The interdependence of nations and peoples across the globe. Business and trade, culture and fashion, social and political movements. • ...

EOP Review #11-14 Vocabulary Words 186-296 2022-04-13

EOP Review #11-14 Vocabulary Words 186-296 crossword puzzle

Across

is a type of investment that represents an ownership share in a company; an equity investment that represents part ownership in a corporation and entitles you to part of that corporation's earnings and assets; dividends are given quarterly normally. Common stock gives shareholders voting rights but no guarantee of dividend payments. Preferred stocks provide no voting rights but usually guarantee a dividend payment.
organ systems by which humans reproduce and bear live offspring.
is the fraudulent practice of sending emails purporting to be from reputable companies in order to induce individuals to reveal personal information, such as passwords and credit card numbers.
a non-essential item that one desires
consists of a married couple and their biological child or children. A child in a traditional nuclear family lives with both biological parents, if siblings are present, only full brothers and sisters; a couple and their dependent children, are regarded as a basic social unit.
a person's principles or standards of behavior; one's judgment of what is important in life; Important and lasting beliefs or ideals shared by the members of a culture about what is good or bad and desirable or undesirable. (They have a major influence on a person's behavior and attitude and serve as broad guidelines in all situations.)
the process of planning and exercising conscious control of time spent on specific activities, especially to increase effectiveness, efficiency, and productivity. It involves a juggling act of various demands upon a person relating to work, social life, family, hobbies, personal interests, and commitments with the finiteness of time.
(DOE)is responsible for advancing the energy, environmental, and nuclear security of the United States; promoting scientific and technological innovation in support of that mission; sponsoring basic research in the physical sciences; and ensuring the environmental cleanup of the nation’s nuclear weapons complex.
is a table that appears in credit card agreements showing basic information about the card's rates and fees.
Team dynamics are the unconscious, psychological forces that influence the direction of a team's behavior and performance. ... Team dynamics are created by the nature of the team's work, the personalities within the team, their working relationships with other people, and the environment in which the team works.
are involuntary fees levied on individuals or corporations and enforced by a government entity—whether local, regional, or national—in order to finance government activities.
is one-way communication where the receiver doesn't provide feedback or ask questions and may or may not understand the sender's message.
includes responses that demonstrate that you understand what the other person is trying to tell you about his or her experience.
is an interest-bearing bank account that offers a higher interest rate than regular savings account because it's tied to interest rates in money markets; safe, low-return investment for the average person establishing savings.
the loss of potential gain from other alternatives when one alternative is chosen; represent the benefits an individual, investor or business misses out on when choosing one alternative over another

Down

(SFT) is a type of family therapy that looks at the structure of a family unit and improves the interactions between family members. By addressing how members of the family relate to one another, the goal is to improve communication and relationships to create positive changes for both individual family members and the family unit as a whole.
the intended audience or readership of a publication, advertisement, or other messages
Renting: You pay less upfront and will never own. (Fewer home maintenance duties and costs, easier to move, looser credit requirements, and lower upfront costs) ... Owning: reaps more financial rewards than renting the longer you plan to stay in your home, stable monthly payments, but requires a large down payment and closing costs. The overall cost of homeownership tends to be higher than the overall cost of renting...
A support system is made up of individual people who provide support, respect, and care. These are people who are in your corner. They do not judge you or ridicule you. They provide feedback that is genuine and in your best interest
the federal executive department responsible for developing and executing federal laws related to farming, forestry, rural economic development, and food
The "mean" is the "average" you're used to, where you add up all the numbers and then divide by the number of numbers. The "median" is the "middle" value in the list of numbers. ... If no number in the list is repeated, then there is no mode for the list.
group of research subjects whose characteristics approximate those of the population it is selected from.
Supply pertains to how much the producers of a product or service are willing to produce and can provide to the market with a limited amount of resources available. Demand refers to how much of that product, item, commodity, or service consumers are willing and able to purchase at a particular price. (DEMAND PULL Inflation)
identification of and labeling of items for sale with the retail price per unit, permitting easier price comparisons among similar products in different sized containers
personal attributes that enable someone to interact effectively and harmoniously with other people
is an investor's ability to psychologically endure the potential of losing money on an investment.
as with marketing to customers, capable of being physically or emotionally moved, companies will use it to increase their sales (Ex. it may be more effective to target vulnerable consumers because it can ensure larger sales by targeting these consumers to buy the products they are selling).
a form of investment (illegal in the US and elsewhere)in which each paying participant recruits two further participants, with returns being given to early participants using money contributed by later ones.
is a belief that work and diligence have a moral benefit and an inherent ability, virtue, or value to strengthen character and individual abilities. It is a set of values-centered on the importance of work and manifested by determination or desire to work hard.
- is a type of loan that is obtained to support a temporary personal or business capital; a type of credit, it involves a borrowed capital amount and interest that needs to be returned or paid back at a given due date, which is usually within a year from getting the loan.

30 Clues: a non-essential item that one desires • organ systems by which humans reproduce and bear live offspring. • the intended audience or readership of a publication, advertisement, or other messages • personal attributes that enable someone to interact effectively and harmoniously with other people • ...

EOP #1 - 4 Review 1 - 60 Vocabulary Words 186-296 2022-04-24

EOP #1 - 4 Review 1 - 60 Vocabulary Words 186-296 crossword puzzle

Across

is a type of investment that represents an ownership share in a company; an equity investment that represents part ownership in a corporation and entitles you to part of that corporation's earnings and assets; dividends are given quarterly normally. Common stock gives shareholders voting rights but no guarantee of dividend payments. Preferred stocks provide no voting rights but usually guarantee a dividend payment.
organ systems by which humans reproduce and bear live offspring.
is the fraudulent practice of sending emails purporting to be from reputable companies in order to induce individuals to reveal personal information, such as passwords and credit card numbers.
a non-essential item that one desires
consists of a married couple and their biological child or children. A child in a traditional nuclear family lives with both biological parents, if siblings are present, only full brothers and sisters; a couple and their dependent children, are regarded as a basic social unit.
a person's principles or standards of behavior; one's judgment of what is important in life; Important and lasting beliefs or ideals shared by the members of a culture about what is good or bad and desirable or undesirable. (They have a major influence on a person's behavior and attitude and serve as broad guidelines in all situations.)
the process of planning and exercising conscious control of time spent on specific activities, especially to increase effectiveness, efficiency, and productivity. It involves a juggling act of various demands upon a person relating to work, social life, family, hobbies, personal interests, and commitments with the finiteness of time.
(DOE)is responsible for advancing the energy, environmental, and nuclear security of the United States; promoting scientific and technological innovation in support of that mission; sponsoring basic research in the physical sciences; and ensuring the environmental cleanup of the nation’s nuclear weapons complex.
is a table that appears in credit card agreements showing basic information about the card's rates and fees.
Team dynamics are the unconscious, psychological forces that influence the direction of a team's behavior and performance. ... Team dynamics are created by the nature of the team's work, the personalities within the team, their working relationships with other people, and the environment in which the team works.
are involuntary fees levied on individuals or corporations and enforced by a government entity—whether local, regional, or national—in order to finance government activities.
is one-way communication where the receiver doesn't provide feedback or ask questions and may or may not understand the sender's message.
includes responses that demonstrate that you understand what the other person is trying to tell you about his or her experience.
is an interest-bearing bank account that offers a higher interest rate than regular savings account because it's tied to interest rates in money markets; safe, low-return investment for the average person establishing savings.
the loss of potential gain from other alternatives when one alternative is chosen; represent the benefits an individual, investor or business misses out on when choosing one alternative over another

Down

(SFT) is a type of family therapy that looks at the structure of a family unit and improves the interactions between family members. By addressing how members of the family relate to one another, the goal is to improve communication and relationships to create positive changes for both individual family members and the family unit as a whole.
the intended audience or readership of a publication, advertisement, or other messages
Renting: You pay less upfront and will never own. (Fewer home maintenance duties and costs, easier to move, looser credit requirements, and lower upfront costs) ... Owning: reaps more financial rewards than renting the longer you plan to stay in your home, stable monthly payments, but requires a large down payment and closing costs. The overall cost of homeownership tends to be higher than the overall cost of renting...
A support system is made up of individual people who provide support, respect, and care. These are people who are in your corner. They do not judge you or ridicule you. They provide feedback that is genuine and in your best interest
the federal executive department responsible for developing and executing federal laws related to farming, forestry, rural economic development, and food
The "mean" is the "average" you're used to, where you add up all the numbers and then divide by the number of numbers. The "median" is the "middle" value in the list of numbers. ... If no number in the list is repeated, then there is no mode for the list.
group of research subjects whose characteristics approximate those of the population it is selected from.
Supply pertains to how much the producers of a product or service are willing to produce and can provide to the market with a limited amount of resources available. Demand refers to how much of that product, item, commodity, or service consumers are willing and able to purchase at a particular price. (DEMAND PULL Inflation)
identification of and labeling of items for sale with the retail price per unit, permitting easier price comparisons among similar products in different sized containers
personal attributes that enable someone to interact effectively and harmoniously with other people
is an investor's ability to psychologically endure the potential of losing money on an investment.
as with marketing to customers, capable of being physically or emotionally moved, companies will use it to increase their sales (Ex. it may be more effective to target vulnerable consumers because it can ensure larger sales by targeting these consumers to buy the products they are selling).
a form of investment (illegal in the US and elsewhere)in which each paying participant recruits two further participants, with returns being given to early participants using money contributed by later ones.
is a belief that work and diligence have a moral benefit and an inherent ability, virtue, or value to strengthen character and individual abilities. It is a set of values-centered on the importance of work and manifested by determination or desire to work hard.
- is a type of loan that is obtained to support a temporary personal or business capital; a type of credit, it involves a borrowed capital amount and interest that needs to be returned or paid back at a given due date, which is usually within a year from getting the loan.

EOP #11 - 14 Review Vocabulary Words 186-296 2022-04-24

EOP #11 - 14 Review Vocabulary Words 186-296 crossword puzzle

Across

is a type of investment that represents an ownership share in a company; an equity investment that represents part ownership in a corporation and entitles you to part of that corporation's earnings and assets; dividends are given quarterly normally. Common stock gives shareholders voting rights but no guarantee of dividend payments. Preferred stocks provide no voting rights but usually guarantee a dividend payment.
organ systems by which humans reproduce and bear live offspring.
is the fraudulent practice of sending emails purporting to be from reputable companies in order to induce individuals to reveal personal information, such as passwords and credit card numbers.
a non-essential item that one desires
consists of a married couple and their biological child or children. A child in a traditional nuclear family lives with both biological parents, if siblings are present, only full brothers and sisters; a couple and their dependent children, are regarded as a basic social unit.
a person's principles or standards of behavior; one's judgment of what is important in life; Important and lasting beliefs or ideals shared by the members of a culture about what is good or bad and desirable or undesirable. (They have a major influence on a person's behavior and attitude and serve as broad guidelines in all situations.)
the process of planning and exercising conscious control of time spent on specific activities, especially to increase effectiveness, efficiency, and productivity. It involves a juggling act of various demands upon a person relating to work, social life, family, hobbies, personal interests, and commitments with the finiteness of time.
(DOE)is responsible for advancing the energy, environmental, and nuclear security of the United States; promoting scientific and technological innovation in support of that mission; sponsoring basic research in the physical sciences; and ensuring the environmental cleanup of the nation’s nuclear weapons complex.
is a table that appears in credit card agreements showing basic information about the card's rates and fees.
Team dynamics are the unconscious, psychological forces that influence the direction of a team's behavior and performance. ... Team dynamics are created by the nature of the team's work, the personalities within the team, their working relationships with other people, and the environment in which the team works.
are involuntary fees levied on individuals or corporations and enforced by a government entity—whether local, regional, or national—in order to finance government activities.
is one-way communication where the receiver doesn't provide feedback or ask questions and may or may not understand the sender's message.
includes responses that demonstrate that you understand what the other person is trying to tell you about his or her experience.
is an interest-bearing bank account that offers a higher interest rate than regular savings account because it's tied to interest rates in money markets; safe, low-return investment for the average person establishing savings.
the loss of potential gain from other alternatives when one alternative is chosen; represent the benefits an individual, investor or business misses out on when choosing one alternative over another

Down

(SFT) is a type of family therapy that looks at the structure of a family unit and improves the interactions between family members. By addressing how members of the family relate to one another, the goal is to improve communication and relationships to create positive changes for both individual family members and the family unit as a whole.
the intended audience or readership of a publication, advertisement, or other messages
Renting: You pay less upfront and will never own. (Fewer home maintenance duties and costs, easier to move, looser credit requirements, and lower upfront costs) ... Owning: reaps more financial rewards than renting the longer you plan to stay in your home, stable monthly payments, but requires a large down payment and closing costs. The overall cost of homeownership tends to be higher than the overall cost of renting...
A support system is made up of individual people who provide support, respect, and care. These are people who are in your corner. They do not judge you or ridicule you. They provide feedback that is genuine and in your best interest
the federal executive department responsible for developing and executing federal laws related to farming, forestry, rural economic development, and food
The "mean" is the "average" you're used to, where you add up all the numbers and then divide by the number of numbers. The "median" is the "middle" value in the list of numbers. ... If no number in the list is repeated, then there is no mode for the list.
group of research subjects whose characteristics approximate those of the population it is selected from.
Supply pertains to how much the producers of a product or service are willing to produce and can provide to the market with a limited amount of resources available. Demand refers to how much of that product, item, commodity, or service consumers are willing and able to purchase at a particular price. (DEMAND PULL Inflation)
identification of and labeling of items for sale with the retail price per unit, permitting easier price comparisons among similar products in different sized containers
personal attributes that enable someone to interact effectively and harmoniously with other people
is an investor's ability to psychologically endure the potential of losing money on an investment.
as with marketing to customers, capable of being physically or emotionally moved, companies will use it to increase their sales (Ex. it may be more effective to target vulnerable consumers because it can ensure larger sales by targeting these consumers to buy the products they are selling).
a form of investment (illegal in the US and elsewhere)in which each paying participant recruits two further participants, with returns being given to early participants using money contributed by later ones.
is a belief that work and diligence have a moral benefit and an inherent ability, virtue, or value to strengthen character and individual abilities. It is a set of values-centered on the importance of work and manifested by determination or desire to work hard.
- is a type of loan that is obtained to support a temporary personal or business capital; a type of credit, it involves a borrowed capital amount and interest that needs to be returned or paid back at a given due date, which is usually within a year from getting the loan.

THIJO 2015-09-16

Across

a unit of land equal to 4,850 square yards-
a destructive insect that attacks crops, livestock, etc
the uppermost trees or branches of the trees in a forest, forming a more or less continuous layer of foliage.
species an organism that has a negative effect on our economy,environment and health
an alley in a formal garden or park bordered by trees or bushes
A chemical or natural substance added to soil or land to increase its fertility.
Ring Wood in plants, consisting of two concentric layers, one of spring wood and one of summer wood.
of, relating to, or derived from living matter.
a monocotyledon.
to cut down an entire area of trees or plants
Regeneration The renewal of a forest crop by sowing, planting or other artificial methods
a green plant that grows on the ground in short stems
A house, especially a farmhouse, and outbuildings.
a young plant, especially one raised from seed and not from a cutting.
a flowering plant with an embryo that bears 2 seed leaves. (cotyledons)
Framework on which the trunk and branches of fruit trees or shrubs are trained to grow.
The top & high part of a hill.
to replant trees on a land denuded bycutting or fire
(in gardening) young pliable growth on shrubs and other plants from which cuttings can be taken.
used as a method for clearing forest or land
Forest woodland of a usually rather mild climatic area within the temperate zone that receives heavy rainfall, usually includes numerous kinds of trees, and is distinguished from a tropical rain forest especially by the presence of a dominant tree
a source that humans and animals eat to survive
A community of organisms that all live in the same environment.
a large open area covered with grass
Species a species at risk of exctinction because of human activity, changes of climate, changes in predator prey ratios,etc. especially when officially designated as such by a governmental or international agency.
Rotation an action or system of rotating crops
an inert carbohydrate, (C 6 H 10 O 5) n, the chief constituent of the cellwalls of plants and of wood, cotton, hemp, paper, etc.
a large naturally occuring of flora and fauna occupying a major habit
a process by which the earth is worn down by wind, cattle, action of water and more.
a protuberance in the tissue of a plant; an excrescence on a stem,branch, or root; a node or joint in a stem, especially when of swollenform.
rushlike or grasslike plant of the genus Carex, growing in wet places
to collect crops that you grow
an agricultural implement used for cutting, lifting, turning over, and partly pulverizing soil.
any place of rural peace or simplicity
Loading Fuel Loading or fuel volume is reported in tons of fuel available per acre. The higher the fuel loading, the more heat that will be produced during a fire
domestic fowl, such as chickens, turkeys, ducks, and geese.
An archway in a gaden or park consiting of a framework covered with trained climbing .
the outer protective wood on a tree
A piece of land planted with fruit trees.
A cluster or group trees
a cold treeless usually lowland of far northern regions

Down

a highly viscous (very thick liquid) substance
Forest Primary forests are forests of native tree species and there no human activity.
the hard central wood of a trunk of an exogenous tree
a way of cultivating land or property
a certain chemical thats kills pests
Bearing foliage throughout the year;continually shedding and replacing leaves
the part of a vascular bundle consisting of sieve tubes, companion cells,parenchyma, and fibers and forming the food-conducting tissue of aplant.
a cave or cavern.
The process by which organic substances are broken down into a much simpler form of matter.
the division of land
exhibiting different colours espescially odd patches or streaks
a plant that has seeds unprotected by an ovary or fruit.
A house, especially a farmhouse, and outbuildings.
a metric unit of square measure 100 ares, or 10,000
NO ANSWER1
The background of which one comes from, or any sort of inherited property or goods
the action or process of inheriting a title, office, property, etc.
modification any alteration of genetic material, as in agriculture, to make them capable ofproducing new substances or performing new functions; also called genetic engineering, genetic manipulation, gene splicing, [ gene technology ],recombinant DNA technology
A building or architectural feature of a building.
falling off or shed at a particular season, stage of growth, etc., asleaves, horns, or teeth
The variety of different types of life found on earth. It is a measure of the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems.
The science of planting and caring for trees
Forest a forest or woodland area which has re grown after a major disturbance such as fire, insect infestation, timber harvest or windthrow
to feed on growing grass and pasturage, as do cattle, sheep, etc.
The leaves of a plant
species aniamls that are either endemic or found only whithin a particular region
the action or process of draining something.
the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and their physical surroundings
architect Person who is educated in the field of landscape architecture.
any cold-blooded vertbre of the class amphibia,comprising frogs and toads,newts and salamnders,and caecilians, the larvae being typically aquatic,breathing by gills,and the adults being semiterrestrial,breathing by lungs and througbh the moist, glandular skin.
a tissue in plants that runs water and dissolves nutrients from the roots and helps form the "woody" element in the stem
a structure used to see the surrounding area and mostly used for entertainment and relaxing
A long flexible string that's made from two different strands.
a celular rlant tissue
Capacity the maximum, equilibrium number of organisms of a particular speciesthat can be supported indefinitely in a given environment.

76 Clues: NO ANSWER1 • a monocotyledon. • a cave or cavern. • the division of land • The leaves of a plant • a celular rlant tissue • A cluster or group trees • The top & high part of a hill. • to collect crops that you grow • the outer protective wood on a tree • a certain chemical thats kills pests • a large open area covered with grass • a way of cultivating land or property • ...

interconnected world 2023-04-20

Across

Index The index designed by the United Nations to measure the basic contentment of people living in a particular country. Prior to the HDI, a country's worth used to be measured by how much money it accrued to However, governments began to realize there were more factors involved in a country's .
After World War II, many Western countries could no longer afford to manage and rule over the countries they had colonized in the past. They were also receiving pressure from two emerging superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, who opposed colonization. Over the next few decades, European powers removed themselves .
often looks and sounds different from American movies, as they tend to focus less on reality and more on melodrama. This is expressed through intricate dances and music. When India gained its independence from Great Britain.
There is small and close together, and populations are not large. When urbanization began towns grew larger, and some grew large enough that they came to be called cities.
The cultural elements, such as customs, ideas, and religions, from one group to another. Academics believe there are three basic ways that cultures spread from one place or group to another. The first way is direct contact. Two societies that live near each other may have direct contact through trade.
The minimally regulated free-market and laissez-faire systems where state activity is restricted to providing public goods and services and safeguarding private to interventionist forms where the government plays an active role in correcting market failures and promoting social welfare.
The development and therefore a relatively low standard of living.
The duty or customs duty, is a tax that is placed on imported goods when they enter a country. Tariffs are usually collected to help domestic industries. When a tariff is placed on an imported good, it often raises the price of that good for consumers, making them more likely to buy a similar good that has been produced domestically.
The secondary sector includes manufacturing activities, which may be referred to as secondary production. Turning iron ore into steel, producing textiles, and assembling automobiles are examples of secondary production. All of these activities transform raw materials into goods.
The total value of goods and services sold during a period of time, usually a year in other words, they have a high overall income. Because of this the income per capita, or total income in relation to the population, tends to be higher in developed countries. So an industrialized country tends to make more money, which usually means that most people in the country have enough.
The Immigration policy is called the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). The INA allows the United States to grant up to 675,000 permanent immigrant visas each year across various visa categories. On top of those 675,000 visas, the INA sets no limit on the annual admission of U.S. citizens’ spouses, parents, and children under the age of 21.
The people's quality of life based on the goods and services that are available to them. Factors that determine people's standard of living include whether they have housing and food, as well as access to education, transportation, utilities, and health care. A high rate of literacy is also considered.
The exchange rates are more stable than if there were many different currencies. However, there are some disadvantages as well. The different countries have varying amounts of public debt and governmental regulations.

Down

Enables the co-operation of leading oil-producing countries, in order to collectively influence the global market and maximize profit. Founded on 14 September 1960 in Baghdad by the first five members (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela), it has, since 1965, been headquartered in Vienna, Austria, although Austria is not an OPEC.
The interdependence of nations and peoples across the globe. Business and trade, culture and fashion, social and political movements.
This is the foundation or framework of a system, organization, or location. It is often classified as either “hard” or “soft.” Hard infrastructure includes railroads, bridges, water systems, subway systems, and telecommunications. Soft infrastructure is human capital.
Direct use of natural resources. It includes agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, and other industries based on what a country has available in its own territory .
Government has little involvement in these decisions, though both businesses and consumers rely on laws to ensure fair practices. A market economy is both decentralized and flexible.
The permanent place to live. Many animal species migrate, including species of fish, crustaceans, amphibians, reptiles, insects, and mammals. These animals might journey by land, sea, or air to reach their destination, often crossing vast distances and in large numbers.
The United States and its North American neighbors, Canada and Mexico, for the purpose of the pact was to make trade between the three nations easier by eliminating some tariffs and reducing others.
The economic dependence on oil because much of the world's oil comes from Middle Eastern countries. If the Middle East decided to drastically raise the price of oil, the United States would have limited options. This would be highly expensive and dangerous to the economy.
The practice of protecting a country’s local business or industry. This can be done through government policies such as limiting what is imported from other countries and placing tariffs (or taxes) on goods that enter the country . The idea behind protectionism is that when goods that come from other countries are limited.
The determining the proportion of total product used for investment rather than consumption becomes a centrally made political decision. After this decision has been made, the central planners work out the assortment of goods to be produced and the quotas for each enterprise. Consumers may influence the planners’ decisions indirectly if the planners take.
countries often have a low gross domestic product (GDP), which is the total value of goods and services.
The economic policy in which a nation does not try to limit imports or exports by enacting tariffs or subsidies. Tariffs are taxes on imports; subsidies are taxes on exports. A country that practices free trade might still put some limits, such as quotas, on imported or exported items.
The economic sanctions as a diplomatic tool. Because trade restrictions often are costly for a country’s economy, sanctions can be used to encourage governments to change a certain behavior or policy. For example, during the Cold War, the United States placed an embargo, which is a type of economy.
Economic sectors traditionally, some economists today acknowledge an additional sector: the quaternary sector. The quaternary sector includes intellectual activities, such as those related to scientific research, information technology, education, and libraries. Within the quaternary sector is a branch called the quinary sector.

interconnected world 2023-04-20

Across

Index The index designed by the United Nations to measure the basic contentment of people living in a particular country. Prior to the HDI, a country's worth used to be measured by how much money it accrued to However, governments began to realize there were more factors involved in a country's .
After World War II, many Western countries could no longer afford to manage and rule over the countries they had colonized in the past. They were also receiving pressure from two emerging superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, who opposed colonization. Over the next few decades, European powers removed themselves .
often looks and sounds different from American movies, as they tend to focus less on reality and more on melodrama. This is expressed through intricate dances and music. When India gained its independence from Great Britain.
There is small and close together, and populations are not large. When urbanization began towns grew larger, and some grew large enough that they came to be called cities.
The cultural elements, such as customs, ideas, and religions, from one group to another. Academics believe there are three basic ways that cultures spread from one place or group to another. The first way is direct contact. Two societies that live near each other may have direct contact through trade.
The minimally regulated free-market and laissez-faire systems where state activity is restricted to providing public goods and services and safeguarding private to interventionist forms where the government plays an active role in correcting market failures and promoting social welfare.
The development and therefore a relatively low standard of living.
The duty or customs duty, is a tax that is placed on imported goods when they enter a country. Tariffs are usually collected to help domestic industries. When a tariff is placed on an imported good, it often raises the price of that good for consumers, making them more likely to buy a similar good that has been produced domestically.
The secondary sector includes manufacturing activities, which may be referred to as secondary production. Turning iron ore into steel, producing textiles, and assembling automobiles are examples of secondary production. All of these activities transform raw materials into goods.
The total value of goods and services sold during a period of time, usually a year in other words, they have a high overall income. Because of this the income per capita, or total income in relation to the population, tends to be higher in developed countries. So an industrialized country tends to make more money, which usually means that most people in the country have enough.
The Immigration policy is called the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). The INA allows the United States to grant up to 675,000 permanent immigrant visas each year across various visa categories. On top of those 675,000 visas, the INA sets no limit on the annual admission of U.S. citizens’ spouses, parents, and children under the age of 21.
The people's quality of life based on the goods and services that are available to them. Factors that determine people's standard of living include whether they have housing and food, as well as access to education, transportation, utilities, and health care. A high rate of literacy is also considered.
The exchange rates are more stable than if there were many different currencies. However, there are some disadvantages as well. The different countries have varying amounts of public debt and governmental regulations.

Down

Enables the co-operation of leading oil-producing countries, in order to collectively influence the global market and maximize profit. Founded on 14 September 1960 in Baghdad by the first five members (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela), it has, since 1965, been headquartered in Vienna, Austria, although Austria is not an OPEC.
The interdependence of nations and peoples across the globe. Business and trade, culture and fashion, social and political movements.
This is the foundation or framework of a system, organization, or location. It is often classified as either “hard” or “soft.” Hard infrastructure includes railroads, bridges, water systems, subway systems, and telecommunications. Soft infrastructure is human capital.
Direct use of natural resources. It includes agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, and other industries based on what a country has available in its own territory .
Government has little involvement in these decisions, though both businesses and consumers rely on laws to ensure fair practices. A market economy is both decentralized and flexible.
The permanent place to live. Many animal species migrate, including species of fish, crustaceans, amphibians, reptiles, insects, and mammals. These animals might journey by land, sea, or air to reach their destination, often crossing vast distances and in large numbers.
The United States and its North American neighbors, Canada and Mexico, for the purpose of the pact was to make trade between the three nations easier by eliminating some tariffs and reducing others.
The economic dependence on oil because much of the world's oil comes from Middle Eastern countries. If the Middle East decided to drastically raise the price of oil, the United States would have limited options. This would be highly expensive and dangerous to the economy.
The practice of protecting a country’s local business or industry. This can be done through government policies such as limiting what is imported from other countries and placing tariffs (or taxes) on goods that enter the country . The idea behind protectionism is that when goods that come from other countries are limited.
The determining the proportion of total product used for investment rather than consumption becomes a centrally made political decision. After this decision has been made, the central planners work out the assortment of goods to be produced and the quotas for each enterprise. Consumers may influence the planners’ decisions indirectly if the planners take.
countries often have a low gross domestic product (GDP), which is the total value of goods and services.
The economic policy in which a nation does not try to limit imports or exports by enacting tariffs or subsidies. Tariffs are taxes on imports; subsidies are taxes on exports. A country that practices free trade might still put some limits, such as quotas, on imported or exported items.
The economic sanctions as a diplomatic tool. Because trade restrictions often are costly for a country’s economy, sanctions can be used to encourage governments to change a certain behavior or policy. For example, during the Cold War, the United States placed an embargo, which is a type of economy.
Economic sectors traditionally, some economists today acknowledge an additional sector: the quaternary sector. The quaternary sector includes intellectual activities, such as those related to scientific research, information technology, education, and libraries. Within the quaternary sector is a branch called the quinary sector.

interconnected world 2023-04-20

Across

Index The index designed by the United Nations to measure the basic contentment of people living in a particular country. Prior to the HDI, a country's worth used to be measured by how much money it accrued to However, governments began to realize there were more factors involved in a country's .
After World War II, many Western countries could no longer afford to manage and rule over the countries they had colonized in the past. They were also receiving pressure from two emerging superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, who opposed colonization. Over the next few decades, European powers removed themselves .
often looks and sounds different from American movies, as they tend to focus less on reality and more on melodrama. This is expressed through intricate dances and music. When India gained its independence from Great Britain.
There is small and close together, and populations are not large. When urbanization began towns grew larger, and some grew large enough that they came to be called cities.
The cultural elements, such as customs, ideas, and religions, from one group to another. Academics believe there are three basic ways that cultures spread from one place or group to another. The first way is direct contact. Two societies that live near each other may have direct contact through trade.
The minimally regulated free-market and laissez-faire systems where state activity is restricted to providing public goods and services and safeguarding private to interventionist forms where the government plays an active role in correcting market failures and promoting social welfare.
The development and therefore a relatively low standard of living.
The duty or customs duty, is a tax that is placed on imported goods when they enter a country. Tariffs are usually collected to help domestic industries. When a tariff is placed on an imported good, it often raises the price of that good for consumers, making them more likely to buy a similar good that has been produced domestically.
The secondary sector includes manufacturing activities, which may be referred to as secondary production. Turning iron ore into steel, producing textiles, and assembling automobiles are examples of secondary production. All of these activities transform raw materials into goods.
The total value of goods and services sold during a period of time, usually a year in other words, they have a high overall income. Because of this the income per capita, or total income in relation to the population, tends to be higher in developed countries. So an industrialized country tends to make more money, which usually means that most people in the country have enough.
The Immigration policy is called the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). The INA allows the United States to grant up to 675,000 permanent immigrant visas each year across various visa categories. On top of those 675,000 visas, the INA sets no limit on the annual admission of U.S. citizens’ spouses, parents, and children under the age of 21.
The people's quality of life based on the goods and services that are available to them. Factors that determine people's standard of living include whether they have housing and food, as well as access to education, transportation, utilities, and health care. A high rate of literacy is also considered.
The exchange rates are more stable than if there were many different currencies. However, there are some disadvantages as well. The different countries have varying amounts of public debt and governmental regulations.

Down

Enables the co-operation of leading oil-producing countries, in order to collectively influence the global market and maximize profit. Founded on 14 September 1960 in Baghdad by the first five members (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela), it has, since 1965, been headquartered in Vienna, Austria, although Austria is not an OPEC.
The interdependence of nations and peoples across the globe. Business and trade, culture and fashion, social and political movements.
This is the foundation or framework of a system, organization, or location. It is often classified as either “hard” or “soft.” Hard infrastructure includes railroads, bridges, water systems, subway systems, and telecommunications. Soft infrastructure is human capital.
Direct use of natural resources. It includes agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, and other industries based on what a country has available in its own territory .
Government has little involvement in these decisions, though both businesses and consumers rely on laws to ensure fair practices. A market economy is both decentralized and flexible.
The permanent place to live. Many animal species migrate, including species of fish, crustaceans, amphibians, reptiles, insects, and mammals. These animals might journey by land, sea, or air to reach their destination, often crossing vast distances and in large numbers.
The United States and its North American neighbors, Canada and Mexico, for the purpose of the pact was to make trade between the three nations easier by eliminating some tariffs and reducing others.
The economic dependence on oil because much of the world's oil comes from Middle Eastern countries. If the Middle East decided to drastically raise the price of oil, the United States would have limited options. This would be highly expensive and dangerous to the economy.
The practice of protecting a country’s local business or industry. This can be done through government policies such as limiting what is imported from other countries and placing tariffs (or taxes) on goods that enter the country . The idea behind protectionism is that when goods that come from other countries are limited.
The determining the proportion of total product used for investment rather than consumption becomes a centrally made political decision. After this decision has been made, the central planners work out the assortment of goods to be produced and the quotas for each enterprise. Consumers may influence the planners’ decisions indirectly if the planners take.
countries often have a low gross domestic product (GDP), which is the total value of goods and services.
The economic policy in which a nation does not try to limit imports or exports by enacting tariffs or subsidies. Tariffs are taxes on imports; subsidies are taxes on exports. A country that practices free trade might still put some limits, such as quotas, on imported or exported items.
The economic sanctions as a diplomatic tool. Because trade restrictions often are costly for a country’s economy, sanctions can be used to encourage governments to change a certain behavior or policy. For example, during the Cold War, the United States placed an embargo, which is a type of economy.
Economic sectors traditionally, some economists today acknowledge an additional sector: the quaternary sector. The quaternary sector includes intellectual activities, such as those related to scientific research, information technology, education, and libraries. Within the quaternary sector is a branch called the quinary sector.

Unit 5 Vocabulary - Crossword Creation 2022-04-15

Across

school - a publicly funded independent school established by teachers, parents, or community groups under the terms of a charter with a local or national authority.
- A system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.
Elite - a small group of people who control a disproportionate amount of power, wealth, and privilege and access to decision-makers in a political system.
- A family consisting of a couple and their children from this and all previous relationships.
Education - Any form of education or teaching that incorporates the histories, texts, values, beliefs, and perspectives of people from different cultural backgrounds.
- A government or the holding of power by people selected on the basis of their ability.
- A couple and their dependent children, regarded as a basic social unit.
- A formal organizations, typically created through acquisitions or mergers and serve to diversify risk.
system - a system of production, resource allocation and distribution of goods and services within a society or a given geographic area.
- a market structure where a few, large firms control most of the market.
Corporation - a business that is legally independent from its members.
Model - a way of organizing people so there are clear reporting relationships from the top to the bottom of the organizational chart.
- the concept that the state alone has the right to use or authorize the use of physical force.
- a concept whose development is most often associated with the German sociologist Max Weber who saw it as a particular form of power
Economic System - a market system of resource allocation, commerce, and trade in which free markets coexist with government intervention.
- an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.
System - a plan in which each school-age child receives a publicly funded entitlement worth a fixed amount of money with which his or her parents can select a participating public or private school.
Curriculum - learning that is synthesized across traditional subject areas and learning experiences that are designed to be mutually reinforcing.
- an egalitarian form of government in which all the citizens of a nation determine public policy, the laws, and the actions of their state together.
- to bring to or make of an established standard size, weight, quality, strength, or the like
- A system of society or government ruled by a woman or women.
Sector - a wide range of activities from commerce to administration, transport, financial and real estate activities, business and personal services, education, health and social work.
modeling - A branch of the modeling industry that features models who do not conform to mainstream ideals of beauty.
- A government ruled by a typically hereditary head of state either as a figurehead or absolute leader.
- relating to or believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.
Learning - the process of breaking a classroom of students into small groups so they can discover a new concept together and help each other learn.

Down

Model - an egalitarian form of government in which all the citizens of a nation determine public policy, the laws, and the actions of their state together, requiring that all citizens have an equal opportunity to express their opinion.
Desegregation - to end by law the separation of members of different races desegregate schools.
Tier - An occupational structure composed of a large firms dominating their industries.
Sector - A part of the economy that transforms the raw materials into goods for sale or consumption.
equality - every student should have the same access to a high quality education regardless of where they come from.
Directorates - the linkage between corporations that result when an individual serves on the board of directors of two companies
- a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.
- A family that extends beyond the nuclear family, including grandparents, aunts, uncles, and other relatives, who all live nearby or in one household.
Corporations - any corporation that is registered and operates in more than one country at a time.
schooling - the structured education system that runs from primary (and in some countries from nursery) school to university, and includes specialised programmes for vocational, technical and professional training.
market - an unregulated system of economic exchange, in which taxes, quality controls, quotas, tariffs, and other forms of centralized economic interventions by government either do not exist or are minimal.
- an activity in which one engages.
- A type of government in which one individual or a small group has authority over the government or people of a country or State.
Profit School - a college owned and operated by a private company or business.
- A system of society or government in which the father or eldest male is head of the family and descent is traced through the male line.
Function - any function of an institution or other social phenomenon that is planned and intentional.
Classroom - an approach to elementary education that emphasizes spacious classrooms where learning is informally structured, flexible, and individualized.
- an entity or individual's ability to control or direct others, while authority is influence that is predicated on perceived legitimacy.
- A system of centralized government in which the State has total authority over society and manipulates all aspects of culture including the arts, in order to control the private lives and morality of its citizens.
- a society, system of government, or organization that has different groups that keep their identities while existing with other groups or a more dominant group.
- despotic power exercised by a small and privileged group for corrupt or selfish purposes.
education - educational programs intended to make up for experiences (such as cultural experiences) lacked by disadvantaged children.
Sector - An economy includes any industry involved in the extraction and production of raw materials, such as farming, logging, hunting, fishing, forestry and mining.
schools a public school offering special instruction and programs not available elsewhere, designed to attract a more diverse student body from throughout a school district.
Tier - an occupational structure composed of smaller, less profitable firms.
Function - any function of an institution or other social phenomenon that is unintentional and often unrecognized.
Corporations - a corporation the ownership of which is held through publicly traded securities, and that is incorporated under, and subject to, the laws of a national, state, or territorial government.

Unit 7: Industry and Development 2022-04-28

Unit 7: Industry and Development crossword puzzle

Across

Economic activities concerned with the processing of raw materials, such as manufacturing, construction, and power generation
industries whose final products weigh more after assembly thatn they did previously in their constituent parts. production facilities close to markets. example: cars
the dispersal of an industry that formely existed in an established agglomeration
any antural resource that can replenish itself in a relatively short period of time, usually no longer than the length of a human life
countries including Britain, France, the US, Russia, Germany and Japan, that were all at the forefront of industrial production and innovation through the middle of the 20th century. While industry is currently shifting to other countries to take advantage of cheaper labor and more relaxed environmental standards, these
cities where US firms have factories just outside the US - Mexican border in areas that have been specially designated by the Mexican government. In such areas, factories cheaply assemble goods for export back into the US
area where governments create favorable investment and trading conditions to attract export-oriented industries
manufacturing activities in which the cost of trransporting both raw materials and finished product is not important for determing the location of the firm
provision of small loans to poorer people, typically women, to encourage the development of small business that are often community-oriented
highly developed economies that focus on research and development, marketing, tourism, sales, and telecommunication
location where large shipments of goods are broken up into smaller containers for delivery to local markets
idea that the world is becoming increasingly interconnected on a global scale such that smaller scales of political and economic life are becoming obsolete
total value of goods and services produced within the borders of a country during a specific time period, usually one year
total value of goods and services, including income recieved from abroad, produced by the residents of a country within a specific time period, usually one year
measure used by the UN that calculates development not in terms of money or productivity but in terms of human welfare. the HDI evaluates human welfare based on three parameters: life expectancy, education, and income
system of standardized mass production attributed to Henry Ford
economic activities in which natural resources are made available for use or further processing, including mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing
concept developed by Alfred Weber to describe the optimal location of a manufacturing establishment in relation to the costs of transport and labor and the relative advantages of agglomeration or deglomeration
form of tourism, based on the enjoyment of scenic areas or natural wonders, that aims to provide an experience of nature or culture in an environmentally sustainable way
activities that provide the market exchange of goods and that bring together consumers and providers of services, such as retail, transportation, government, personal, and professional services.
process of industrial development in whihc countries evolve economically, from producing basic, primary goods to using modern factories for mass-producing goods. At the highest levels of development, national economies are geared mainly toward the delivery of services and exchange of information
Goods that are not mass-produced but rather assembled individually or in small quantities
the process by which specific regions acquire characteristics that differentiate them from others within the same country. In economic geography, involves the development of dominant activities in particular regions
a measure of the opportunities given to women compared to men within a given country
a group of cities that form an interconnected, internationally dominant system of global control of finance and commerce
national or global regions where economic power, in terms of wealth, innovation, and advanced technology is concentrated
model of the spatial structure of development in which underdeveloped countries are defined by their dependence on a developed core region
A firm that conducts business in at least two separate countries' also known as multinational corporations

Down

example: silicon valley, research triangle, grouping together of many firms form the same industry in a single area for a collective or cooperative use of infrastructure and sharing of labor resources.
The most advanced form of quatenary activities consisting of high-level decision-making for large corporations or high-level scientific research "movers and shakers"
Economic activities that surround and support large-scale industries such as shipping and food service
natural resources, such as fossil fuels, that do not replenish themselves in a timeframe that is relevant for human consumption
Areas that have been specially designed to promote business transactions, and thus have become centers for banking and finance
measure of all goods and services produced by a country in a year, including production from its investments abroad, minus the loss or degradation of natural resource capital as a result of productivity
industries whose final products weigh less than their constituent parts, and whose processing facilities tend to be located close to sources of raw materials. ex: wood for paper mill
the rapid economic and social changes in manufacturing that resulted after the introduction of the factor system to the textile industry in Englad at the end of the 18th century
sending industrial processes out for external production. maquiladoras are an example
economic activities concerned with research, information, gathering, and administration
those newly industrialized countries with median standards of living, such as Chile, Brazil, India, China, Indonesia. Semiperipheral countries offer their citizens relatively diverse economic opportunities but also have extreme gaps between rich and poor
those countries, including countries in Africa, parts of South America and Asia that usualyl have low levels of economic productivity, low per capita incomes and generally low standards of living
the idea that people living today should be able to meet their needs without prohibiting the ability of future generations to do the same
countries thta usually have low levels of economic productivity, low per-capita incomes, and generally low standards of living. The world economic periphery includes Africa, parts of South America and Asia
an industry in which the production of goods and services is based in homes, as opposed to factories
loss of industrial activity in a region
when peripheral econoimes rely too heavily on the export of raw materials, which places them on unequal terms of exchange with more-developed ocuntries that export higher-value goods
negative effects on one region that result from economic growth within another region
developed by Wallerstein that explains the emergence of a core, periphery, and semiperiphery in terms of economic and politicalconnections first established at the beginning of exploration in the late 15th century and maintained through increased economic access up until the present

47 Clues: loss of industrial activity in a region • system of standardized mass production attributed to Henry Ford • the dispersal of an industry that formely existed in an established agglomeration • a measure of the opportunities given to women compared to men within a given country • ...

Crossword Puzzle on Positive and Negative Aspects of Forestry Conflict 2020-04-23

Crossword Puzzle on Positive and Negative Aspects of Forestry Conflict crossword puzzle

Across

a number after thirteen

Down

when someone is threatened

2 Clues: a number after thirteen • when someone is threatened

Agricultural Knowledge System 2023-05-11

Agricultural Knowledge System crossword puzzle

Across

term for the transformation of raw ingredients into food products through various physical and chemical processes
strategy can farmers use to increase their income and reduce their risks
term used to describe the efforts and practices to prevent soil degradation and maintain soil health for future generations
What farming system involves combining different agricultural practices such as crop cultivation, animal husbandry
farming approach aims to maintain long-term productivity and ecological balance while minimizing negative environmental and societal impacts
What is the practice of growing crops in containers
What is the measurement that indicates the acidity or alkalinity of soil
agricultural practice of growing multiple crops, often of different species
modern industrial method of farming that relies on synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and other technological interventions
substance controls or eliminates pests, including insects and rodents
common method is used to determine soil’s nutrient and pH levels
term for a repository that stores and preserves seeds for future use
something that is used to protect, contain, and preserve food during transportation and storage
holistic approach to designing and maintaining self-sufficient, productive ecosystems inspired by natural ecosystems and traditional farming practices
a farming technique that involves rotating the type of crops grown in a particular field over different seasons or years
What is the soilless method of growing plants using mineral nutrient solutions in a water solvent called
natural fertilizer made from animal waste and decaying organic matter
substance used to kill insects called
common agricultural practice involving water application to crops
important factor in determining plant growth and productivity
substance used to kill rodents
recommended technique for improving soil health and reducing weed growth in a garden or farm
common practice involving regulating and managing how land is utilized within a specific area
growing practice involves cultivating, processing, and distributing food within urban area
sustainable farming technique that combines aquaculture (raising aquatic animals) and hydroponics
What is the practice of growing crops on the sides of buildings
sustainable way to manage organic waste at home or in the garden
term for a structure designed to trap and retain heat commonly used in plant cultivation
What is the practice of growing crops without human intervention
sustainable method of agriculture that emphasizes using natural fertilizers, biological pest control
determining factor for determining the appropriateness of a piece of land for a specific use or activity
first step in establishing a new farm or garden
a substance used to control or kill unwanted plants
practice of cultivating land, raising animals, and producing crops
farming management strategy uses technology to optimize crop yields,
substance is used to provide plants with essential nutrients for growth
describe the ability of land to support various types of agricultural or non-agricultural activities
farming involves large-scale production for profit and often utilizes modern technologies and management techniques
abbreviation for Integrated Pest Management
describes the industry that involves agricultural production and related business activities
What is a key component of healthy soil that helps improve its fertility and structure
agricultural activity involves gathering crops or plants for food or other uses
term used to describe the process of controlling and developing the use of land resources

Down

cultivation of crops for market sale
term that refers to the complex web of activities and actors involved in producing, distributing, and consuming food
agricultural practice of growing a single crop species in a given area
What is the topic of concern regarding potential hazards and risks related to food handling, preparation, and consumption
arrangement of soil particles and their tendency to clump together called
large-scale, intensive farming practices that use modern technology, machinery, and chemical inputs
concept that refers to the right of people and communities to control their own food systems,
What is a common cause of reduced crop yields in coastal regions and arid climates
practice of growing different crops in the same field
process of deterioration in the quality of land, including soil, water, and vegetation, which can lead to reduced productivity and biodiversity loss
agricultural practice involves the deliberate manipulation of plant genetics to produce desired traits
substance used to kill or prevent the growth of fungi called
the term for farming aquatic plants and animals in a controlled environment
important for maintaining a productive and sustainable agricultural system
pesticide is derived from natural materials and used to control pests while minimizing environmental and human health harm
the process of creating new land by filling or dredging a body of water
What is the practice of growing crops in an arid climate
practice of growing crops for personal consumption
refers to the legal or customary arrangements that determine how land is owned, used, and transferred
field of science that combines biology and technology to develop new methods of improving agricultural practices
term refers to the process of starting and operating a business in the agricultural sector
common problem in households, restaurants, and supermarkets that contributes to environmental and economic issues
type of tourism that combines agricultural activities and environmental conservation
what is the physical composition of soil called
What common issue can arise from the excessive use of heavy machinery on soil
sustainable agricultural approach that emphasizes ecological principles and local knowledge while rejecting the use of synthetic inputs
the practice of growing crops in high-density areas
name given to the significant increase in agricultural production that occurred in the 1960s and 1970s
term for the practice of cultivating plants for food, medicine, and decoration
term used to describe the process of transferring ownership and management of a farm to the next generation of family members
type of tourism involves visiting and staying on farms or agricultural areas
practice of growing crops on a small scale
important factor for plant growth that is determined by the soil's nutrient content and physical properties
term used to describe a type of farming where people grow crops and raise animals mainly to meet the basic needs
term used to describe the condition where all people have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs
term refers to the variety of life forms on Earth and the ecological roles they perform
farming method that focuses on improving soil health, increasing biodiversity, and sequestering carbon while producing nutritious food
describe the amount of output per unit of land in agricultural production
what is the process by which soil is moved or washed away from its original location
activity that involves putting seeds or young plants into the ground to grow
term for the information provided on a food product's packaging that describes the nutritional content and ingredients
practice of growing crops in low-density areas
sustainable land use system that combines agriculture and forestry practices
term for domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting for the production of commodities such as meat, milk, and eggs
term for a domesticated, locally adapted plant or animal variety that has developed over time through traditional farming practices
name of the transparent, odorless, tasteless liquid essential for all life on Earth

89 Clues: substance used to kill rodents • cultivation of crops for market sale • substance used to kill insects called • practice of growing crops on a small scale • abbreviation for Integrated Pest Management • practice of growing crops in low-density areas • what is the physical composition of soil called • first step in establishing a new farm or garden • ...

AP HUG VOCAB PROJECT By Jicell Martinez Mendoza B7 2024-04-13

AP HUG VOCAB PROJECT By Jicell Martinez Mendoza B7 crossword puzzle

Across

A position of site occupied or available for occupancy or marked by some distinguishing feature. This can help us get to places or identify where something/somewhere is. This is very important because it’s what most of the unit talks about, there are different types of this and the unit also shows a lot of pictures of this word.(VIT1)
Migrating people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there. This encourages and facilitates settlement in a new country.(CC2)
The science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool and other products. This encompasses raising livestock, industrial forestry and fishing. It helps sustain life by providing the food we need for survival.(VIT5)
The belief that territory outside a given state should be made part of the state due to a large number of people living there or the same ethnicity as live in the state in question or due to the state having historically been in possession of the territory. This is based on the intersection between nationalism and the causes of war.(IDK4)
Arranged in or extending along a straight or nearly straight line. A settlement or group of buildings that is formed in a long line.(CC5)
A boundary line between two distinct linguistic regions. It can be a boundary between two different languages, or, more frequently, the boundary between two different dialects of the same language. This establishes boundaries which group together non standard dialect forms with similar distinctive linguistic features.(IDK2)
A particular point or part of space or of a surfaces, especially that occupies a person or thing. This is important because it can carry meaning, memories, cultures and people.(CC1)
The number of years a person can expect to live. This is important because it measures health status across all age groups.(VIT7)
To separate and move apart in different directions without order or regularity. To become scattered. This implies a wider separation and complete breaking up of a mass or group.(CC5)
The business practice of hiring a party outside a company to perform services or create goods that were traditionally performed in house by the company’s own employees and staff. This is important because companies use this to cut labor costs, including salaries for their personnel, overhead, equipment, and technology.(CC7)
Identification with one’s own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations. This identifies the nation as the central form of community and elevates it to its loyalty.(VIT4)
The custom arts, social institutions, ns achievement regarding collectively of a group of people from a nation or social group. This influences people's views, values, their humor, their hopes, loyalty, and worries or fears. This helps build relationships among people and when building relationships finding those similarities and understanding people's perspective.(VIT2)
A position or site occupied or available for occupancy or marked by some distinguishing feature. This plays a huge role in attracting and retaining the best employees.(CC1)
A political division of a body of people that occupies a territory defined by frontiers. The establishment of order and security its methods the laws and their enforcement is why this is important.(CC4)
A planning and development approach based on the principles of how cities and towns had been built for the last several centuries. This improve accessibility, improves transportation choice and reduces traffic speeds.(CC6)
The visual representations of geospatial data and the use of cartographic techniques to support visual analytics. This is important because it emphasizes information transmission and communicates geospatial information. This allows us to explore date and also for decision making processes.(IDK1)
A political approach that favors free market capitalism, deregulation, and reduction in government spending. This can affect freer markers, access to more product and services to meet consumer demand, greater revenue and higher profits.(IDK7)
changing patterns of population distribution in relation to changing patterns of mortality, fertility, like expectancy and leading causes of death. This provided an explanatory model for the emergence of modern epidemics of chronic diseases.(IDK2)

Down

A period of growth with an industrialized economy or nation in which the relative importance of manufacturing reduces. This focuses on theory Al knowledge creating new scientific disciplines and technological advances.(IDK7)
The process of becoming similar to others by taking in and using their customs and cultures. This allows humans to adapt to and learn about their environment.(CC2)
Cultural modification of an individual, group, or people by adapting to or borrowing traits from another culture. This can lead to changes in values, attitudes, abilities, motives, and personal identity.(CC2)
The analysis of the methods, the behavior and the results of elections in the context of geographic space and using geographical techniques.(IDK4)
The combining of different religions, cultures or ideas. This provides an opportunity to bring beliefs, values, and customs from one cultural tradition into contact with, and to engage different cultural traditions.(IDK2)
The existence of diversity within a society or group, including differences in terms of cultural background, beliefs, values, social norms, ethnicity, race, gender, and other characteristics that influence how people interact with one another.(IDK6)
The practice of relocating business processes or work functions to another country in order to cut costs and increase efficiency. This is helpful because it revolutionizes businesses by relocation operations to optimize costs, access specialized skills foster innovation and reshaping global industries.(CC7)
Dislike of or prejudice against people from other countries. This is an element of a political struggle about who has the right to be cared by the states and society.(IDK2)
The action or practice of moving livestock from one grazing to another in a seasonal cycle, typically to lowlands in winter and highlands in summer. This is an efficient way to maintain access to food in areas that otherwise do not support many other types of agriculture.n(IDK5)
When a migrant follows a path of a series of stages, or steps toward a final destination. This allows migrants to increase the likelihood of reaching the West.(CC2)
The technique of growing plants using a water based nutrient solution rather than soil. This is a solution to combat climate change, to reduce the environmental damage and species extinction caused by overexploitation and intensive farming.(IDK5)
A geographical area constituting a city or town. This is important for many reasons ranging from long term economic benefit to improved quality of life and reduced environmental impact.(VIT6)
The process whereby the character of a poor urban area is changed by wealthier people moving in, improving housing, and attracting new businesses. This results in the forced exodus of low income residents and minorities to make room for more affluent people.(CC6)
The movement of a person or people from one country, locality, place of residence to settle in another. It is important to know about this because it raises world GDP by raising productivity.(VIT2)
Rapidly growing suburban cities with a population greater than 100,000. This is important to population growth that have a larger amount of residents.(IDK6)
Another word for name, but it identifies specific locations. This can help people and ethnic groups to recognize their home and places in terms of their historical and cultural subjects, religious beliefs, and mythical custom ceremonies. This is important because it can uncover important historical information about a place.(IDK1)
A territory where all the people are led by the same government. This generates identity and loyalty.(CC4)

35 Clues: A territory where all the people are led by the same government. This generates identity and loyalty.(CC4) • The number of years a person can expect to live. This is important because it measures health status across all age groups.(VIT7) • ...

agriculture 2023-05-11

Across

term for the transformation of raw ingredients into food products through various physical and chemical processes
strategy can farmers use to increase their income and reduce their risks
term used to describe the efforts and practices to prevent soil degradation and maintain soil health for future generations
What farming system involves combining different agricultural practices such as crop cultivation, animal husbandry
farming approach aims to maintain long-term productivity and ecological balance while minimizing negative environmental and societal impacts
What is the practice of growing crops in containers
What is the measurement that indicates the acidity or alkalinity of soil
agricultural practice of growing multiple crops, often of different species
modern industrial method of farming that relies on synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and other technological interventions
substance controls or eliminates pests, including insects and rodents
common method is used to determine soil’s nutrient and pH levels
term for a repository that stores and preserves seeds for future use
something that is used to protect, contain, and preserve food during transportation and storage
holistic approach to designing and maintaining self-sufficient, productive ecosystems inspired by natural ecosystems and traditional farming practices
a farming technique that involves rotating the type of crops grown in a particular field over different seasons or years
What is the soilless method of growing plants using mineral nutrient solutions in a water solvent called
natural fertilizer made from animal waste and decaying organic matter
substance used to kill insects called
common agricultural practice involving water application to crops
important factor in determining plant growth and productivity
substance used to kill rodents
recommended technique for improving soil health and reducing weed growth in a garden or farm
common practice involving regulating and managing how land is utilized within a specific area
growing practice involves cultivating, processing, and distributing food within urban area
sustainable farming technique that combines aquaculture (raising aquatic animals) and hydroponics
What is the practice of growing crops on the sides of buildings
sustainable way to manage organic waste at home or in the garden
term for a structure designed to trap and retain heat commonly used in plant cultivation
What is the practice of growing crops without human intervention
sustainable method of agriculture that emphasizes using natural fertilizers, biological pest control
determining factor for determining the appropriateness of a piece of land for a specific use or activity
first step in establishing a new farm or garden
a substance used to control or kill unwanted plants
practice of cultivating land, raising animals, and producing crops
farming management strategy uses technology to optimize crop yields,
substance is used to provide plants with essential nutrients for growth
describe the ability of land to support various types of agricultural or non-agricultural activities
farming involves large-scale production for profit and often utilizes modern technologies and management techniques
abbreviation for Integrated Pest Management
describes the industry that involves agricultural production and related business activities
What is a key component of healthy soil that helps improve its fertility and structure
agricultural activity involves gathering crops or plants for food or other uses
term used to describe the process of controlling and developing the use of land resources

Down

cultivation of crops for market sale
term that refers to the complex web of activities and actors involved in producing, distributing, and consuming food
agricultural practice of growing a single crop species in a given area
What is the topic of concern regarding potential hazards and risks related to food handling, preparation, and consumption
arrangement of soil particles and their tendency to clump together called
large-scale, intensive farming practices that use modern technology, machinery, and chemical inputs
concept that refers to the right of people and communities to control their own food systems,
What is a common cause of reduced crop yields in coastal regions and arid climates
practice of growing different crops in the same field
process of deterioration in the quality of land, including soil, water, and vegetation, which can lead to reduced productivity and biodiversity loss
agricultural practice involves the deliberate manipulation of plant genetics to produce desired traits
substance used to kill or prevent the growth of fungi called
the term for farming aquatic plants and animals in a controlled environment
important for maintaining a productive and sustainable agricultural system
pesticide is derived from natural materials and used to control pests while minimizing environmental and human health harm
the process of creating new land by filling or dredging a body of water
What is the practice of growing crops in an arid climate
practice of growing crops for personal consumption
refers to the legal or customary arrangements that determine how land is owned, used, and transferred
field of science that combines biology and technology to develop new methods of improving agricultural practices
term refers to the process of starting and operating a business in the agricultural sector
common problem in households, restaurants, and supermarkets that contributes to environmental and economic issues
type of tourism that combines agricultural activities and environmental conservation
what is the physical composition of soil called
What common issue can arise from the excessive use of heavy machinery on soil
sustainable agricultural approach that emphasizes ecological principles and local knowledge while rejecting the use of synthetic inputs
the practice of growing crops in high-density areas
name given to the significant increase in agricultural production that occurred in the 1960s and 1970s
term for the practice of cultivating plants for food, medicine, and decoration
term used to describe the process of transferring ownership and management of a farm to the next generation of family members
type of tourism involves visiting and staying on farms or agricultural areas
practice of growing crops on a small scale
important factor for plant growth that is determined by the soil's nutrient content and physical properties
term used to describe a type of farming where people grow crops and raise animals mainly to meet the basic needs
term used to describe the condition where all people have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs
term refers to the variety of life forms on Earth and the ecological roles they perform
farming method that focuses on improving soil health, increasing biodiversity, and sequestering carbon while producing nutritious food
describe the amount of output per unit of land in agricultural production
what is the process by which soil is moved or washed away from its original location
activity that involves putting seeds or young plants into the ground to grow
term for the information provided on a food product's packaging that describes the nutritional content and ingredients
practice of growing crops in low-density areas
sustainable land use system that combines agriculture and forestry practices
term for domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting for the production of commodities such as meat, milk, and eggs
term for a domesticated, locally adapted plant or animal variety that has developed over time through traditional farming practices
name of the transparent, odorless, tasteless liquid essential for all life on Earth

Agriculture 2025-12-10

Across

agriculture- An agricultural practice that consists of growing hardy trees and shrubs and raising sheep and goats.
Agricultural Revolution- A change in farming practices, marked by new tools and techniques, that diffused from Britain and the Low Countries starting in the early 18th century.
economic activity- Economic sector associated with the production of goods from raw materials; includes manufacturing, processing, and construction.
a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community - smaller scale than a pandemic
for nature swaps- Agreement between a bank and a peripheral country in which the bank forgives a portion of the country’s debt in exchange for local investment in conservation measures.
and bounds system- A system of land surveying east of the Appalachian Mountains, It is a system that relies on descriptions of land ownership and natural features such as streams or trees. Because of the imprecise nature of metes and bounds surveying, the U.S. The Land Office Survey abandoned the technique in favor of the rectangular survey system.
The movement of herds between pastures at cooler, higher elevations during the summer months and lower elevations during the winter.
nomadism- A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals.
Revolution- Movement beginning in the 1950s and 1960s in which scientists used knowledge of genetics to develop new high yield strains of grain crops.
Modified Organisms (GMO)- A plant or animal with specific characteristics obtained through the manipulation of its genetic makeup.
Carl –Root & Seed Crop Hearths (map)- Created Crop hearth map; identified agriculture as a hearth independent invention and said agriculture was not accidental but deliberate
Added to the crop and soil to increase yields.
system- system that delineates property lines
diseases- spread through direct contact between host and victim. No intermediary involved. Aids, for example
economic activity- Economic sector that is a subset of tertiary sector activities that require workers to process and handle information and environmental technology.
cultivation- The agricultural practice of growing crops or grazing animals on a piece of land for a year or two, then abandoning that land when the nutrients have been depleted from the soil and moving to a new piece of land where the process is repeated.
settlements- clustered rural settlement pattern where villages are located together and surrounded by farmland
agriculture- An agricultural practice that focuses on producing crops and raising animals for the market for others to purchase.
agriculture- An agricultural practice with relatively few inputs and little investment in labor and capital that results in relatively low outputs.
disease- A disease carried from one host to another by an intermediate host.
exchange- The exchange of goods and ideas between the Americas, Europe, and Africa that began after Christopher Columbus landed in the Americas in 1492.
Agriculture- An agricultural practice that provides crops or livestock to feed one’s family and close community using fewer mechanical resources and more people to care for the crops and livestock.
The large-scale system that includes the production, processing, and distribution of agricultural products and equipment.
A form of commercial agriculture that specializes in the production of milk and other dairy products.
agriculture- Approach to farming and ranching that avoids the use of herbicides, pesticides, growth hormones, and other similar synthetic inputs.
economic activity- Economic sector that includes a host of activities that involve the transport, storage, marketing, and selling of goods or services; also called the service sector.
of the commons- the idea that people will take and use resources to their own advantage, not stopping to think about the future and other people
and range system- Creates rectangular plots of consistent size (Six miles long and six miles wide).
lot survey system- Distinct regional approach to land surveying found in the Canadian Maritimes, parts of Quebec, Louisiana, and Texas whereby land is divided into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, or canals.
Chemicals used in farming to kill pests

Down

Chemicals used in farming to kill weeds
agriculture- A type of large-scale commercial farming of one particular crop grown for markets often distant from the plantation.
wetlands- Deliberate modification of earth to dry out wetlands through the formation of canal systems to increase land use, thus increasing carrying capacity.
Chains- A network of people, information, processes, and resources that work together to produce, handle, and distribute a commodity or product.
farming- The process of carving parts of a hill or mountainside into small, level growing plots.
trade- A movement that tries to provide farmers and workers in peripheral and semi-peripheral countries with a fair price for their products by providing more equitable trading conditions.
crops- Non-subsistence crops such as tea, cacao, coffee, and tobacco.
The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers.
farming- establishment or performance of agriculture practice in a city setting; rooftop gardens or community gardens for example
Agricultural Revolution (Neolithic)- The shift from foraging for food to farming about 11,000 years ago, marking the beginning of agriculture.
economic activity- Economic sector that is a subset of the quaternary sector; involves the very top leaders of government, science, universities, nonprofits, health care, culture, and media.
agriculture- An agricultural practice in which farmers expand a great deal of effort to produce as much yield as possible from an area of land.
added model- a change in the physical state or form of the product (such as milling wheat into flour or making strawberries into jam); the production of a product in a manner that enhances its value (such as organically produced products)
Climatic Classifications- Developed by Wladimir Koppen, a system for classifying the world’s climates on the basis of temperature and precipitation.
gardening- A type of farming that produces fruits, vegetables, and flowers and typically serves a specific market or urban area.
Mono-cropping- The agricultural system of planting one crop or raising one type of animal annually.
farming- Farming using chemicals such as fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides
A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area.
of scale- Cost reductions that occur when production rises.
Crops/Livestock- A type of farming in which both crops and livestock are raised for profit.
salinization- Improper use of irrigation or water high in salt content can cause salinization of the soil. Salinization occurs when salts from water used by plants remain in the soil. Results in lower yields.
Thunen, Johann - Von Thunen model of rural land use - A model that suggests that perishability of the product and transport costs to the market each factor into the location of agricultural land use and activity.
food movement- Seeking out food produced nearby.
The use of Earth’s land and natural resources in ways that ensure they will continue to be available in the future.
Rent Theory- A theory that describes the relationships between land value, commercial location, and transportation (primarily in urban areas) using a bid-rent gradient, or slope; used to describe how land costs are determined.
Loss of forested land.
A form of land degradation that occurs when soil deteriorates to a desertlike condition.
agriculture- A method of agriculture in which existing vegetation is cut down and burned off before new seeds are sown; often used when clearing land.
efforts- the sustainable use and management of Earth’s natural resources to meet human need such as food and medicine
economic activity- Economic sector associated with removing or harvesting products from the earth; includes agriculture, fishing, forestry, mining or quarrying, and extracting liquids or gas.
Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.
The cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions.

62 Clues: Loss of forested land. • Chemicals used in farming to kill weeds • Chemicals used in farming to kill pests • Added to the crop and soil to increase yields. • system- system that delineates property lines • The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers. • food movement- Seeking out food produced nearby. • The cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions. • ...

Ohio 4-H Older Youth Opportunities 2024-10-11

Ohio 4-H Older Youth Opportunities crossword puzzle

Across

Held at the Greater Columbus Convention Center, this day-long conference provides teens with educational sessions pertaining to 4-H projects, 4-H opportunities, leadership development, and current events. Includes buffet lunch and opportunities for networking
This is held at the National 4-H Center (Chevy Chase, MD). It gives 4-H youth the opportunity to explore, develop, and refine the civic engagement skills they need to be outstanding leaders in their home communities and at the national level. Through sightseeing tours in the living classroom of Washington, D.C. and hands-on educational workshops, youth learn about the history of our nation, the leaders who have shaped it, and how they can apply the leadership and citizenship skills they have learned when they return home.
The mission of the conference is to reward delegates for their state level achievements in the area of dairy cows and dairy goats, provide delegates the opportunity to practice new dairy related skills, observe new dairy techniques, encourage delegates to conduct educational dairy activities in their local communities, foster an increased understanding and appreciation of the dairy industry, meet new people, and share ideas.
This program is conducted at 4-H Camp Ohio and emphasizes recreational leadership skills and fun activities.
Held at Recreation Unlimited (Ashley, Ohio). This learning, sharing workshop is intended as a balanced program of social, physical, mental, and spiritual activities. It is a powerful learning environment in which anyone who works with people, professionally or informally, can develop programming for youth or adults.
Held on the campus of the Ohio State University, this program focuses on college and career readiness for Ohio 4-H members. Participants will have the chance to develop valuable skills, make new friends, and fuel individual growth.
A traffic safety program conducted by 4-H teen leaders and their program partners for juvenile traffic offenders.
This club or group provides an opportunity for teens to improve leadership skills while working together in a social environment. Teens increase their skills in leadership, citizenship, and community service and also develop social skills through interactions with their peers and adult leaders.
Hosted in Washington, D.C. – National 4-H Conference is a premier civic engagement opportunity for 4-H members. It is administered by NIFA and USDA. Delegates become familiar with government and future career opportunities and share their voice with federal agencies and congressional committees.
A small group of outstanding 4-H youth involved in 4-H textiles and clothing projects. Individuals are selected from across the state to: a) assist in conducting the Ohio State Fair 4-H Fashion Revue; b) assist with educational programming efforts related to textiles and clothing at county, regional, and state-wide events; c) serve as an advocate for Ohio’s 4-H textiles and clothing projects and programs.
embers are part of the highest youth decision-making and advisement and body in the state’s 4-H program. Members work together to improve Ohio 4-H programming, administration, and relevance to youth in today’s society through cooperation with state 4-H leaders, active support of new and innovative 4-H programming, and advocacy for 4-H and youth issues
Short term role to assist with Ohio 4-H events in the summer, such as the Ohio State Fair project judging. Serve as speakers, emcees, program facilitators, hosts or hostesses, committee members, and in many other youth leadership roles for 4-H and Extension programs and events throughout the state.
Membership comprised of individuals from each of the youth organizations represented at the Ohio State Fair. Members are expected to attend meetings and stay at the fair for the entire 12 days, where they help strengthen and coordinate activities in a fast-paced, action-packed month at the Ohio State Fair.
4-H Cultural Immersion Project (CIP) experience in Puerto Rico. Is a great way to better understand a different culture without leaving the United States. This experience immerses youth in a different culture and builds multicultural skills and understanding. Teens will experience both the Old San Juan urban area as well as life in the remote mountain town of Castañer. We will also be working with Puerto Rican youth in joint service projects and leading teambuilding activities for students at University Gardens High School in San Juan.

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Established in an effort to encourage and inspire more 4-H teens to become responsible citizens who are involved in local government. This award is designed to reinforce the importance of having youth become contributing citizens in their communities. Annual selection of monetary award.
The National 4-H Shooting Sports Ambassador program provides an excellent opportunity for 4-H'ers active in shooting sports projects to demonstrate their skills in leadership, citizenship and community service through ambassador activities that promote and encourage the 4-H Shooting Sports Program.
This is part of a national initiative involving 49 states and the District of Columbia with high levels of National Guard and Reserve deployment. Programs are designed for military youth to help them find positive ways to cope with the stress of their family member's deployment. Residential camping is one such program. Camp is held at Kelleys Island.
These awards recognize a 4-H member's achievement in a specific area. Areas include Beef, *Camping, Citizenship & Community Service, Clothing & Textiles, Communications, Companion Animals, Creative Arts, Dairy, Family Life & Child Development, Foods & Nutrition, Gardening & Horticulture, Goat, *Healthy Living, Horse, Leadership, Llamas & Alpacas, Mechanical Engineering, *Natural Resources, Personal Development, Photography, Poultry, Rabbits, *Safety, Sheep, Shooting Sports, *STEM, Swine, Veterinary Science. *Workforce Development, and Woodworking. Award recipients receive a paid trip to National 4-H Congress in Atlanta, Georgia in the fall.
The 4-H Global Immersion Project is a cross-cultural and agricultural career field exploration program designed to help youth learn about Ag careers, cross-cultural interactions, workforce preparation and leadership skills. In this experience, teens will be part of a “Work Internship” with American Farm School in Thessaloniki Greece. High school students will work in cohorts focused on different program units that include Animal and Plant Production, Food Science & Technology, and more.
This is held on Kelleys Island at Lake Erie. Campers learn about one of Ohio's most important resources: Lake Erie! Campers will be in, on, and around the water as they explore the science of the lake, learn marine-related skills, and discover the history and recreational uses of our great lake. Campers will learn about safe boating in Ohio and have the opportunity to earn their Ohio Boater Education certificate.
The Urban Immersion Project is a 4-H initiative that combines cross-cultural learning, teamwork, and service-learning in the urban environment of Washington, DC. UIP Experience is designed to build skills and abilities to prepare youth for success in a diverse workplace as well as build a cultural understanding of those who are different.
Many funds currently exist for Ohio 4-H members. The majority are for graduates attending The Ohio State University, but several exist for members attending any accredited post-secondary institution. Monetary amounts and requirements vary, but application focus is on 4-H participation and leadership.
Join Ohio 4-H & Hocking College professionals at Canters Cave 4-H Camp for a weekend of learning about forestry & wildlife education, fishing, hiking, tree climbing, ODNR careers & college opportunities and more
This is held at Canter's Cave 4-H Camp, Jackson, Ohio. Campers select a shooting sports discipline to focus on for the week and enjoy other traditional 4-H camp activities.
Opportunity designed for youth who have proven leadership abilities and are willing to take on major responsibilities before and during their county fair.
Develop advanced leadership abilities by serving in this role, as peer helpers, teen program assistants, and in other capacities. Undergo the training and program planning process specific to the particular camp. A variety of day-camp and residential-camps exist in each county.
The premier leadership development opportunity available for Ohio 4-H members. The focus of the five-day leadership experience is the development of concrete peer leadership skills that will enhance participants to have an immediate impact in their home 4-H club, county, community, or school.

27 Clues: This program is conducted at 4-H Camp Ohio and emphasizes recreational leadership skills and fun activities. • A traffic safety program conducted by 4-H teen leaders and their program partners for juvenile traffic offenders. • ...

KIS - Geography Glossary 2025-11-28

KIS - Geography Glossary crossword puzzle

Across

A measure of how much a greenhouse gas is estimated to contribute to global warming over a specific time period compared to carbon dioxide.
The rechargeable component that supplies electric energy to an electric vehicle.
A change which is a result or consequence of an action or other cause.
A process where an increase in the amount of greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere from human activities causes Earth to heat up, as less re-radiated heat from solar radiation escapes into space.
A process where greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere trap re-radiated heat from solar radiation and keep Earth warm
The fossil fuel-powered engine that allows a traditional vehicle to move.
Frozen seawater that floats on the ocean surface, usually occurring within the Arctic Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and their adjacent seas.
An increase in the volume of water as a result of heating.
The process in which an economy grows or changes and becomes more advanced, especially when both economic and social conditions are improved.
The process of change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment.
A powerful low-pressure system with rotating, moist air, strong winds, and heavy rainfall, forming where sea temperature is over 27°C.
The average weather in a given area over a longer period of time. A description of a climate includes information on, e.g. the average temperature in different seasons, rainfall, and sunshine.
Processes and actions required for collecting, treating, recycling, and disposing of different waste materials in a way that minimises environmental and public health impacts.
The increase in average global temperature over the past century
A treaty (document) between different countries to form an alliance toward a common goal, ensuring that everyone is held to the decided standard.
Energy sources other than fossil fuels (e.g., solar, hydro, wind, nuclear)
To force (someone) to leave their home, typically because of war, persecution, or natural disaster.
The situation in which a person does not have access to sufficient, affordable, or healthy food to meet their basic needs for an active lifestyle.
The way a person or group of people live, including where they live, what they own, the kind of job they do, the activities they enjoy, how they spend their money and how they behave towards others and the environment.
The set of conditions in which living takes place. It is the complex system of physical, chemical and biological factors, of living and non-living elements and of the relationships in which all the organisms that inhabit the planet are immersed.
A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall in an area. It can last for days, weeks or even years.
Natural sources of energy that are replenished at a higher rate than they are consumed (e.g., sunlight and wind).
An increase in the level of the world's oceans due to the effects of global warming.
The process that implies the expulsion of the symbiotic algae that live in their tissue, causing them to turn white. The white colour indicates a situation of stress that, if prolonged, can lead to the death of the marine invertebrate.
A reversal of the prevailing winds in an area which can cause a change in in rainfall patterns
An extended period of hot weather compared to the expected conditions

Down

A person forced to leave their home due to the impacts of climate change.
The action of reducing the severity, seriousness, or painfulness of something.
Gases in Earth's atmosphere that trap heat by absorbing infrared radiation, and warm the planet (e.g., carbon dioxide and methane)
The process of frozen ocean water transitioning to liquid, caused by warming temperatures that increase heat absorption and disrupt polar ecosystems.
Any method that captures carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and stores it durably (e.g. Direct Air Capture, Afforestation, Carbon Farming, Forestry, etc.)
The increasing concentration of population in urban areas, causing city growth and expansion, driven by people moving from rural areas.
Resources whose replenishment period is longer than the human lifetime (e.g., coal, gas, oil, uranium).
Any barrier, dike, or sea wall built in the vicinity of the sea to prevent low-lying areas from flooding.
and Storage (CCS) The process of trapping carbon dioxide produced by burning fossil fuels or other chemical or biological processes and storing it in such a way that it is unable to affect the atmosphere
Changes in temperature and weather patterns over a long period of time.
Planting trees in an area that has not had tree cover recently.
Tiny particles including ash, sulphur dioxide, and water vapour that a volcano ejects into the atmosphere during an eruption.
Earth’s axis of rotation is tilted as it travels around the Sun; this is why Earth has seasons. Over the last million years, it has varied between 22.1 and 24.5 degrees with respect to Earth’s orbital plane. The greater Earth’s axial tilt angle, the more extreme our seasons are, as each hemisphere receives more solar radiation during its summer, when the hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun, and less during winter, when it is tilted away.
It is the measure that determines how much the shape of Earth’s orbit departs from a perfect circle. These variations affect the distance between Earth and the Sun.
The degree of hotness or coldness of an object.
Treating everyone fairly in addressing climate change, considering past inequalities.
It ranges from emission of gases, non-explosive lava emissions, to extremely violent explosive bursts that may last many hours. It occurs when there is a sudden or continuing release of energy caused by near-surface or surface magma movement. The energy can be in the form of earthquakes, gas-emission at the surface, release of heat (geothermal activity), explosive release of gases (including steam with the interaction of magma and surface of ground water), and the non-explosive extrusion or intrusion of magma.
Measurement of how much water falls as rain in a specific period of time (e.g. day, week, month, year).
A short period of cold weather compared to the expected conditions.
The state of the Earth's atmosphere at a specific place and time, typically described in terms of temperature, humidity, cloud cover, etc.
An economic system of a country that reduces its greenhouse gas emissions to the point at which the gases released in the atmosphere are offset by the gases removed. This is achieved by reducing emissions and using carbon removal technologies/techniques.
An amount of something, especially a gas that harms the environment, that is sent out into the air.
Wobbling movement of the Earth on its rotational axis. It makes seasonal contrasts more extreme in one hemisphere and less extreme in the other, with an interval of 13000 years (more or less).
A short period of time between glacial periods, with warmer temperatures and sea levels similar to today.
Cooler parts of the Sun’s surface caused by massive changes in the Sun’s magnetic field. Historical records suggest that they affect the temperature on Earth.
A measure of the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere as a result of the activities of a particular individual, organisation, or community.
Tropical cyclone with sustained winds of 74 mph or higher, forming over tropical or subtropical waters.
A natural, non-renewable source of energy (e.g. coal, oil, gas), formed millions of years ago from the remains of living organisms.
The removal and destruction of a forest or stand of trees from land that is then converted to non-forest use.
An event, condition or situation that brings about an effect or a result.
An overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry.
Decrease in size, amount, or degree
A prolonged period of cold global temperatures, with large continental ice sheets over 2 km thick on North America, Scandinavia, and Scotland. Global temperatures drop as much as 5 degrees Celsius, greenhouse gases are significantly reduced, and sea level can be over 120 metres lower.

59 Clues: Decrease in size, amount, or degree • The degree of hotness or coldness of an object. • An increase in the volume of water as a result of heating. • An overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry. • Planting trees in an area that has not had tree cover recently. • The increase in average global temperature over the past century • ...

Agriculture 2025-12-10

Across

agriculture- An agricultural practice that consists of growing hardy trees and shrubs and raising sheep and goats.
Agricultural Revolution- A change in farming practices, marked by new tools and techniques, that diffused from Britain and the Low Countries starting in the early 18th century.
economic activity- Economic sector associated with the production of goods from raw materials; includes manufacturing, processing, and construction.
a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community - smaller scale than a pandemic
for nature swaps- Agreement between a bank and a peripheral country in which the bank forgives a portion of the country’s debt in exchange for local investment in conservation measures.
and bounds system- A system of land surveying east of the Appalachian Mountains, It is a system that relies on descriptions of land ownership and natural features such as streams or trees. Because of the imprecise nature of metes and bounds surveying, the U.S. The Land Office Survey abandoned the technique in favor of the rectangular survey system.
The movement of herds between pastures at cooler, higher elevations during the summer months and lower elevations during the winter.
nomadism- A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals.
Revolution- Movement beginning in the 1950s and 1960s in which scientists used knowledge of genetics to develop new high yield strains of grain crops.
Modified Organisms (GMO)- A plant or animal with specific characteristics obtained through the manipulation of its genetic makeup.
Carl –Root & Seed Crop Hearths (map)- Created Crop hearth map; identified agriculture as a hearth independent invention and said agriculture was not accidental but deliberate
Added to the crop and soil to increase yields.
system- system that delineates property lines
diseases- spread through direct contact between host and victim. No intermediary involved. Aids, for example
economic activity- Economic sector that is a subset of tertiary sector activities that require workers to process and handle information and environmental technology.
cultivation- The agricultural practice of growing crops or grazing animals on a piece of land for a year or two, then abandoning that land when the nutrients have been depleted from the soil and moving to a new piece of land where the process is repeated.
settlements- clustered rural settlement pattern where villages are located together and surrounded by farmland
agriculture- An agricultural practice that focuses on producing crops and raising animals for the market for others to purchase.
agriculture- An agricultural practice with relatively few inputs and little investment in labor and capital that results in relatively low outputs.
disease- A disease carried from one host to another by an intermediate host.
exchange- The exchange of goods and ideas between the Americas, Europe, and Africa that began after Christopher Columbus landed in the Americas in 1492.
Agriculture- An agricultural practice that provides crops or livestock to feed one’s family and close community using fewer mechanical resources and more people to care for the crops and livestock.
The large-scale system that includes the production, processing, and distribution of agricultural products and equipment.
A form of commercial agriculture that specializes in the production of milk and other dairy products.
agriculture- Approach to farming and ranching that avoids the use of herbicides, pesticides, growth hormones, and other similar synthetic inputs.
economic activity- Economic sector that includes a host of activities that involve the transport, storage, marketing, and selling of goods or services; also called the service sector.
of the commons- the idea that people will take and use resources to their own advantage, not stopping to think about the future and other people
and range system- Creates rectangular plots of consistent size (Six miles long and six miles wide).
lot survey system- Distinct regional approach to land surveying found in the Canadian Maritimes, parts of Quebec, Louisiana, and Texas whereby land is divided into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, or canals.
Chemicals used in farming to kill pests

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Chemicals used in farming to kill weeds
agriculture- A type of large-scale commercial farming of one particular crop grown for markets often distant from the plantation.
wetlands- Deliberate modification of earth to dry out wetlands through the formation of canal systems to increase land use, thus increasing carrying capacity.
Chains- A network of people, information, processes, and resources that work together to produce, handle, and distribute a commodity or product.
farming- The process of carving parts of a hill or mountainside into small, level growing plots.
trade- A movement that tries to provide farmers and workers in peripheral and semi-peripheral countries with a fair price for their products by providing more equitable trading conditions.
crops- Non-subsistence crops such as tea, cacao, coffee, and tobacco.
The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers.
farming- establishment or performance of agriculture practice in a city setting; rooftop gardens or community gardens for example
Agricultural Revolution (Neolithic)- The shift from foraging for food to farming about 11,000 years ago, marking the beginning of agriculture.
economic activity- Economic sector that is a subset of the quaternary sector; involves the very top leaders of government, science, universities, nonprofits, health care, culture, and media.
agriculture- An agricultural practice in which farmers expand a great deal of effort to produce as much yield as possible from an area of land.
added model- a change in the physical state or form of the product (such as milling wheat into flour or making strawberries into jam); the production of a product in a manner that enhances its value (such as organically produced products)
Climatic Classifications- Developed by Wladimir Koppen, a system for classifying the world’s climates on the basis of temperature and precipitation.
gardening- A type of farming that produces fruits, vegetables, and flowers and typically serves a specific market or urban area.
Mono-cropping- The agricultural system of planting one crop or raising one type of animal annually.
farming- Farming using chemicals such as fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides
A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area.
of scale- Cost reductions that occur when production rises.
Crops/Livestock- A type of farming in which both crops and livestock are raised for profit.
salinization- Improper use of irrigation or water high in salt content can cause salinization of the soil. Salinization occurs when salts from water used by plants remain in the soil. Results in lower yields.
Thunen, Johann - Von Thunen model of rural land use - A model that suggests that perishability of the product and transport costs to the market each factor into the location of agricultural land use and activity.
food movement- Seeking out food produced nearby.
The use of Earth’s land and natural resources in ways that ensure they will continue to be available in the future.
Rent Theory- A theory that describes the relationships between land value, commercial location, and transportation (primarily in urban areas) using a bid-rent gradient, or slope; used to describe how land costs are determined.
Loss of forested land.
A form of land degradation that occurs when soil deteriorates to a desertlike condition.
agriculture- A method of agriculture in which existing vegetation is cut down and burned off before new seeds are sown; often used when clearing land.
efforts- the sustainable use and management of Earth’s natural resources to meet human need such as food and medicine
economic activity- Economic sector associated with removing or harvesting products from the earth; includes agriculture, fishing, forestry, mining or quarrying, and extracting liquids or gas.
Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.
The cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions.

WHEP Glossary Terms 2015-04-16

Across

declining in health and/or productivity
to gather food in a systematic manner
an insect-eating animal
a plant with wide blade leaves such as an oak or cottonwood. Seeds are born from flowering parts in contrast to conifers which bear seeds in cones
seed occurring naturally in the top few inches of soil
a group of individuals of the same species living in a given area that interact with each other
behavioral term for fish that breed in salt water, but mature in fresh water (see anadromous)
a small fish, especially up to one year of age
referring to trees and shrubs
n. leaves and ends of twigs of woody species; v. to eat browse
having thick fleshy leaves that conserve moisture
most often used in natural resources management to describe disruption of continuity of a vegetation or type community; for example, an interstate highway can cause fragmentation of a forest
species plant or animal species with a disproportionate influence in its community relative to its abundance
in forestry, refers to young trees
to stimulate and return to good health and vigor
plain large, nearly level areas of land near ocean shores
microscopic floating and suspended aquatic plants
an animal that eats both plant and animal material
species: a species in danger of becoming extinct
the mixing of vegetation types or successional stages; high interspersion represents a lot of mixing; low interspersion represents little mixing
organisms that reduce animal carcasses and waste and dead plant material into nutrients
sluggish; not producing to potential
the surroundings that affect the growth and development of an organism including other plants and animals, climate and location
accumulation of dead grass and leaves on the ground
the arrangement of vegetation types or successional stages
a behavioral term that describes primary activity near dawn and dusk
successional stage occurring prior to climax stage, but further development is inhibited by some factor(s) other than climate
range the area used by an animal; usually described as the area that encompasses the daily, seasonal, and annual movements of an animal
lack of normal precipitation for an extended period of time; long period with little or no rain
plants adapted to dry conditions; often store water in leaves and other parts of the plant; usually have small leaves and thorns
area space or area represented by tree stems at 4.5 feet above ground; for example, a basal area of 60 square feet per acre means that of 43,560 square feet of available space (1 acre), tree trunks represent 60 square feet of that space 4.5 feet above ground
chain: step by step passage of energy and nutrients through an ecosystem; for example, clover—deer—mountain lion
an area with scattered trees maintained by fire and/or grazing
the process of tending and managing a forest
when referring to plants, those that complete their life cycle from seed to mature seed-bearing plant in one growing season
usually referring to soil high in available nutrients
replacement of one vegetation type or seral stage by another
a series of successional stages at a particular site, leading to a mature, climax community
a strip or block of cover that connects otherwise isolated areas for a particular wildlife species
plant-eating animal
elimination of solid body waste by animals
n. refers to the vegetation eaten by animals; v. to search for food
having harmful effects
litter dead and decaying organic matter found on the ground such as leaves, branches and dead plants

Down

stand: a contiguous area of trees of similar species composition, age and structure that can managed as a unit
plants that shed their leaves annually
plants that do not lose all their leaves at one time, including some conifers, but also many broadleaf trees and shrubs such as live oak and American holly
dry, receives little precipitation
referring to topography
plants that bear seeds in a pod; examples include lespedezas, clovers, soybeans, peas and black locust
usually used to describe the periodic movement to and from a breeding area; may also be used to explain other seasonal movements, such as altitudinal migration in elevation in response to snow cover and food availability
the natural breakdown and decay of dead plant and animal material
a meat-eating animal
usually refers to non-coniferous trees bearing leaves
chemicals used to kill or control the growth of 252 Wildlife Habitat Education Program undesirable plants
keeping something out of an area
behavioral term for fish that breed in fresh water, but mature in salt water, such as Coho salmon (see catadromous)
to vary, or rise and fall irregularly
an elevated, relatively level expanse of land; sometimes called table land
the plant community along with the animal community together with soil, air, water, and sunlight
the process of changing from one form to another
usually refers to planting trees in an area that was previously forested and recently harvested
the area adjacent to and influenced by a water source such as a creek, stream, river, pond, lake, swamp or other wetland
planting trees in an area that previously was not forested; for example, planting trees in a field coming out of agricultural production
the physical and biological resources (food, cover, water) required by a species within an area of sufficient size (space) for that species
where two vegetation types or seral stages meet
the plant or animal species that is the most common in an area
a type of organism whose members can freely interbreed with each other and genetically are very similar; do not necessarily interact or located together
residue left on the ground after trees are harvested
stage a successional stage in a sere
plant and animal species originating historically or migrating naturally to a particular ecoregion
cover: the amount of ground covered by the branches, leaves and stems of plants; can specify as herbaceous, shrub, tree or all canopy cover; expressed as a percentage
breaking down the protective coating on various species of seed allowing the seed to germinate; often facilitated by fire or digestion
chemicals required for plants and animals to grow and exist
capacity: the maximum population that an area can sustain without causing some type of damage; usually related to food, cover, water, or space for a particular species (biological carrying capacity), but the term is sometimes applicable to cultural limitations for humans
where two vegetation types or seral stages meet and blend gradually with characteristics of both communities represented
the winter den or shelter for various species
plant species that grow from a root system that remains alive more than two years
to supply or expose water with air to increase dissolved oxygen and release harmful gases
type: a community or assemblage of plants commonly found in association with each other
to make a cavity or hole
(compensatory and additive) – death of individuals
animals lacking a backbone; examples include insects, spiders, mollusks and crustaceans
microscopic animals that float/swim in water
plants: grasses, forbs, sedges, rushes and ferns; plants having soft rather than woody stems
usually refers to coniferous trees, though some deciduous trees such as red maple and aspen also have relatively soft wood
a measure of water clarity (or cloudiness) as influenced by suspension of sediment or other materials, but most often soil particles (usually silt or clay)
vegetation and other land features that provide areas for wildlife to hide, sleep, feed and reproduce
a hill that rises abruptly from the surroundings; sides are steeply sloped or with cliffs, and the top is nearly flat.
web: a complex network of food chains
an area that represents several interacting ecosystems; usually regional in reference
to replace lost or damaged parts with new tissue
the growth stage in a plant or plant part (like a leaf) from full maturity to death; old age
site where various mammal species, such as raccoon or river otter, habitually defecate or urinate
count a census method commonly used to monitor relative abundance of songbirds
occurring in a remote or other area where visibility is obstructed or reduced
rate: amount of land allotted to each animal for the entire grazable portion of the year
chemicals used to control insects
temporary; often seasonal; not long lasting
to water through diversion ditches and pipes
grass-like plant, often associated with moist areas and usually with triangular stems
usually refers to needleleaf trees that bear seeds in cones; examples include spruces, pines and firs
broad-leaved herbaceous plant

103 Clues: plant-eating animal • a meat-eating animal • having harmful effects • referring to topography • an insect-eating animal • to make a cavity or hole • referring to trees and shrubs • broad-leaved herbaceous plant • keeping something out of an area • chemicals used to control insects • dry, receives little precipitation • in forestry, refers to young trees • ...

AGRICULTURAL KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM 2023-05-12

Across

37) What substance is used to provide plants with essential nutrients for growth?
80) What is the cultivation of crops for market sale?
79) What is the first step in establishing a new farm or garden?
51) What agricultural activity involves gathering crops or plants for food or other uses?
35) What common issue can arise from the excessive use of heavy machinery on soil?
57) What was the name given to the significant increase in agricultural production that occurred in the 1960s and 1970s?
27) What is an important factor for plant growth that is determined by the soil's nutrient content and physical properties?
42) What is a substance used to kill insects called?
21) What is the term for the process of creating new land by filling or dredging a body of water?
66) What is a common problem in households, restaurants, and supermarkets that contributes to environmental and economic issues?
7) What farming management strategy uses technology to optimize crop yields, reduce waste, and increase efficiency by analyzing data on soil conditions, weather patterns, and other factors called?
6) What is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop species in a given area, often in large quantities and for commercial purposes, called?
67) What type of tourism involves visiting and staying on farms or agricultural areas?
29) What is an important factor in determining plant growth and productivity?
18) What is a farming technique that involves rotating the type of crops grown in a particular field over different seasons or years?
4) What is the soilless method of growing plants using mineral nutrient solutions in a water solvent called?
1) What is the practice of cultivating land, raising animals, and producing crops for human consumption and other purposes known as?
33) What is a common cause of reduced crop yields in coastal regions and arid climates?
50) What is a common agricultural practice involving water application to crops?
71) What is a farming method that focuses on improving soil health, increasing biodiversity, and sequestering carbon while producing nutritious food called?
8) What is the sustainable method of agriculture that emphasizes using natural fertilizers, biological pest control, and other environmentally-friendly practices to produce crops and livestock called?
63) What is a term for a repository that stores and preserves seeds for future use?
54) What agricultural practice involves the deliberate manipulation of plant genetics to produce desired traits?
73) What is the topic of concern regarding potential hazards and risks related to food handling, preparation, and consumption?
22) What is a common practice involving regulating and managing how land is utilized within a specific area?
36) What common method is used to determine soil’s nutrient and pH levels?
41) What is a substance used to kill or prevent the growth of fungi called?
85) What is the practice of growing crops on a small scale?
38) What is a natural fertilizer made from animal waste and decaying organic matter?
28) What is important for maintaining a productive and sustainable agricultural system?
31) what is the physical composition of soil called?
30) What is the arrangement of soil particles and their tendency to clump together called?
11) What is the term used to describe a type of farming where people grow crops and raise animals mainly to meet the basic needs of their own families or communities?
77) What is the name of the transparent, odorless, tasteless liquid essential for all life on Earth?
49) What is the term for domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting for the production of commodities such as meat, milk, and eggs?
23) What is a term that refers to the legal or customary arrangements that determine how land is owned, used, and transferred?
20) What is the term used to describe the process of deterioration in the quality of land, including soil, water, and vegetation, which can lead to reduced productivity and biodiversity loss?
3) What is the sustainable farming technique that combines aquaculture (raising aquatic animals) and hydroponics (cultivating plants in water) in a symbiotic environment called?
16) What farming system involves combining different agricultural practices such as crop cultivation, animal husbandry, and aquaculture to create a sustainable and self-sufficient farm?
75) What is something that is used to protect, contain, and preserve food during transportation and storage?

Down

43) What is a substance used to kill rodents?
40) What is a substance used to control or kill unwanted plants?
70) What is the term used to describe the process of transferring ownership and management of a farm to the next generation of family members?
83) What is the practice of growing crops in low-density areas?
53) What is a sustainable way to manage organic waste at home or in the garden?
46) What term describes the industry that involves agricultural production and related business activities?
15) What is the field of science that combines biology and technology to develop new methods of improving agricultural practices?
68) What is a type of tourism that combines agricultural activities and environmental conservation called?
17) What is the term used to describe the efforts and practices to prevent soil degradation and maintain soil health for future generations?
48) What is the term for the practice of cultivating plants for food, medicine, and decoration?
26) What is the term used to describe the ability of land to support various types of agricultural or non-agricultural activities?
45) What is the abbreviation for Integrated Pest Management?
64) What growing practice involves cultivating, processing, and distributing food within urban areas?
52) What is an activity that involves putting seeds or young plants into the ground to grow?
44) What type of pesticide is derived from natural materials and used to control pests while minimizing environmental and human health harm?
5) What is the holistic approach to designing and maintaining self-sufficient, productive ecosystems inspired by natural ecosystems and traditional farming practices?
19) What is the process by which soil is moved or washed away from its original location?
59) What is a term used to describe the process of controlling and developing the use of land resources?
78) What is a recommended technique for improving soil health and reducing weed growth in a garden or farm?
12) What type of farming involves large-scale production for profit and often utilizes modern technologies and management techniques?
25) What is the determining factor for determining the appropriateness of a piece of land for a specific use or activity?
81) What is the practice of growing crops for personal consumption?
72) What term refers to the process of starting and operating a business in the agricultural sector?
62) What is a term for a domesticated, locally adapted plant or animal variety that has developed over time through traditional farming practices?
65) What is a term that refers to the complex web of activities and actors involved in producing, distributing, and consuming food?
13) What farming approach aims to maintain long-term productivity and ecological balance while minimizing negative environmental and societal impacts?
24) What is the term used to describe the amount of output per unit of land in agricultural production?
34) What is a key component of healthy soil that helps improve its fertility and structure?
10) What is the agricultural practice of growing multiple crops, often of different species, in the same area to promote ecological diversity and productivity called?
55) What is a sustainable agricultural approach that emphasizes ecological principles and local knowledge while rejecting the use of synthetic inputs and genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?
32) What is the measurement that indicates the acidity or alkalinity of soil?
2) What is the sustainable land use system that combines agriculture and forestry practices to create diverse, productive, and resilient landscapes called?
59) What is a term used to describe the process of controlling and developing the use of land resources?
69) What strategy can farmers use to increase their income and reduce their risks?
76) What is the term for the transformation of raw ingredients into food products through various physical and chemical processes?
14) What is the term for large-scale, intensive farming practices that use modern technology, machinery, and chemical inputs to maximize crop yields and efficiency?
61) What term refers to the variety of life forms on Earth and the ecological roles they perform?
47) What is the term for a structure designed to trap and retain heat commonly used in plant cultivation?
58) What is the term for farming aquatic plants and animals in a controlled environment?
9) What is the modern industrial method of farming that relies on synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and other technological interventions to maximize crop yields and profits called?
82) What is the practice of growing crops in high-density areas?
84) What is the practice of growing different crops in the same field?
56) What is the term used to describe the condition where all people have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and preferences for an active and healthy life?
74) What is the term for the information provided on a food product's packaging that describes the nutritional content and ingredients?
39) What substance controls or eliminates pests, including insects and rodents?

85 Clues: 43) What is a substance used to kill rodents? • 42) What is a substance used to kill insects called? • 31) what is the physical composition of soil called? • 80) What is the cultivation of crops for market sale? • 85) What is the practice of growing crops on a small scale? • 45) What is the abbreviation for Integrated Pest Management? • ...

WHEP Glossary Terms 2015-04-16

Across

cover: the amount of ground covered by the branches, leaves and stems of plants; can specify as herbaceous, shrub, tree or all canopy cover; expressed as a percentage
a type of organism whose members can freely interbreed with each other and genetically are very similar; do not necessarily interact or located together
range the area used by an animal; usually described as the area that encompasses the daily, seasonal, and annual movements of an animal
plants adapted to dry conditions; often store water in leaves and other parts of the plant; usually have small leaves and thorns
count a census method commonly used to monitor relative abundance of songbirds
usually refers to non-coniferous trees bearing leaves
chemicals used to kill or control the growth of 252 Wildlife Habitat Education Program undesirable plants
usually refers to needleleaf trees that bear seeds in cones; examples include spruces, pines and firs
a hill that rises abruptly from the surroundings; sides are steeply sloped or with cliffs, and the top is nearly flat.
plant species that grow from a root system that remains alive more than two years
plain large, nearly level areas of land near ocean shores
plants: grasses, forbs, sedges, rushes and ferns; plants having soft rather than woody stems
a group of individuals of the same species living in a given area that interact with each other
where two vegetation types or seral stages meet and blend gradually with characteristics of both communities represented
an area with scattered trees maintained by fire and/or grazing
to water through diversion ditches and pipes
area space or area represented by tree stems at 4.5 feet above ground; for example, a basal area of 60 square feet per acre means that of 43,560 square feet of available space (1 acre), tree trunks represent 60 square feet of that space 4.5 feet above ground
replacement of one vegetation type or seral stage by another
chemicals required for plants and animals to grow and exist
to make a cavity or hole
the process of changing from one form to another
occurring in a remote or other area where visibility is obstructed or reduced
behavioral term for fish that breed in fresh water, but mature in salt water, such as Coho salmon (see catadromous)
usually referring to soil high in available nutrients
the arrangement of vegetation types or successional stages
species: a species in danger of becoming extinct
where two vegetation types or seral stages meet
planting trees in an area that previously was not forested; for example, planting trees in a field coming out of agricultural production
elimination of solid body waste by animals
type: a community or assemblage of plants commonly found in association with each other
to replace lost or damaged parts with new tissue
site where various mammal species, such as raccoon or river otter, habitually defecate or urinate
the process of tending and managing a forest
the surroundings that affect the growth and development of an organism including other plants and animals, climate and location
animals lacking a backbone; examples include insects, spiders, mollusks and crustaceans
keeping something out of an area
litter dead and decaying organic matter found on the ground such as leaves, branches and dead plants
the mixing of vegetation types or successional stages; high interspersion represents a lot of mixing; low interspersion represents little mixing
the winter den or shelter for various species
organisms that reduce animal carcasses and waste and dead plant material into nutrients
having thick fleshy leaves that conserve moisture
the natural breakdown and decay of dead plant and animal material
seed occurring naturally in the top few inches of soil
to vary, or rise and fall irregularly
a small fish, especially up to one year of age
(compensatory and additive) – death of individuals

Down

stand: a contiguous area of trees of similar species composition, age and structure that can managed as a unit
web: a complex network of food chains
grass-like plant, often associated with moist areas and usually with triangular stems
usually refers to coniferous trees, though some deciduous trees such as red maple and aspen also have relatively soft wood
the plant community along with the animal community together with soil, air, water, and sunlight
a strip or block of cover that connects otherwise isolated areas for a particular wildlife species
species plant or animal species with a disproportionate influence in its community relative to its abundance
plant and animal species originating historically or migrating naturally to a particular ecoregion
successional stage occurring prior to climax stage, but further development is inhibited by some factor(s) other than climate
plants that shed their leaves annually
plant-eating animal
capacity: the maximum population that an area can sustain without causing some type of damage; usually related to food, cover, water, or space for a particular species (biological carrying capacity), but the term is sometimes applicable to cultural limitations for humans
n. leaves and ends of twigs of woody species; v. to eat browse
the area adjacent to and influenced by a water source such as a creek, stream, river, pond, lake, swamp or other wetland
sluggish; not producing to potential
accumulation of dead grass and leaves on the ground
a behavioral term that describes primary activity near dawn and dusk
the physical and biological resources (food, cover, water) required by a species within an area of sufficient size (space) for that species
usually used to describe the periodic movement to and from a breeding area; may also be used to explain other seasonal movements, such as altitudinal migration in elevation in response to snow cover and food availability
chemicals used to control insects
declining in health and/or productivity
stage a successional stage in a sere
microscopic floating and suspended aquatic plants
breaking down the protective coating on various species of seed allowing the seed to germinate; often facilitated by fire or digestion
referring to topography
the plant or animal species that is the most common in an area
the growth stage in a plant or plant part (like a leaf) from full maturity to death; old age
plants that do not lose all their leaves at one time, including some conifers, but also many broadleaf trees and shrubs such as live oak and American holly
n. refers to the vegetation eaten by animals; v. to search for food
lack of normal precipitation for an extended period of time; long period with little or no rain
residue left on the ground after trees are harvested
in forestry, refers to young trees
to stimulate and return to good health and vigor
most often used in natural resources management to describe disruption of continuity of a vegetation or type community; for example, an interstate highway can cause fragmentation of a forest
a meat-eating animal
temporary; often seasonal; not long lasting
an elevated, relatively level expanse of land; sometimes called table land
rate: amount of land allotted to each animal for the entire grazable portion of the year
to supply or expose water with air to increase dissolved oxygen and release harmful gases
microscopic animals that float/swim in water
an area that represents several interacting ecosystems; usually regional in reference
an insect-eating animal
behavioral term for fish that breed in salt water, but mature in fresh water (see anadromous)
a measure of water clarity (or cloudiness) as influenced by suspension of sediment or other materials, but most often soil particles (usually silt or clay)
usually refers to planting trees in an area that was previously forested and recently harvested
an animal that eats both plant and animal material
having harmful effects
a series of successional stages at a particular site, leading to a mature, climax community
when referring to plants, those that complete their life cycle from seed to mature seed-bearing plant in one growing season
referring to trees and shrubs
chain: step by step passage of energy and nutrients through an ecosystem; for example, clover—deer—mountain lion
a plant with wide blade leaves such as an oak or cottonwood. Seeds are born from flowering parts in contrast to conifers which bear seeds in cones
to gather food in a systematic manner
vegetation and other land features that provide areas for wildlife to hide, sleep, feed and reproduce
plants that bear seeds in a pod; examples include lespedezas, clovers, soybeans, peas and black locust
dry, receives little precipitation
broad-leaved herbaceous plant

103 Clues: plant-eating animal • a meat-eating animal • having harmful effects • referring to topography • an insect-eating animal • to make a cavity or hole • referring to trees and shrubs • broad-leaved herbaceous plant • keeping something out of an area • chemicals used to control insects • in forestry, refers to young trees • dry, receives little precipitation • ...

Chapter 28 Terms and People 2021-03-11

Chapter 28 Terms and People crossword puzzle

Across

A financial panic that gripped the United States in October 1907, triggering widespread bankruptcies and causing the stock market to lose half its value from the previous year. Staunched only by J. P. Morgan’s timely intervention, the panic eventually led to the creation of the Federal Reserve in 1913, marking the panic as the last time that a major financial crisis was resolved by private means.
(1855-1926) A tireless socialist leader who organized the American Railway Union in the Pullman Strike in 1894. Later convicted under World War I's Espionage Act in 1918 and sentenced to ten years in a federal penitentiary. A frequent presidential candidate on the Socialist Party ticket, in 1920 he won more than 900,000 votes campaigning for president from his prison cell.
Name applied by President Taft’s critics to the policy of supporting U.S. investments and political interests abroad. First applied to the financing of railways in China after 1909, the policy then spread to Haiti, Honduras, and Nicaragua. President Woodrow Wilson disavowed the practice, but his administration undertook comparable acts of intervention in support of U.S. business interests, especially in Latin America.
(1849-1914) Danish-born police reporter and pioneering photographer who exposed the ills of tenement living in his 1890 book illustrated with powerful photographs, How the Other Half Lives. His work led to the establishment of "model tenements" in New York City.
A system that allows voters privacy in marking their ballot choices. Introduced to the United States during the progressive era to help counteract boss rule.
(1859-1932) A tireless crusader for women’s and labor rights, Kelley was Illinois’s first chief factory inspector and a leader of the National Consumers League, an organization dedicated to improving working conditions for women and children. Kelley also went on to help found the NAACP.
(1838-1914) This noted naturalist split with conservationists like Gifford Pinchot by trying to protect natural "temples" like the Hetch Hetchy Valley from development. In 1892 he founded the Sierra Club, which is now one of the most influential conservation organizations in the United States. His writings and philosophy shaped the formation of the modern environmental movement.
A landmark Supreme Court case in which crusading attorney (and future Supreme Court justice) Louis D. Brandeis persuaded the Supreme Court to accept the constitutionality of limiting the hours of women workers. Coming on the heels of Lochner v. New York, it established a different standard for male and female workers.
A law passed by Congress to subject meat shipped over state lines to federal inspection. The publication of Upton Sinclair’s novel The Jungle earlier that year so disgusted American consumers with its description of conditions in slaughterhouses and meatpacking plants that it mobilized public support for government action.
A reform movement led by Protestant ministers who used religious doctrine to demand better housing and living conditions for the urban poor. Popular at the turn of the twentieth century, it was closely linked to the settlement-house movement, which brought middle-class, Anglo-American service volunteers into contact with immigrants and working people.
State-interventionist reform program devised by journalist Herbert Croly and advocated by Theodore Roosevelt during his Bull Moose presidential campaign. Roosevelt did not object to continued consolidation of trusts and labor unions. Rather, he sought to create stronger regulatory agencies to ensure that they operated to serve the public interest, not just private gain.
Following the shooting of two white men on August 13, 1906, residents blamed the African-American soldiers from the segregated 25th Infantry Regiment stationed at nearby Fort Brown. Despite only tenuous evidence linking them to the crime, President Theodore Roosevelt ordered the dishonorable discharge of more than 150 of the “buffalo soldiers,” stripping them of their pensions and barring them from employment in federal civil service jobs. Roosevelt’s actions disillusioned many African-Americans, who began to wonder if his progressivism stopped at the color line. In 1972 Congress belatedly exonerated the men, all but one of whom were deceased.
(1866-1945) Elected Republican governor of California in 1910, Johnson oversaw numerous progressive reforms, including the passage of woman suffrage at the state level. In 1917 he entered the Senate, where he proved an isolationist in foreign affairs. He is famous for declaring that "the first casualty when war comes is truth."
A progressive ballot procedure allowing voters to remove elected officials from office.
(1869-1930) Political thinker and journalist whose book The Promise of American Life (1910) influenced the New Nationalist reform platform of Theodore Roosevelt.

Down

(1857-1944) The most eminent woman in the muckraking movement and one of the most respected business historians of her generation. In 1904 she earned a national reputation for publishing a scathing history of the Standard Oil Company, the "Mother of Trusts." Two years later she joined Ray Stannard Baker, William Allen White, and other muckrakers in purchasing The American Magazine, which became a journalistic podium in their campaign for honest government and an end to business abuses.
The federal government allowed the city of San Francisco to build a dam here in 1913. This was a blow to preservationists, who wished to protect the Yosemite National Park, where the dam was located.
Law passed by Congress to impose penalties on railroads that offered rebates and customers who accepted them. The law strengthened the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887. The Hepburn Act of 1906 added free passes to the list of railroad no-no’s.
A progressive reform procedure allowing voters to place a bill on the ballot for final approval, even after being passed by the legislature.
(1865-1946) A friend of Theodore Roosevelt, Pinchot was the head of the federal Division of Forestry and a noted conservationist who wanted to protect, but also use, the nation’s natural resources, such as forests and rivers. In 1922 he won election to the Pennsylvania governor’s mansion on the Republican ticket.
On March 25, 1911, a ferocious blaze broke out resulting in 146 worker deaths. When it was later determined that the fatalities could have been avoided by adhering to proper fire codes—such as leaving the stairwell and exit doors unlocked—the incident sparked widespread outrage and inspired legislation to improve workplace safety.
(1839-1898) This pious leader of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union wished to eliminate the sale of alcohol and thereby "make the world more homelike." Her ecumenical "do everything" reform sensibility encouraged some women to take the leap toward more radical causes like woman suffrage while allowing more conservative women to stick comfortably with temperance work.
(1847-1903) A muckraking journalist and reform leader whose book Wealth Against Commonweath (1894) excoriated the sins of the Standard Oil Company. Lloyd became one of the leading intellectuals behind the progressive movement, influencing such figures as Clarence Darrow, Florence Kelley, and John Dewey.
While intended to lower tariff rates, this bill was eventually revised beyond all recognition, retaining high rates on most imports. President Taft angered the progressive wing of his party when he declared it “the best bill that the Republican party ever passed.”
Platform of reforms advocated by Woodrow Wilson in his first presidential campaign, including stronger antitrust legislation to protect small business enterprises from monopolies, banking reform, and tariff reductions. Wilson’s strategy involved taking action to increase opportunities for capitalist competition rather than increasing government regulation of large trusts.
(1857-1929) An eccentric Norwegian American economist who savagely attacked "predatory wealth" and "conspicuous consumption" in his most important book, The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899).
A law passed by Congress to inspect and regulate the labeling of all foods and pharmaceuticals intended for human consumption. This legislation, and additional provisions passed in 1911 to strengthen it, aimed particularly at the patent medicine industry.
A setback for labor reformers, this Supreme Court decision invalidated a state law establishing a ten-hour day for bakers. It held that the “right to free contract” was implicit in the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
A progressive reform measure allowing voters to petition to have a law placed on the general ballot. Like the referendum and recall, it brought democracy directly “to the people” and helped foster a shift toward interest group politics and away from old political “machines.”
(1855-1925) One of the most militant of the progressive Republican leaders. He served in the Senate and in the Wisconsin governor’s seat and was a perennial contender for the presidency, keeping the spirit of progressivism alive into the 1920s.
Bright young reporters at the turn of the twentieth century who won this unfavorable moniker from Theodore Roosevelt but boosted the circulations of their magazines by writing exposés of widespread corruption in American society. Their subjects included business manipulation of government, white slavers, child labor, and the illegal deeds of the trusts and helped spur the passage of reform legislation.

31 Clues: A progressive ballot procedure allowing voters to remove elected officials from office. • A progressive reform procedure allowing voters to place a bill on the ballot for final approval, even after being passed by the legislature. • ...

Cameron McAndrew 4th 2022-04-27

Across

A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers. Impacts the connectivity and global supply chains as countries establish international suppliers and create trade networks to produce more profit(U7,CC).
The blending traits from two different cultures to form a new trait. This often results in an increase of centripetal forces as two groups have combined traits and adopted them into both their cultures(U3,IDK).
Theory concerned with the geographic location of economic activity. Like the Von Thunen Model, this theory demonstrates the relationship between different geographic factors affecting the economic activity of an area, leading to different amounts of farming at a particular location(U5,IDK).
A process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the boundaries. This term contributes to uneven development and centrifugal forces as it prevents a minority of a state from receiving financial aid and not being able to develop in an area while creating cultural differences between two areas(U6,CC).
Someone who has been forced to Migrate for Similar Political reasons as a refugee but has not crossed an International Border. An influx of these people in a country can indicate either social or political problems occurring in the country like ethnic cleansing or regulative laws that oppress a group too much but not being able to leave, can indicate either a poor level of development or another reason for them to stay(U2,CC).
The expansion of an area's economic base as a result of the basic and non-basic industries located there. The proportion of economic development in a country is impacted because of the expansion of industries and range for goods and services(U7,IDK).
A measure of statistical dispersion intended to represent the income distribution of a nation's residents. This can measure the wealth inequality within a nation and the overall dispersal development of a country's economy(U7,IDK).
The development of industries for the machine production of goods. This invokes economic development, advancements in transportation and communication in semi-periphery countries, and eventually funds the improvement of gender roles and sustainability in core countries(U7,VIT).
The development of cities in relation to the development of transportation and communication. It details the level of connectivity within a city and how cities adapt to changes in transportation and communication on a global scale to maintain economic growth(U6,VIT).
Knowing or using several languages. This can measure the level of migration and cultural diversity in an area. As people migrate to a country, more languages are spoken, and the cultural diversity increases which spurs increased social development(U3,IDK).
A country which is geographically separated from the main part by surrounding alien territory. Due to a lack of influence of the main country over this area, it could potentially lead to devolution and irredentism in the future(U4,IDK).
Redrawing of congressional and other legislative district lines following the census, to accommodate population shifts and keep districts as equal as possible in population. This can allow for the analysis of population demographics based on the newly drawn lines that represent similar areas of a country(U4,CC).
People who are being forced to leave their traditional lands due to persecution or material hardship within their society. This can indicate whether there is political or ethnic conflict that is either driving people away from the country via fear of either the conflict or ethnic cleansing(U2,CC).
The idea that if one land in a region came under the influence of Communists, then more would follow in a domino effect. This is important as it displays the diffusion of this idea based on the large connectivity of a country's network that impacts overall development in politics, potentially reforming the governance of a country(U4,IDK).
The practice of exporting U.S. jobs to lower paid employees in other nations. This aligns with Alfred Webers of location of industry theory as it sends jobs to regions of lower pay and allows for minimal cost of labor while getting specialized workers(U7,CC).
Extensive, treeless plains in South America. This area of land can be used for different forms of farming that are extensive or require substantial amounts of land, like pastoral nomadism or ranching. However, these areas can experience desertification due to overgrazing and a lack of forestry bring copious amounts of dust there(U5,IDK).
A collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago. This term is crucial as it depicts the connectivity between two regions that establishes similar cultural hearths and factors relating to ESPN(U3,CC).
The process by which people live and are employed in a city. This term is especially important as it details the growth of a city's economy, social and political factors, and environmental based on the expansion of the population and accommodation for new cultures(U6,VIT).
Type of migration that occurs within a country depends on how developed it is or what type of society it is. This model indicates the development of a country by detailing the movement patterns either towards or away from it, affecting the overall population dynamics and development of both countries involved(U2,IDK).

Down

The relationship between any phenomenon and the Earth as a whole – Correct viewpoint of the scale for data in specific areas is crucial to make comparisons of data, such as census data(VIT,U1)
The scattering of people who have a common background or beliefs. The effect of similar people scattering can lead to diffusion of their ideas via relocation or contagious diffusion but can create more ethnic enclaves as the areas where individuals flee to develop and the culture spreads(U2,IDK).
Tool demographers use to categorize countries' population growth rates and economic structures. This model enables geographers to compare the population dynamics of a country that contributes to the development of countries; expresses how the population grows which leads to conclusions towards ESPN(U2,VIT).
Manipulate the boundaries of (an electoral constituency) to favor one party or class. The effect of this is that it supports uneven representation of a voting populace as it groups together people in a method that gives an advantage or disadvantage to an electoral party(U4,CC).
A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history. This is significant to culture as it shapes the language of a region and the dialect it is spoken through, affecting part of the culture of that region and potentially international economy as well(U3,CC).
The sum total of knowledge, attitudes and habitual behavior patterns shared and transmitted by the members of a society. These patterns in a society reveal the overall diversity in the region which can contribute to the measuring of development in a country via a social aspect(U3,VIT).
Process used by firms to gather resources, transform them into goods or commodities, and finally, distribute them to consumers. This term can establish the process of production of products through the interdependence of multiple regions that establish networks to produce, manufacture, and sell products on a global scale(U5,CC).
A branch of geography that studies geographical influences on political systems and power relationships. This demonstrates how geography impacts the effect of different political boundaries and state shapes/types on nationalism, geopolitics, and international organizations(U4,VIT).
The continuous buying and selling of goods and services. Countries establish this to purchase products needed to keep the economy afloat and represent the end of the commodity chain, like a global functional region(U5,CC).
The application of ecological principles to agricultural systems and practices, or the branch of science concerned with this. This term applies to Unit 5 as the majority explains the practices and advancements that multiple agriculture revolutions, practices, and industrialization have had on environmental and economic aspects of a country(U5,VIT).
Areas that have been deserted in a city for economic or environmental reasons. Areas are like brownfields except they have been drained of resources that provided economic benefits and have yet to be restored(U6,IDK).
General applications of the regional framework for analyzing socioeconomic systems as they exist and develop in territorial-environmental systems. Identifies borders for different regions that can be used to compare qualitative data to make comparisons between two regions(IDK,U1).
Real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that black families will soon move into the neighborhood. This can contribute to uneven development as white flight occurs in an area that causes many residents to leave and abandon multiple economic facilities that could bring about substantial development in the region(U6,CC).
Group of satellites used to help determine a location anywhere on the earth's surface with a portable electronic device.This term can be used to determine the absolute or relative location of an area which can help determine distinctive features that affect population dynamics, agriculture, economics, etc(CC,U1).
Set of interconnected nodes without a center. It is important to observe the level of connectivity between the connected regions(IDK,U1).
A computer system for capturing, storing, checking, and displaying data related to positions on Earth's surface. It helps in observing the land use of an area and making comparisons to other regions based on this data(CC,U1).

35 Clues: Set of interconnected nodes without a center. It is important to observe the level of connectivity between the connected regions(IDK,U1). • The relationship between any phenomenon and the Earth as a whole – Correct viewpoint of the scale for data in specific areas is crucial to make comparisons of data, such as census data(VIT,U1) • ...

Cameron McAndrew 4th 2022-04-27

Across

Areas that have been deserted in a city for economic or environmental reasons. Areas are like brownfields except they have been drained of resources that provided economic benefits and have yet to be restored(U6,IDK).
The scattering of people who have a common background or beliefs. The effect of similar people scattering can lead to diffusion of their ideas via relocation or contagious diffusion but can create more ethnic enclaves as the areas where individuals flee to develop and the culture spreads(U2,IDK).
A branch of geography that studies geographical influences on political systems and power relationships. This demonstrates how geography impacts the effect of different political boundaries and state shapes/types on nationalism, geopolitics, and international organizations(U4,VIT).
Real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that black families will soon move into the neighborhood. This can contribute to uneven development as white flight occurs in an area that causes many residents to leave and abandon multiple economic facilities that could bring about substantial development in the region(U6,CC).
Someone who has been forced to Migrate for Similar Political reasons as a refugee but has not crossed an International Border. An influx of these people in a country can indicate either social or political problems occurring in the country like ethnic cleansing or regulative laws that oppress a group too much but not being able to leave, can indicate either a poor level of development or another reason for them to stay(U2,CC).
Manipulate the boundaries of (an electoral constituency) to favor one party or class. The effect of this is that it supports uneven representation of a voting populace as it groups together people in a method that gives an advantage or disadvantage to an electoral party(U4,CC).
Type of migration that occurs within a country depends on how developed it is or what type of society it is. This model indicates the development of a country by detailing the movement patterns either towards or away from it, affecting the overall population dynamics and development of both countries involved(U2,IDK).
A collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago. This term is crucial as it depicts the connectivity between two regions that establishes similar cultural hearths and factors relating to ESPN(U3,CC).
Extensive, treeless plains in South America. This area of land can be used for different forms of farming that are extensive or require substantial amounts of land, like pastoral nomadism or ranching. However, these areas can experience desertification due to overgrazing and a lack of forestry bring copious amounts of dust there(U5,IDK).
The continuous buying and selling of goods and services. Countries establish this to purchase products needed to keep the economy afloat and represent the end of the commodity chain, like a global functional region(U5,CC).
The process by which people live and are employed in a city. This term is especially important as it details the growth of a city's economy, social and political factors, and environmental based on the expansion of the population and accommodation for new cultures(U6,VIT).
Tool demographers use to categorize countries' population growth rates and economic structures. This model enables geographers to compare the population dynamics of a country that contributes to the development of countries; expresses how the population grows which leads to conclusions towards ESPN(U2,VIT).
A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history. This is significant to culture as it shapes the language of a region and the dialect it is spoken through, affecting part of the culture of that region and potentially international economy as well(U3,CC).
A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers. Impacts the connectivity and global supply chains as countries establish international suppliers and create trade networks to produce more profit(U7,CC).
The idea that if one land in a region came under the influence of Communists, then more would follow in a domino effect. This is important as it displays the diffusion of this idea based on the large connectivity of a country's network that impacts overall development in politics, potentially reforming the governance of a country(U4,IDK).
The development of cities in relation to the development of transportation and communication. It details the level of connectivity within a city and how cities adapt to changes in transportation and communication on a global scale to maintain economic growth(U6,VIT).

Down

The application of ecological principles to agricultural systems and practices, or the branch of science concerned with this. This term applies to Unit 5 as the majority explains the practices and advancements that multiple agriculture revolutions, practices, and industrialization have had on environmental and economic aspects of a country(U5,VIT).
A measure of statistical dispersion intended to represent the income distribution of a nation's residents. This can measure the wealth inequality within a nation and the overall dispersal development of a country's economy(U7,IDK).
Process used by firms to gather resources, transform them into goods or commodities, and finally, distribute them to consumers. This term can establish the process of production of products through the interdependence of multiple regions that establish networks to produce, manufacture, and sell products on a global scale(U5,CC).
The expansion of an area's economic base as a result of the basic and non-basic industries located there. The proportion of economic development in a country is impacted because of the expansion of industries and range for goods and services(U7,IDK).
A computer system for capturing, storing, checking, and displaying data related to positions on Earth's surface. It helps in observing the land use of an area and making comparisons to other regions based on this data(CC,U1).
Redrawing of congressional and other legislative district lines following the census, to accommodate population shifts and keep districts as equal as possible in population. This can allow for the analysis of population demographics based on the newly drawn lines that represent similar areas of a country(U4,CC).
The relationship between any phenomenon and the Earth as a whole – Correct viewpoint of the scale for data in specific areas is crucial to make comparisons of data, such as census data(VIT,U1)
Group of satellites used to help determine a location anywhere on the earth's surface with a portable electronic device.This term can be used to determine the absolute or relative location of an area which can help determine distinctive features that affect population dynamics, agriculture, economics, etc(CC,U1).
Knowing or using several languages. This can measure the level of migration and cultural diversity in an area. As people migrate to a country, more languages are spoken, and the cultural diversity increases which spurs increased social development(U3,IDK).
A country which is geographically separated from the main part by surrounding alien territory. Due to a lack of influence of the main country over this area, it could potentially lead to devolution and irredentism in the future(U4,IDK).
The blending traits from two different cultures to form a new trait. This often results in an increase of centripetal forces as two groups have combined traits and adopted them into both their cultures(U3,IDK).
Set of interconnected nodes without a center. It is important to observe the level of connectivity between the connected regions(IDK,U1).
General applications of the regional framework for analyzing socioeconomic systems as they exist and develop in territorial-environmental systems. Identifies borders for different regions that can be used to compare qualitative data to make comparisons between two regions(IDK,U1).
The development of industries for the machine production of goods. This invokes economic development, advancements in transportation and communication in semi-periphery countries, and eventually funds the improvement of gender roles and sustainability in core countries(U7,VIT).
The practice of exporting U.S. jobs to lower paid employees in other nations. This aligns with Alfred Webers of location of industry theory as it sends jobs to regions of lower pay and allows for minimal cost of labor while getting specialized workers(U7,CC).
A process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the boundaries. This term contributes to uneven development and centrifugal forces as it prevents a minority of a state from receiving financial aid and not being able to develop in an area while creating cultural differences between two areas(U6,CC).
Theory concerned with the geographic location of economic activity. Like the Von Thunen Model, this theory demonstrates the relationship between different geographic factors affecting the economic activity of an area, leading to different amounts of farming at a particular location(U5,IDK).
The sum total of knowledge, attitudes and habitual behavior patterns shared and transmitted by the members of a society. These patterns in a society reveal the overall diversity in the region which can contribute to the measuring of development in a country via a social aspect(U3,VIT).
People who are being forced to leave their traditional lands due to persecution or material hardship within their society. This can indicate whether there is political or ethnic conflict that is either driving people away from the country via fear of either the conflict or ethnic cleansing(U2,CC).

AGRICULTURAL KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM 2023-05-12

Across

76) What is the term for the transformation of raw ingredients into food products through various physical and chemical processes?
69) What strategy can farmers use to increase their income and reduce their risks?
17) What is the term used to describe the efforts and practices to prevent soil degradation and maintain soil health for future generations?
16) What farming system involves combining different agricultural practices such as crop cultivation, animal husbandry, and aquaculture to create a sustainable and self-sufficient farm?
13) What farming approach aims to maintain long-term productivity and ecological balance while minimizing negative environmental and societal impacts?
87) What is the practice of growing crops in containers?
32) What is the measurement that indicates the acidity or alkalinity of soil?
10) What is the agricultural practice of growing multiple crops, often of different species, in the same area to promote ecological diversity and productivity called?
9) What is the modern industrial method of farming that relies on synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and other technological interventions to maximize crop yields and profits called?
39) What substance controls or eliminates pests, including insects and rodents?
36) What common method is used to determine soil’s nutrient and pH levels?
63) What is a term for a repository that stores and preserves seeds for future use?
75) What is something that is used to protect, contain, and preserve food during transportation and storage?
5) What is the holistic approach to designing and maintaining self-sufficient, productive ecosystems inspired by natural ecosystems and traditional farming practices?
18) What is a farming technique that involves rotating the type of crops grown in a particular field over different seasons or years?
4) What is the soilless method of growing plants using mineral nutrient solutions in a water solvent called?
38) What is a natural fertilizer made from animal waste and decaying organic matter?
42) What is a substance used to kill insects called?
50) What is a common agricultural practice involving water application to crops?
29) What is an important factor in determining plant growth and productivity?
43) What is a substance used to kill rodents?
78) What is a recommended technique for improving soil health and reducing weed growth in a garden or farm?
22) What is a common practice involving regulating and managing how land is utilized within a specific area?
64) What growing practice involves cultivating, processing, and distributing food within urban areas?
3) What is the sustainable farming technique that combines aquaculture (raising aquatic animals) and hydroponics (cultivating plants in water) in a symbiotic environment called?
90) What is the practice of growing crops on the sides of buildings?
53) What is a sustainable way to manage organic waste at home or in the garden?
47) What is the term for a structure designed to trap and retain heat commonly used in plant cultivation?
88) What is the practice of growing crops without human intervention?
8) What is the sustainable method of agriculture that emphasizes using natural fertilizers, biological pest control, and other environmentally-friendly practices to produce crops and livestock called?
25) What is the determining factor for determining the appropriateness of a piece of land for a specific use or activity?
79) What is the first step in establishing a new farm or garden?
40) What is a substance used to control or kill unwanted plants?
1) What is the practice of cultivating land, raising animals, and producing crops for human consumption and other purposes known as?
7) What farming management strategy uses technology to optimize crop yields, reduce waste, and increase efficiency by analyzing data on soil conditions, weather patterns, and other factors called?
37) What substance is used to provide plants with essential nutrients for growth?
26) What is the term used to describe the ability of land to support various types of agricultural or non-agricultural activities?
12) What type of farming involves large-scale production for profit and often utilizes modern technologies and management techniques?
45) What is the abbreviation for Integrated Pest Management?
46) What term describes the industry that involves agricultural production and related business activities?
34) What is a key component of healthy soil that helps improve its fertility and structure?
51) What agricultural activity involves gathering crops or plants for food or other uses?
59) What is a term used to describe the process of controlling and developing the use of land resources?

Down

80) What is the cultivation of crops for market sale?
65) What is a term that refers to the complex web of activities and actors involved in producing, distributing, and consuming food?
6) What is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop species in a given area, often in large quantities and for commercial purposes, called?
73) What is the topic of concern regarding potential hazards and risks related to food handling, preparation, and consumption?
30) What is the arrangement of soil particles and their tendency to clump together called?
14) What is the term for large-scale, intensive farming practices that use modern technology, machinery, and chemical inputs to maximize crop yields and efficiency?
59) What is a term used to describe the process of controlling and developing the use of land resources?
33) What is a common cause of reduced crop yields in coastal regions and arid climates?
84) What is the practice of growing different crops in the same field?
20) What is the term used to describe the process of deterioration in the quality of land, including soil, water, and vegetation, which can lead to reduced productivity and biodiversity loss?
54) What agricultural practice involves the deliberate manipulation of plant genetics to produce desired traits?
41) What is a substance used to kill or prevent the growth of fungi called?
58) What is the term for farming aquatic plants and animals in a controlled environment?
28) What is important for maintaining a productive and sustainable agricultural system?
44) What type of pesticide is derived from natural materials and used to control pests while minimizing environmental and human health harm?
21) What is the term for the process of creating new land by filling or dredging a body of water?
89) What is the practice of growing crops in an arid climate?
81) What is the practice of growing crops for personal consumption?
23) What is a term that refers to the legal or customary arrangements that determine how land is owned, used, and transferred?
15) What is the field of science that combines biology and technology to develop new methods of improving agricultural practices?
72) What term refers to the process of starting and operating a business in the agricultural sector?
66) What is a common problem in households, restaurants, and supermarkets that contributes to environmental and economic issues?
68) What is a type of tourism that combines agricultural activities and environmental conservation called?
31) what is the physical composition of soil called?
35) What common issue can arise from the excessive use of heavy machinery on soil?
55) What is a sustainable agricultural approach that emphasizes ecological principles and local knowledge while rejecting the use of synthetic inputs and genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?
82) What is the practice of growing crops in high-density areas?
57) What was the name given to the significant increase in agricultural production that occurred in the 1960s and 1970s?
48) What is the term for the practice of cultivating plants for food, medicine, and decoration?
70) What is the term used to describe the process of transferring ownership and management of a farm to the next generation of family members?
67) What type of tourism involves visiting and staying on farms or agricultural areas?
85) What is the practice of growing crops on a small scale?
27) What is an important factor for plant growth that is determined by the soil's nutrient content and physical properties?
11) What is the term used to describe a type of farming where people grow crops and raise animals mainly to meet the basic needs of their own families or communities?
56) What is the term used to describe the condition where all people have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and preferences for an active and healthy life?
61) What term refers to the variety of life forms on Earth and the ecological roles they perform?
71) What is a farming method that focuses on improving soil health, increasing biodiversity, and sequestering carbon while producing nutritious food called?
24) What is the term used to describe the amount of output per unit of land in agricultural production?
19) What is the process by which soil is moved or washed away from its original location?
52) What is an activity that involves putting seeds or young plants into the ground to grow?
74) What is the term for the information provided on a food product's packaging that describes the nutritional content and ingredients?
83) What is the practice of growing crops in low-density areas?
2) What is the sustainable land use system that combines agriculture and forestry practices to create diverse, productive, and resilient landscapes called?
49) What is the term for domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting for the production of commodities such as meat, milk, and eggs?
62) What is a term for a domesticated, locally adapted plant or animal variety that has developed over time through traditional farming practices?
77) What is the name of the transparent, odorless, tasteless liquid essential for all life on Earth?

89 Clues: 43) What is a substance used to kill rodents? • 31) what is the physical composition of soil called? • 42) What is a substance used to kill insects called? • 80) What is the cultivation of crops for market sale? • 87) What is the practice of growing crops in containers? • 85) What is the practice of growing crops on a small scale? • ...

Chapter 7 Managing the Atmosphere Key Terms 2025-04-15

Chapter 7 Managing the Atmosphere Key Terms crossword puzzle

Across

a colorless, odorless gas produced by burning carbon and organic compounds and by respiration formed during complete combustion.
the “good ozone;” the ozone layer; located approximately 20-50 kilometers above the earth's surface; is important because it prevents most of the high-energy ultraviolet solar radiation from reaching the earth's surface.
Under 1972 and 1974 OECD recommendations that the polluter should bear the costs of pollution prevention and control measures. This is decided by public authorities to ensure that the environment is in an acceptable state. e.g. Palestine, Ohio train derailment incident 2023 had to be cleaned up and paid for by the train company, Norfolk Southern freight train carrying hazardous materials.
a stable, nonflammable, moderately toxic gases or liquids which have typically been used as refrigerants and as aerosol propellants.
a mixture of pollutants and particulates, including ground level ozone, that is formed when nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) react to sunlight, creating a brown haze above cities. It tends to occur more often in summer, because that is when we have the most sunlight.
used in fire extinguishers, but now known to damage the ozone layer. Halons are made from halogens group 17 on the periodic table contain similar properties. All halons contain bromine and other halogens.
COP refers to the 197 nations that agreed to an environmental pact (UNFCCC- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992.
a large, long lasting rotating low pressure system located over the north and south poles. It weakens in the summer and strengthens in the winter.
are fluorinated gases such as HCFCs and HCFs and were replacement chemicals for CFCs.
a colorless pungent toxic gas formed by burning sulfur in the air.
a mixture of smoke and fog; smog intensifies atmospheric pollution.
a material in the air that can have adverse effects on humans and the ecosystem. The substance can be solid particles, liquid droplets, or gases. A pollutant can be of natural origin or man-made. Pollutants are classified as primary or secondary.
atmospheric pollution deposited as acidic material in the absence of moisture as dust, gas, smoke, or other aerosols (small, microscopic particles in the air).
RangeTransboundaryAirPollution (Lrtap) created a framework for controlling and reducing acid deposition and air pollution in Europe. This was the first air pollution on a regional basis. 51 parties and eight protocols were introduced.
(CAA) in 1970 the act and its amendments to this act in 1990 worked towards developing an agreement between the USA and Canada to reduce air pollution and acid deposition. This act placed permanent caps (limits) on SO2 emissions between 1990 and 2017. NOx emissions declined 50% during this period.
created in the 1990’s as a substitute for HCFCs; used for the same purpose as CFCs and HCFCs.
created in the 1980’s as a substitute for CFCs; used as refrigerants and in other products… still bad for the atmosphere.
a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth’s atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants.
the ability of a surface to reflect light, White surfaces have a high albedo.
(NOx) a generic term for the various nitrogen oxides produced during combustion (present in car exhausts). They are believed to aggravate asthmatic conditions, react with the oxygen in the air to produce ozone, which is also an irritant and eventually form nitric acid when dissolved in water. NOx includes NO and NO2.
nitrogen from the atmosphere reacts with oxygen in high temperatures in vehicle engines to form nitrogen monoxide gases and is released into the atmosphere. Nitrogen monoxide reacts with oxygen and water in the atmosphere to form nitric acid (HNO3)
an air pollutant emitted directly from a source into the air from natural processes and human activities.
(VOCs) compounds that have a high vapor pressure and low water solubility. Many VOCs are emitted as gases from certain solids or liquids including paints, paint strippers, cleaning supplies, pesticides, building material and produced in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, and refrigerants.
an area where the average concentration of ozone is below 100 Dobson Units
a colorless, odorless flammable gas that is the main constituent of natural gas.
a colorless, odorless toxic flammable gas formed by incomplete combustion of carbon.
designed to remove sulfur content from a fuel source before it is burnt by coal washing, bio-desulfurisation, and low sulfur fuels (ULSD)
an air pollutant that forms when pollutants react in the atmosphere e.g. smog
(NO) a colorless, toxic gas from combustion processes. Also known as nitric oxide. NO is used in the manufacture of nitric acid (ammonia (NH3) with oxygen releasing NO and water). Nitrogen compound derived from nitric acid is used to create fertilizers, explosives, and other useful substances.

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gaseous compound made of carbon, chlorine, & fluorine (and sometimes hydrogen); used as refrigerants, cleaning solvents, and aerosol propellants and in the manufacture of plastic foams, and that are believed to be a major cause of stratospheric ozone depletion
a chemical substance used in the production of energy or pressurized gas that is subsequently used to disperse fluids like in aerosol cans (freon, paint, hairspray).
a measure of the air quality which governments use to assess how polluted the air is or how polluted the air is expected to become. (AQI)
devices that use an electric charge to remove particulates (solid particles and liquid droplets) from the gases emitted in industrial smoke.
also referred to as tropospheric ozone is the “bad ozone;” a harmful air pollutant that is formed when emissions from everyday items combine with other pollutants and “cook” in the heat and sunlight; created by chemical reactions between oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the presence of sunlight.
designed to help industrial facilities dramatically reduce the contaminants they release into the environment. There are two types, wet and dry. They can remove from exhaust steams PM, acidic gases and VOCs.
a mix of air pollutants that deposit from the atmosphere as acidic wet deposition with a pH <5.6 or acidic dry deposition.
an area of a stream or aquifer containing degraded water resulting from migration of a pollutant. These plumes occur in oceans as well when drilling accidents happen. Like, Deep Horizon oil plume.
atmospheric pollution deposited as an acid by precipitation (rain, snow, or fog).
solid particles or liquid droplets that are suspended in the air. Generally, these come from any type of burning or dust generating activities. Also known as air particulates, atmospheric aerosol particles, atmospheric particulate matter, particulate matter or suspended particulate matter. All of these are termed particulate matter (PM).
particulate matter of diameter of 10 micrometres or smaller. The particles can be inhaled. The number next to the PM indicates the size of the particulate matter being measured, e.g. PM1 is 1 micrometre in diameter or smaller.
a theoretical approach to managing climate change by reflecting some of the insolation (incoming solar radiation). This would prevent energy from entering the atmosphere and would therefore limit the amount of energy trapped by greenhouse gases. SRM would effectively act as an artificial reflective shield to provide regional or global cooling.
gradual thinning of Earth's ozone layer in the upper atmosphere caused by the release of chemical compounds containing gaseous chlorine or bromine from industry and other human activities. The thinning is most pronounced in the polar regions, especially over Antarctica. The figure below is an illustration of the process.
gasses that contribute to the warming of our atmosphere and Earth’s surface by absorbing infrared radiation. Main gases include: carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, nitrous oxide, and now also F- gases.
In 1992. an international treaty which extended the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on scientific consensus that global warming is occurring and that human-made CO2 emissions are driving it.
PSCs stratospheric clouds that form over the poles in winter at altitudes of between 15,000 metres and 25,000 metres. One of the main types of PSC is mostly made up of supercooled droplets of water and nitric acie.
also known as the “Earth Summit”, in 1992, was a global conference dealing with climate change biodiversity forestry and recommended a list of sustainable development practices called Agenda 21
a chemical process for the removal of sulfur from a material; FGD. This involves either the removal of sulfur using a wet scrubbing process, spray dry scrubbing, wet sulfuric acid process, SNOX (removes sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particulates .
fossil fuels contain sulfur compounds. When fossil fuels are burned, SO2 gas reacts with water and oxygen in the atmosphere to form sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
(suggested by Rowland-Molina) - In 1974 chemist Frank Sherwood Rowland of the University of California, Irvine and his postdoctoral student, Mario J. Molina, suggested that long-lived organic halogen compounds, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), could reach the stratosphere where they would be dissociated by UV light, releasing chlorine atoms… so, they were the first to realize that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) could destroy ozone
a reddish brown pungent, poisonous/highly toxic, acidic gas that is corrosive and strongly oxidising. It is formed through oxidation of NO from combustion burned at high temperatures.. but can also be an air pollutant and is a constituent of untreated automobile exhaust. It is responsible for the color of smog.
devices fitted to vehicle engines to reduce air pollution designed to lower NOx emissions from exhaust systems.
In 1987, this was created to reduce CFC use. This was a global agreement where the world realized that pollution in one country could damage the whole planet. It aimed to reduce CFC emissions by 50% by 2000. Failure to do so carried heavy financial penalties. 191 countries signed an agreement to stop using CFCs by 1995. Kigali Amendment 2019 added F-gases to its list of controlled substances.
also referred to as the Paris Accord. In 2015, International treaty on climate change.
O3, a colorless, odorless gas found naturally in the stratosphere and formed from oxygen by UV light

54 Clues: a colorless pungent toxic gas formed by burning sulfur in the air. • a mixture of smoke and fog; smog intensifies atmospheric pollution. • an area where the average concentration of ozone is below 100 Dobson Units • the ability of a surface to reflect light, White surfaces have a high albedo. • ...

PAES 100 series 2023-09-04

Across

(4,7) tillage operation that cuts and moves small layers of soil to provide smooth, refined surface.
Philippine-based, foreign or Filipino-owned, manufacturing entity involved in the production and distribution of agricultural machinery
(6,5) power measured at the flywheel or the crankshaft
tillage system traditionally performed in preparing a seedbed for a given crop and grown in a given geographical area.
(4,8) scratching, cutting, or abrasing of materials caused by the action of soil
filling up the pump with water to displace or evacuate the entrapped air through a vent and create a liquid seal inside the casing
(7,6) indicates the maximum load that can be successfully carried by the motor if it is to operate continuously and remain within a safe temperature range
series of events occurring one after the other in a definite order and repeats the events after the last one has occurred
mechanical manipulation of soil for any desired purpose.
tillage system wherein least soil manipulation is performed.
(6,6) implement used for broadcast or strip tillage and is also used as chemical incorporator and as row crop cultivator
part of the granule applicator that puts the granule in motion through continuous stirring or rotation
part of the plow that presses and slides against the furrow wall, providing lateral stability during operation
(12,7)self-propelled, wheeled, tracklaying or semi tracklaying machine primarily designed to pull, push, carry and/or operate trailers or provide power to implements and machines used for agricultural, forestry and other related works.
tillage subsoiling under the plant row prior to planting usually intended for subsurface drainage.
(4,7) tillage operation which move soil to establish a desired soil elevation and slope
diameter of the cylinder
protective device, which by means of a rail, fence, frame or the like ensures the safety, distance necessary so that the dangerous part cannot be reached inadvertently.
(6,7) tillage in which a narrow curved shank is used.
protective device designed and fitted so that, alone or with other parts of the machine, it prevents contact with the dangerous part from all sides.
twisting or turning force produced by the motor
(a.k.a. Field poles) stationary part of electric motor consisting of copper windings which is placed in a laminated iron core
length of the piston travel
part of granule applicator where granules are loaded
(8,5) machine which converts electrical energy to mechanical energy
tillage, which constitutes the initial major soilworking operation, normally designed to reduce soil strength, cover plant materials, and rearrange aggregates
(5,4) sum of payload and unladen mass of the trailer expressed in tons
(4,4) implement with individually mounted concave disc blades which cut, partially or completely invert a layer of soil to bury surface material, and pulverize the soil.
(5,10)implement for seedbed preparation, weed eradication, or fallow cultivation subsequent to some form of primary tillage
(a.k.a. guarantee) expressed assurance of the quality of the materials and workmanship of the products offered for sale or length of satisfactory use to be expected from a product under normal use
set of concave discs, which is mounted on a common shaft and separated by a spool
(6,4) implement which shatters the soil without complete burial or mixing of surface materials
(planter) this is a type of rowcrop planter which is designed to deposit one or more seeds in a hill at equal intervals.
circular, flat tool used to cut plant material and soil
has one voltage applied to the motor in the shape of a sine wave
deep tillage, below 350 mm for the purpose of loosening soil for root growth and/or water movement.
primary tillage operation which manipulates soil to a greater depth than 300 mm.
force to propel an implement in the direction of travel which is equal and opposite to drawbar pull
tillage operation employing powerdriven rotary action to cut, break up, and mix soil.
implement for crushing soil clods and compacting the soil
tillage system in which the primary tillage operation is performed in conjunction with special planting procedures in order to reduce or eliminate secondary tillage operations.
(4,6)implement used to pulverize the soil to attain a better soil tilth for the seed germination and growth.
tillage, following primary tillage, which are designed to control weed growth and to create specific soil surface configurations before seeding.
(4,7) tillage operation which move soil to create desired soil configurations.
(9,4) implement which cuts, partially or completely inverts a layer of soil to bury surface materials, and pulverizes the soil
bar at the rear of a tractor to which implements are hitched
(planter) this is a type of rowcrop planter which enables operator to perform hill planting at definite spacing (in checks or squares). This facilitates mechanical weed control and other operations.
tillage system that maintains a minimum of 30% residue cover on the soil surface after planting or maintains at least 1,100 kg/ha of flat small grain residue equivalent on the soil surface during the critical erosion period.
fine drops of liquid, such as water or chemical pesticide, sprayed into the air
implement for intermittent tillage at depths sufficient to shatter compacted subsurface layers.
structural member primarily used for attaching a tillage tool to a beam

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(6,4,6)consists of two gangs wherein one gang is located behind the other at an angle and the harrow is operated in an offset position in relation to the tractor.
(9,5) horizontal distance perpendicular to the direction of travel between the outermost edges of the implement.
tillage to partially bury and thereby prevent movement of materials such as plant residues or artificial mulches.
(10,4)test carried out on samples selected from a lot for the purpose of acceptance of the lot.
formation of cavities filled with water vapor due to local pressure drop and collapse as soon as the vapor bubbles reach regions of high pressure
portion of an implement designed to connect the implement to a power source.
generic term used for a small particle having a diameter ranging from 2 to 4 mm
(4,11) shallow tillage operation performed to promote growth of crop plants by creating a soil condition conducive to aeration, infiltration, and moisture conservation or to pest control.
authorized representative of distributors and/or manufacturers to supply, trade, sell and service agricultural machinery to endusers
tillage idealized system which permits a maximized net return for a given crop under given conditions.
(3,7) operation that cuts and throws the soil away from the base of plants
any material added to the tractor for the purpose of enhancing traction or stability
pushing or rolling of soil by a steeply inclined blade
retaining pin used in the hitch pins or studs
structure to which the standards are fitted
component which scrapes the soil adhering to the concave side of the disc
tillage operation which is oriented in specific paths or directions with respect to the sun, prevailing winds, previous tillage actions, or field base lines.
(a.k.a. Armature winding) rotating part of electric motor which is typically constructed of a laminated steel core containing currentcarrying copper wires
protective devices designed and fitted so that alone or with other parts of the machine, they prevent the dangerous part being reached from the side or sides covered.
(12,8)consist of agricultural tractors, selfpropelled and pedestrianoperated machines, implements, and combinations thereof primarily used for agricultural operations.
number of individual voltages applied to the motor
(5,5) center to center distance between two front or rear wheels
soilworking tool, consisting of an edge and a surface, which is primarily designed to cut through the soil
(6,9) minimum vertical distance between the soil surface and a potentially obstructing machine element.
tillage action and transport operations utilized to loosen, load, carry, and unload soil.
has three individual voltages applied to the motor
in any consignment, all components or equipment under study.
trench formed after the furrower bottom cuts and turns the furrow slices
opening in the hopper or tank through which the granules pass through
vertical distance measured from the lowest point to the center of the disc when its concave side is placed on a flat surface
trading entity authorized by foreign and local suppliers and/or manufacturers to distribute agricultural machinery to dealers
product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of that force to the axis of rotation and is expressed in kgm
tillage system in which tillage of the total soil surface is performed in such a way that plant residue is specifically left on or near the soil surface.
quantity used to express a form (or combination of forms) of the energy content of the liquid per unit weight of the liquid referred to any arbitrary datum
(abbrev.) cab or frame installed on agricultural tractors to protect or minimize injury of the operator from accidental overturning during operation
device used to lift or transfer water from one source to another
metallic tube that connects the nozzle to the hose of power sprayer
central part of the plow to which the share, moldboard and landside are attached
operation which pulverizes, smoothens, and makes the soil ready for planting NOTE: It is commonly used before seeding.
part of the mist blower that connects the nozzle to the blower
volume of water pumped per unit time
method of crop establishment for rice wherein rice seedlings grown in a nursery are pulled and transferred into puddled and leveled fields, 15 to 40 days after seeding
part of the plow that penetrates the soil and cuts the furrow slice horizontally
(planter) this is a type of tractor powerdriven seeder which can deposit the seeds at a specified rate in hills and rows spaced to permit interrow cultivation and also functions as a seed drill if required.
part of the plow which lifts, inverts and throws the furrow slice to one side
visually perceptible figure used to transmit information independent of language
current, in amperes, that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating
ratio of the difference between the speed of pulley or belt and wheels or track with load, to the speed without load
discharge at maximum efficiency
tip of lance of the power sprayer where the chemical is sprayed out

101 Clues: diameter of the cylinder • length of the piston travel • discharge at maximum efficiency • volume of water pumped per unit time • structure to which the standards are fitted • retaining pin used in the hitch pins or studs • twisting or turning force produced by the motor • number of individual voltages applied to the motor • ...

colleges/University 2025-12-08

Across

a private liberal arts college in Colorado Springs, founded in 1874, and known for its intensive Block Plan where students take one class at a time for 3.5-week blocks
largest HBCU, excelling in STEM, hosting Nobel Laureates, and offering unique programs like forestry, while also being a top military-friendly school with a historic campus and strong focus on access and opportunity in fields like business, tech, and agriculture.
a private, historic liberal arts college in Meadville, Pennsylvania, founded in 1815, known for encouraging unique major/minor combinations, strong undergraduate research, small classes, and preparing students for diverse careers through a focus on intellectual, moral, and social growth, emphasizing impact and inclusion, with nearly all students living on campus.
a private university with campuses in New York City and Westchester, founded in 1906. Its motto is Opportunitas, reflecting its mission to create opportunity for its diverse student body, and it offers a wide range of programs in fields like business, computer science, and law.
founded in 1783 in Carlisle, PA, is the first college chartered in the U.S., a private liberal arts institution known for its innovative curriculum, strong focus on global engagement, and deep commitment to sustainability, offering hands-on learning, research, and internships within a tight-knit community, preparing students for engaged citizenship.
a highly-regarded, small private liberal arts college in Gambier, Ohio, known for its strong academics (especially English), beautiful rural campus, close-knit community, and producing notable alumni in arts and public service, offering a connected curriculum in a residential setting with NCAA Division III athletics.
a private research university in Atlanta, GA, founded in 1836 and known for its strong liberal arts education, research, and professional programs. Located in the Druid Hills neighborhood, it features a diverse academic environment with both undergraduate and graduate schools, a major health care system, and extensive research funding.
a private, Methodist-affiliated university in Mitchell, South Dakota, known for personalized, values-based education focusing on Learning, Leadership, Faith, and Service, with strong programs in nursing, education, and athletics.
a private liberal arts college in St. Petersburg, Florida, known for its waterfront campus, small class sizes, and focus on community service and undergraduate education. It has a 188-acre campus on Boca Ciega Bay and offers over 300 study abroad destinations, personalized faculty mentors, and a 75.8% acceptance rate.
a public university in Millersville, PA, part of the PA State System of Higher Education, known as Pennsylvania's first Normal School (teacher training) established in 1855, offering diverse undergraduate and graduate programs in areas like Business, Education, Science (Botany, Meteorology), and Nursing, with a focus on experiential learning, NCAA Division II athletics (Marauders), and a commitment to exploration and inclusion.
a public polytechnic university in Newark, NJ, known as a leading technology-focused institution in the NY metro area, offering extensive programs in STEM, Architecture, Business, and Design, emphasizing research, innovation, and practical skills for technology-driven careers with strong outcomes in engineering and computer science.
a private, federally chartered university in Washington, D.C., dedicated to the education of deaf, hard of hearing, and deafblind students. It is the world's premier institution for deaf education, offering over 40 undergraduate majors and numerous graduate programs, and is known for being a bilingual, diverse, and multicultural environment that uses both American Sign Language and English.
New Jersey's largest private university, known for its global focus, multi-campus presence (NJ, UK, Canada), and diverse programs in liberal arts, sciences, business, tech, and health, aiming to prepare students as world citizens through practical, intercultural, and ethical learning.
a private business school in Wellesley, MA, globally renowned as the "worldwide leader in entrepreneurship education," known for its hands-on, experiential learning integrating business with liberal arts to develop entrepreneurial leaders who create value.
a private, Methodist-affiliated liberal arts college known for its beautiful Frank Lloyd Wright-designed campus, strong academics with hands-on learning, and vibrant community with Division II athletics
a private, United Methodist Church-affiliated liberal arts college in Jackson, Mississippi, known for its personalized education with strong programs in business, sciences, and humanities, offering hands-on learning, small classes (9:1 student-to-faculty ratio), and a vibrant urban campus experience. Established in 1890, it emphasizes "Ad Excellentiam" (In Pursuit of Excellence) and competes in NCAA Division III athletics as the Majors.
a public, doctoral research university in Norfolk, Virginia, known for its strong academics, R1 research status, and significant role in the Hampton Roads region, offering over 120 undergraduate and 130 graduate programs with a focus on innovation, social mobility, and preparing students for careers in a diverse environment.
a private, co-ed liberal arts institution in Hickory, NC, founded in 1891, offering diverse undergraduate, graduate, and seminary programs with small classes, personalized attention, and affiliations with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA). Known for its focus on holistic growth, it emphasizes student success through strong academic support, financial aid, and unique traditions, welcoming students from across the nation and world.

Down

a large, private Catholic university in Chicago, known as the nation's largest Catholic university, with a strong focus on teaching and Vincentian values of service and social justice, offering over 300 programs across two campuses (Lincoln Park & Loop)
a private, comprehensive university in Ada, Ohio, known for strong programs in Pharmacy, Engineering, Law, and Business, offering high career readiness and return on investment, often ranked highly as a "Best Value" and "Best College for Veterans" by U.S. News & World Report.
a private, Roman Catholic university in Philadelphia, PA, founded by the Christian Brothers, known for its "whole person" education, emphasis on service, practical learning, and strong programs in Nursing, Education, and Business, offering liberal arts and professional studies with a diverse, supportive community and NCAA Division I sports.
a private, R2 research university in Orange, California, known for personalized education, hands-on learning, and strong programs in film, law, and business
a private, historically black research university in Hampton, Virginia, founded in 1868. It is known for its progressive education, strong focus on STEM programs, and commitment to developing leaders.
a small liberal arts college with a personalized approach, recognized by U.S. News & World Report as highly innovative and offering great undergraduate teaching
a highly selective, private liberal arts college in Kalamazoo, Michigan, known for its unique K-Plan, which integrates academics with study abroad, research, and career prep for a personalized education. Founded in 1833, it offers a close-knit community, strong faculty mentorship, experiential learning, and robust support for its ~1,300 students, focusing on global understanding and leadership with a 10:1 student-faculty ratio.
a private, Roman Catholic university in Philadelphia, PA, founded by the Christian Brothers, known for its "whole person" education, emphasis on service, practical learning, and strong programs in Nursing, Education, and Business, offering liberal arts and professional studies with a diverse, supportive community and NCAA Division I sports.
a private, Catholic liberal arts institution founded in 1856 by the Vincentian Community in Lewiston, New York, known for its mission-driven education focused on service and developing purpose-driven leaders, offering diverse undergraduate and graduate programs across several colleges, featuring NCAA Division I sports, and a strong emphasis on community and practical, career-focused learning.
a private, Christian (Baptist) liberal arts university in Abilene, Texas, known for its faith-based education, "Cowboy Spirit," and small class sizes, offering diverse undergraduate and graduate programs, including strong focuses in education, nursing, business, and science, with a commitment to academic excellence and personal growth within a supportive community.
a public research university in Pocatello, Idaho, founded in 1901, known as the state's lead institution for health professions, offering over 250 programs (associate to doctorate) across main campuses in Pocatello, Meridian, Idaho Falls, and Twin Falls, with its ~14,000 students competing as the Bengals in NCAA Division I.
a private Christian university in Nashville, Tennessee, known for combining liberal arts with professional education, strong programs in music/arts, business, and health, and an innovative, student-focused approach that emphasizes purpose, character, and service within the vibrant setting of Music City.
known for its comprehensive programs, three main campuses (Statesboro, Savannah, Hinesville), and strong emphasis on student success, offering over 140 degrees and a vibrant campus life with research and athletics, attracting students from across Georgia and the nation.
a private Jesuit Catholic university in Fairfield, Connecticut, known for its Jesuit values, strong programs in Nursing and Business, and a beautiful campus near the beach with access to NYC. Founded in 1942, it offers undergraduate and graduate programs across colleges like Arts & Sciences, Business, Engineering, Nursing, and Education, focusing on holistic development, community, and service.
highly-ranked, private liberal arts college in Northfield, Minnesota, known for its rigorous academics, close-knit community, and supportive environment with small classes
a selective, private liberal arts college in Clinton, NY, known for its "Open Curriculum," allowing students freedom to design studies, fostering critical thinking, and offering strong career prep via its "Find Your Future" program, with a picturesque campus, supportive community, and focus on ethical engagement, preparing students for meaningful lives.
a private, Catholic, Lasallian university in the Bronx, NYC, founded in 1853, known for strong engineering, business, and liberal arts programs, focusing on personalized education with a commitment to service and community, offering vibrant campus life near NYC's resources.
a private, liberal arts college located in Annandale-on-Hudson, New York, with a global network of campuses and programs
a large, public R1 research university in Greenville, NC, known for its strong health sciences (only NC university with med/dent/eng on one campus), business, and education programs, serving nearly 29,000 students with over 170 degree options, a vibrant campus life with extensive school spirit, and a mission to boost the region's quality of life through research and engagement.
a highly selective, private liberal arts college in Grinnell, Iowa, known for its rigorous academics, social responsibility, and unique individually advised curriculum where students design their own path with faculty mentorship, emphasizing intellectual freedom, open inquiry, and research opportunities in a supportive, residential environment with a strong commitment to service and global understanding.
a private, non-profit research university founded in 1831 and located in New York City, with global campuses in Abu Dhabi and Shanghai. It is one of the largest universities in the United States and is known for its diverse programs in liberal arts, sciences, medicine, and business, among others
a public, coeducational liberal arts college in Keene, New Hampshire, known for small classes, supportive faculty, and a strong sense of community, offering over 40 programs with a focus on academic excellence, civic engagement, and hands-on learning in an urban-rural setting within the University System of New Hampshire, affiliated with NCAA Division III athletics and nicknamed the "Owls".
a private, historically Black Seventh-day Adventist institution in Huntsville, Alabama, founded in 1896 to provide education for African Americans, emphasizing spiritual, intellectual, and practical development with a "God First" motto, offering associate, bachelor's, and master's degrees, and known for fostering Black excellence, strong community, and mission-focused service.

41 Clues: a private, liberal arts college located in Annandale-on-Hudson, New York, with a global network of campuses and programs • a private, R2 research university in Orange, California, known for personalized education, hands-on learning, and strong programs in film, law, and business • ...

Adaptation Adaptation fund 2021-10-13

Adaptation Adaptation fund crossword puzzle

Across

A fund for projects and programmes that help developing countries cope with the adverse effects of climate change. It is financed by a share of proceeds from emission-reduction programmes such as the Clean Development Mechanism.
A political agreement that was reached to help the EU reach its emission reduction targets under the Kyoto Protocol (a reduction of 8% during the period 2008-2012, on average, compared with 1990 levels). The 1998 agreement divided the burden unequally amongst member states, taking into account national conditions, including greenhouse gas emissions at the time, the opportunity for reducing them, and countries' levels of economic development.
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation, a concept that would provide developing countries with a financial incentive to preserve forests.
The ocean absorbs approximately one-fourth of man-made CO2 from the atmosphere, which helps to reduce adverse climate change effects. However, when the CO2 dissolves in seawater, carbonic acid is formed. Carbon emissions in the industrial era have already lowered the pH of seawater by 0.1. Ocean acidification can decrease the ability of marine organisms to build their shells and skeletal structures and kill off coral reefs, with serious effects for people who rely on them as fishing grounds.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is a scientific body established by the United Nations Environment Programme and the World Meteorological Organization. It reviews and assesses the most recent scientific, technical, and socio-economic work relevant to climate change, but does not carry out its own research. The IPCC was honoured with the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize.
The levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere prior to the start of the Industrial Revolution. These levels are estimated to be about 280 parts per million (by volume). The current level is around 380ppm.
An abbreviation for parts per million, usually used as short for ppmv (parts per million by volume). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) suggested in 2007 that the world should aim to stabilise greenhouse gas levels at 450 ppm CO2 equivalent in order to avert dangerous climate change. Some scientists, and many of the countries most vulnerable to climate change, argue that the safe upper limit is 350ppm. Current levels of CO2 only are about 380ppm.
Carbon dioxide is a gas in the Earth's atmosphere. It occurs naturally and is also a by-product of human activities such as burning fossil fuels. It is the principal greenhouse gas produced by human activity.
Renewable energy is energy created from sources that can be replenished in a short period of time. The five renewable sources used most often are: biomass (such as wood and biogas), the movement of water, geothermal (heat from within the earth), wind, and solar.
A scheme set up to allow the trading of emissions permits between business and/or countries as part of a cap and trade approach to limiting greenhouse gas emissions. The best-developed example is the EU's trading scheme, launched in 2005. See Cap and trade.
Methane is the second most important man-made greenhouse gas. Sources include both the natural world (wetlands, termites, wildfires) and human activity (agriculture, waste dumps, leaks from coal mining).
The permanent removal of standing forests that can lead to significant levels of carbon dioxide emissions
A protocol attached to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, which sets legally binding commitments on greenhouse gas emissions. Industrialised countries agreed to reduce their combined emissions to 5.2% below 1990 levels during the five-year period 2008-2012. It was agreed by governments at a 1997 UN conference in Kyoto, Japan, but did not legally come into force until 2005. A different set of countries agreed a second commitment period in 2013 that will run until 2020.
A scenario used for projections of future emissions assuming no action, or no new action, is taken to mitigate the problem. Some countries are pledging not to reduce their emissions but to make reductions compared to a business as usual scenario. Their emissions, therefore, would increase but less than they would have done.
A term referring to severe climate change that will have a negative effect on societies, economies, and the environment as a whole. The phrase was introduced by the 1992 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, which aims to prevent "dangerous" human interference with the climate system.
In a feedback loop, rising temperatures on the Earth change the environment in ways that affect the rate of warming. Feedback loops can be positive (adding to the rate of warming), or negative (reducing it). The melting of Arctic ice provides an example of a positive feedback process. As the ice on the surface of the Arctic Ocean melts away, there is a smaller area of white ice to reflect the Sun's heat back into space and more open, dark water to absorb it. The less ice there is, the more the water heats up, and the faster the remaining ice melts.
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is one of a series of international agreements on global environmental issues adopted at the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. The UNFCCC aims to prevent "dangerous" human interference with the climate system. It entered into force on 21 March 1994 and has been ratified by 192 countries.
The total amount of greenhouse gas emitted by a country per unit of population.
The soot that results from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, biofuels, and biomass (wood, animal dung, etc.). It is the most potent climate-warming aerosol. Unlike greenhouse gases, which trap infrared radiation that is already in the Earth's atmosphere, these particles absorb all wavelengths of sunlight and then re-emit this energy as infrared radiation.
Action that will reduce man-made climate change. This includes action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions or absorb greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

Down

This refers to a pledge by the European Union to reach three targets by 2020: (a) a 20% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 levels; (b) an increase in the use of renewable energy to 20% of all energy consumed; and (c) a 20% increase in energy efficiency. The EU says it will reduce emissions by 30%, by 2020, if other developed countries also pledge tough action.
A tipping point is a threshold for change, which, when reached, results in a process that is difficult to reverse. Scientists say it is urgent that policy makers halve global carbon dioxide emissions over the next 50 years or risk triggering changes that could be irreversible.
Instruments that help countries and companies meet emission reduction targets by paying others to reduce emissions for them. The mechanism in widest use is emissions trading, where companies or countries buy and sell permits to pollute. The Kyoto Protocol establishes two flexible mechanisms enabling rich countries to fund emission reduction projects in developing countries - Joint Implementation (JI) and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).
The steady rise in global average temperature in recent decades, which experts believe is largely caused by man-made greenhouse gas emissions. The long-term trend continues upwards, they suggest, even though the warmest year on record, according to the UK's Met Office, is 1998.
The natural level of greenhouse gases in our atmosphere, which keeps the planet about 30C warmer than it would otherwise be - essential for life as we know it. Water vapour is the most important component of the natural greenhouse effect.
An agreement between two parties whereby one party struggling to meet its emission reductions under the Kyoto Protocol earns emission reduction units from another party's emission removal project. The JI is a flexible and cost-efficient way of fulfilling Kyoto agreements while also encouraging foreign investment and technology transfer.
The process whereby technological advances are shared between different countries. Developed countries could, for example, share up-to-date renewable energy technologies with developing countries, in an effort to lower global greenhouse gas emissions
The balance between the Earth's incoming and outgoing energy. The current global climate system must adjust to rising greenhouse gas levels and, in the very long term, the Earth must get rid of energy at the same rate at which it receives energy from the sun.
A fuel derived from renewable, biological sources, including crops such as maize and sugar cane, and some forms of waste.
The collection and transport of concentrated carbon dioxide gas from large emission sources, such as power plants. The gases are then injected into deep underground reservoirs. Carbon capture is sometimes referred to as geological sequestration.
A forum established in 2009 by US President Barack Obama to discuss elements of the agreement that will be negotiated at Copenhagen. Its members - Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, the European Union, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, South Africa, South Korea, the UK and the US - account for 80% of greenhouse gas emissions. The forum is a modification of the Major Economies Meeting started by the former President George Bush, which was seen by some countries as an attempt to undermine UN negotiations.
The group of developing countries that have signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol. They do not have binding emission reduction targets.
The state of the atmosphere with regard to temperature, cloudiness, rainfall, wind and other meteorological conditions. It is not the same as climate, which is the average weather over a much longer period.
The name given to a graph published in 1998 plotting the average temperature in the Northern hemisphere over the last 1,000 years. The line remains roughly flat until the last 100 years, when it bends sharply upwards. The graph has been cited as evidence to support the idea that global warming is a man-made phenomenon, but some scientists have challenged the data and methodology used to estimate historical temperatures. (It is also known as MBH98 after its creators, Michael E. Mann, Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes.)
Natural resources, such as coal, oil and natural gas, containing hydrocarbons. These fuels are formed in the Earth over millions of years and produce carbon dioxide when burnt.
A report on the economics of climate change led by Lord Nicholas Stern, a former World Bank economist. It was published on 30 October 2006 and argued that the cost of dealing with the consequences of climate change in the future would be higher than taking action to mitigate the problem now.
Action that helps cope with the effects of climate change - for example construction of barriers to protect against rising sea levels, or conversion to crops capable of surviving high temperatures and drought.
Least Developed Countries represent the poorest and weakest countries in the world. The current list of LDCs includes 49 countries - 33 in Africa, 15 in Asia and the Pacific, and one in Latin America.
An emission trading scheme whereby businesses or countries can buy or sell allowances to emit greenhouse gases via an exchange. The volume of allowances issued adds up to the limit, or cap, imposed by the authorities.
An observed widespread reduction in sunlight at the surface of the Earth, which varies significantly between regions. The most likely cause of global dimming is an interaction between sunlight and microscopic aerosol particles from human activities. In some regions, such as Europe, global dimming no longer occurs, thanks to clean air regulations.
This refers to Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry. Activities in LULUCF provide a method of offsetting emissions, either by increasing the removal of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere (i.e. by planting trees or managing forests), or by reducing emissions (i.e. by curbing deforestation and the associated burning of wood).

41 Clues: The total amount of greenhouse gas emitted by a country per unit of population. • The permanent removal of standing forests that can lead to significant levels of carbon dioxide emissions • A fuel derived from renewable, biological sources, including crops such as maize and sugar cane, and some forms of waste. • ...

Adaptation Adaptation fund 2021-10-12

Across

A fund for projects and programmes that help developing countries cope with the adverse effects of climate change. It is financed by a share of proceeds from emission-reduction programmes such as the Clean Development Mechanism.
A political agreement that was reached to help the EU reach its emission reduction targets under the Kyoto Protocol (a reduction of 8% during the period 2008-2012, on average, compared with 1990 levels). The 1998 agreement divided the burden unequally amongst member states, taking into account national conditions, including greenhouse gas emissions at the time, the opportunity for reducing them, and countries' levels of economic development.
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation, a concept that would provide developing countries with a financial incentive to preserve forests.
The ocean absorbs approximately one-fourth of man-made CO2 from the atmosphere, which helps to reduce adverse climate change effects. However, when the CO2 dissolves in seawater, carbonic acid is formed. Carbon emissions in the industrial era have already lowered the pH of seawater by 0.1. Ocean acidification can decrease the ability of marine organisms to build their shells and skeletal structures and kill off coral reefs, with serious effects for people who rely on them as fishing grounds.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is a scientific body established by the United Nations Environment Programme and the World Meteorological Organization. It reviews and assesses the most recent scientific, technical, and socio-economic work relevant to climate change, but does not carry out its own research. The IPCC was honoured with the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize.
The levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere prior to the start of the Industrial Revolution. These levels are estimated to be about 280 parts per million (by volume). The current level is around 380ppm.
An abbreviation for parts per million, usually used as short for ppmv (parts per million by volume). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) suggested in 2007 that the world should aim to stabilise greenhouse gas levels at 450 ppm CO2 equivalent in order to avert dangerous climate change. Some scientists, and many of the countries most vulnerable to climate change, argue that the safe upper limit is 350ppm. Current levels of CO2 only are about 380ppm.
Carbon dioxide is a gas in the Earth's atmosphere. It occurs naturally and is also a by-product of human activities such as burning fossil fuels. It is the principal greenhouse gas produced by human activity.
Renewable energy is energy created from sources that can be replenished in a short period of time. The five renewable sources used most often are: biomass (such as wood and biogas), the movement of water, geothermal (heat from within the earth), wind, and solar.
A scheme set up to allow the trading of emissions permits between business and/or countries as part of a cap and trade approach to limiting greenhouse gas emissions. The best-developed example is the EU's trading scheme, launched in 2005. See Cap and trade.
Methane is the second most important man-made greenhouse gas. Sources include both the natural world (wetlands, termites, wildfires) and human activity (agriculture, waste dumps, leaks from coal mining).
The permanent removal of standing forests that can lead to significant levels of carbon dioxide emissions
A protocol attached to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, which sets legally binding commitments on greenhouse gas emissions. Industrialised countries agreed to reduce their combined emissions to 5.2% below 1990 levels during the five-year period 2008-2012. It was agreed by governments at a 1997 UN conference in Kyoto, Japan, but did not legally come into force until 2005. A different set of countries agreed a second commitment period in 2013 that will run until 2020.
A scenario used for projections of future emissions assuming no action, or no new action, is taken to mitigate the problem. Some countries are pledging not to reduce their emissions but to make reductions compared to a business as usual scenario. Their emissions, therefore, would increase but less than they would have done.
A term referring to severe climate change that will have a negative effect on societies, economies, and the environment as a whole. The phrase was introduced by the 1992 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, which aims to prevent "dangerous" human interference with the climate system.
In a feedback loop, rising temperatures on the Earth change the environment in ways that affect the rate of warming. Feedback loops can be positive (adding to the rate of warming), or negative (reducing it). The melting of Arctic ice provides an example of a positive feedback process. As the ice on the surface of the Arctic Ocean melts away, there is a smaller area of white ice to reflect the Sun's heat back into space and more open, dark water to absorb it. The less ice there is, the more the water heats up, and the faster the remaining ice melts.
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is one of a series of international agreements on global environmental issues adopted at the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. The UNFCCC aims to prevent "dangerous" human interference with the climate system. It entered into force on 21 March 1994 and has been ratified by 192 countries.
The total amount of greenhouse gas emitted by a country per unit of population.
The soot that results from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, biofuels, and biomass (wood, animal dung, etc.). It is the most potent climate-warming aerosol. Unlike greenhouse gases, which trap infrared radiation that is already in the Earth's atmosphere, these particles absorb all wavelengths of sunlight and then re-emit this energy as infrared radiation.
Action that will reduce man-made climate change. This includes action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions or absorb greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

Down

This refers to a pledge by the European Union to reach three targets by 2020: (a) a 20% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 levels; (b) an increase in the use of renewable energy to 20% of all energy consumed; and (c) a 20% increase in energy efficiency. The EU says it will reduce emissions by 30%, by 2020, if other developed countries also pledge tough action.
A tipping point is a threshold for change, which, when reached, results in a process that is difficult to reverse. Scientists say it is urgent that policy makers halve global carbon dioxide emissions over the next 50 years or risk triggering changes that could be irreversible.
Instruments that help countries and companies meet emission reduction targets by paying others to reduce emissions for them. The mechanism in widest use is emissions trading, where companies or countries buy and sell permits to pollute. The Kyoto Protocol establishes two flexible mechanisms enabling rich countries to fund emission reduction projects in developing countries - Joint Implementation (JI) and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).
The steady rise in global average temperature in recent decades, which experts believe is largely caused by man-made greenhouse gas emissions. The long-term trend continues upwards, they suggest, even though the warmest year on record, according to the UK's Met Office, is 1998.
The natural level of greenhouse gases in our atmosphere, which keeps the planet about 30C warmer than it would otherwise be - essential for life as we know it. Water vapour is the most important component of the natural greenhouse effect.
An agreement between two parties whereby one party struggling to meet its emission reductions under the Kyoto Protocol earns emission reduction units from another party's emission removal project. The JI is a flexible and cost-efficient way of fulfilling Kyoto agreements while also encouraging foreign investment and technology transfer.
The process whereby technological advances are shared between different countries. Developed countries could, for example, share up-to-date renewable energy technologies with developing countries, in an effort to lower global greenhouse gas emissions
The balance between the Earth's incoming and outgoing energy. The current global climate system must adjust to rising greenhouse gas levels and, in the very long term, the Earth must get rid of energy at the same rate at which it receives energy from the sun.
A fuel derived from renewable, biological sources, including crops such as maize and sugar cane, and some forms of waste.
The collection and transport of concentrated carbon dioxide gas from large emission sources, such as power plants. The gases are then injected into deep underground reservoirs. Carbon capture is sometimes referred to as geological sequestration.
A forum established in 2009 by US President Barack Obama to discuss elements of the agreement that will be negotiated at Copenhagen. Its members - Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, the European Union, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, South Africa, South Korea, the UK and the US - account for 80% of greenhouse gas emissions. The forum is a modification of the Major Economies Meeting started by the former President George Bush, which was seen by some countries as an attempt to undermine UN negotiations.
The group of developing countries that have signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol. They do not have binding emission reduction targets.
The state of the atmosphere with regard to temperature, cloudiness, rainfall, wind and other meteorological conditions. It is not the same as climate, which is the average weather over a much longer period.
The name given to a graph published in 1998 plotting the average temperature in the Northern hemisphere over the last 1,000 years. The line remains roughly flat until the last 100 years, when it bends sharply upwards. The graph has been cited as evidence to support the idea that global warming is a man-made phenomenon, but some scientists have challenged the data and methodology used to estimate historical temperatures. (It is also known as MBH98 after its creators, Michael E. Mann, Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes.)
Natural resources, such as coal, oil and natural gas, containing hydrocarbons. These fuels are formed in the Earth over millions of years and produce carbon dioxide when burnt.
A report on the economics of climate change led by Lord Nicholas Stern, a former World Bank economist. It was published on 30 October 2006 and argued that the cost of dealing with the consequences of climate change in the future would be higher than taking action to mitigate the problem now.
Action that helps cope with the effects of climate change - for example construction of barriers to protect against rising sea levels, or conversion to crops capable of surviving high temperatures and drought.
Least Developed Countries represent the poorest and weakest countries in the world. The current list of LDCs includes 49 countries - 33 in Africa, 15 in Asia and the Pacific, and one in Latin America.
An emission trading scheme whereby businesses or countries can buy or sell allowances to emit greenhouse gases via an exchange. The volume of allowances issued adds up to the limit, or cap, imposed by the authorities.
An observed widespread reduction in sunlight at the surface of the Earth, which varies significantly between regions. The most likely cause of global dimming is an interaction between sunlight and microscopic aerosol particles from human activities. In some regions, such as Europe, global dimming no longer occurs, thanks to clean air regulations.
This refers to Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry. Activities in LULUCF provide a method of offsetting emissions, either by increasing the removal of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere (i.e. by planting trees or managing forests), or by reducing emissions (i.e. by curbing deforestation and the associated burning of wood).

Climate Change Glossary 2021-10-12

Climate Change Glossary crossword puzzle

Across

A forum established in 2009 by US President Barack Obama to discuss elements of the agreement that will be negotiated at Copenhagen. Its members - Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, the European Union, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, South Africa, South Korea, the UK and the US - account for 80% of greenhouse gas emissions. The forum is a modification of the Major Economies Meeting started by the former President George Bush, which was seen by some countries as an attempt to undermine UN negotiations.
The name given to a graph published in 1998 plotting the average temperature in the Northern hemisphere over the last 1,000 years. The line remains roughly flat until the last 100 years, when it bends sharply upwards. The graph has been cited as evidence to support the idea that global warming is a man-made phenomenon, but some scientists have challenged the data and methodology used to estimate historical temperatures. (It is also known as MBH98 after its creators, Michael E. Mann, Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes.)
Carbon dioxide is a gas in the Earth's atmosphere. It occurs naturally and is also a by-product of human activities such as burning fossil fuels. It is the principal greenhouse gas produced by human activity.
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation, a concept that would provide developing countries with a financial incentive to preserve forests.
A tipping point is a threshold for change, which, when reached, results in a process that is difficult to reverse. Scientists say it is urgent that policy makers halve global carbon dioxide emissions over the next 50 years or risk triggering changes that could be irreversible.
In a feedback loop, rising temperatures on the Earth change the environment in ways that affect the rate of warming. Feedback loops can be positive (adding to the rate of warming), or negative (reducing it). The melting of Arctic ice provides an example of a positive feedback process. As the ice on the surface of the Arctic Ocean melts away, there is a smaller area of white ice to reflect the Sun's heat back into space and more open, dark water to absorb it. The less ice there is, the more the water heats up, and the faster the remaining ice melts.
Methane is the second most important man-made greenhouse gas. Sources include both the natural world (wetlands, termites, wildfires) and human activity (agriculture, waste dumps, leaks from coal mining).
The main negotiating bloc for developing countries, allied with China (G77+China). The G77 comprises 130 countries, including India and Brazil, most African countries, the grouping of small island states (Aosis), the Gulf states and many others, from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe.
Renewable energy is energy created from sources that can be replenished in a short period of time. The five renewable sources used most often are: biomass (such as wood and biogas), the movement of water, geothermal (heat from within the earth), wind, and solar.
The industrialised countries (and countries in transition to a market economy) which took on obligations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions under the Kyoto Protocol. Their combined emissions, averaged out during the 2008-2012 period, should be 5.2% below 1990 levels.
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is one of a series of international agreements on global environmental issues adopted at the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. The UNFCCC aims to prevent "dangerous" human interference with the climate system. It entered into force on 21 March 1994 and has been ratified by 192 countries.
An emission trading scheme whereby businesses or countries can buy or sell allowances to emit greenhouse gases via an exchange. The volume of allowances issued adds up to the limit, or cap, imposed by the authorities.
This refers to Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry. Activities in LULUCF provide a method of offsetting emissions, either by increasing the removal of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere (i.e. by planting trees or managing forests), or by reducing emissions (i.e. by curbing deforestation and the associated burning of wood).
Least Developed Countries represent the poorest and weakest countries in the world. The current list of LDCs includes 49 countries - 33 in Africa, 15 in Asia and the Pacific, and one in Latin America.
The natural level of greenhouse gases in our atmosphere, which keeps the planet about 30C warmer than it would otherwise be - essential for life as we know it. Water vapour is the most important component of the natural greenhouse effect.
The year against which countries measure their target decrease of emissions. The Kyoto Protocol uses a baseline year of 1990. Some countries prefer to use later baselines. Climate change legislation in the United States, for example, uses a 2005 baseline.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is a scientific body established by the United Nations Environment Programme and the World Meteorological Organization. It reviews and assesses the most recent scientific, technical, and socio-economic work relevant to climate change, but does not carry out its own research. The IPCC was honoured with the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize.
A fund for projects and programmes that help developing countries cope with the adverse effects of climate change. It is financed by a share of proceeds from emission-reduction programmes such as the Clean Development Mechanism.
The mean surface temperature of the Earth measured from three main sources: satellites, monthly readings from a network of over 3,000 surface temperature observation stations and sea surface temperature measurements taken mainly from the fleet of merchant ships, naval ships and data buoys.
The levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere prior to the start of the Industrial Revolution. These levels are estimated to be about 280 parts per million (by volume). The current level is around 380ppm.
This refers to a pledge by the European Union to reach three targets by 2020: (a) a 20% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 levels; (b) an increase in the use of renewable energy to 20% of all energy consumed; and (c) a 20% increase in energy efficiency. The EU says it will reduce emissions by 30%, by 2020, if other developed countries also pledge tough action.

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The process whereby technological advances are shared between different countries. Developed countries could, for example, share up-to-date renewable energy technologies with developing countries, in an effort to lower global greenhouse gas emissions.
A political agreement that was reached to help the EU reach its emission reduction targets under the Kyoto Protocol (a reduction of 8% during the period 2008-2012, on average, compared with 1990 levels). The 1998 agreement divided the burden unequally amongst member states, taking into account national conditions, including greenhouse gas emissions at the time, the opportunity for reducing them, and countries' levels of economic development.
The ocean absorbs approximately one-fourth of man-made CO2 from the atmosphere, which helps to reduce adverse climate change effects. However, when the CO2 dissolves in seawater, carbonic acid is formed. Carbon emissions in the industrial era have already lowered the pH of seawater by 0.1. Ocean acidification can decrease the ability of marine organisms to build their shells and skeletal structures and kill off coral reefs, with serious effects for people who rely on them as fishing grounds.
A protocol attached to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, which sets legally binding commitments on greenhouse gas emissions. Industrialised countries agreed to reduce their combined emissions to 5.2% below 1990 levels during the five-year period 2008-2012. It was agreed by governments at a 1997 UN conference in Kyoto, Japan, but did not legally come into force until 2005. A different set of countries agreed a second commitment period in 2013 that will run until 2020.
A scheme set up to allow the trading of emissions permits between business and/or countries as part of a cap and trade approach to limiting greenhouse gas emissions. The best-developed example is the EU's trading scheme, launched in 2005. See Cap and trade.
A report on the economics of climate change led by Lord Nicholas Stern, a former World Bank economist. It was published on 30 October 2006 and argued that the cost of dealing with the consequences of climate change in the future would be higher than taking action to mitigate the problem now.
The state of the atmosphere with regard to temperature, cloudiness, rainfall, wind and other meteorological conditions. It is not the same as climate which is the average weather over a much longer period.
An abbreviation for parts per million, usually used as short for ppmv (parts per million by volume). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) suggested in 2007 that the world should aim to stabilise greenhouse gas levels at 450 ppm CO2 equivalent in order to avert dangerous climate change. Some scientists, and many of the countries most vulnerable to climate change, argue that the safe upper limit is 350ppm. Current levels of CO2 only are about 380ppm.
A term referring to severe climate change that will have a negative effect on societies, economies, and the environment as a whole. The phrase was introduced by the 1992 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, which aims to prevent "dangerous" human interference with the climate system.
An agreement between two parties whereby one party struggling to meet its emission reductions under the Kyoto Protocol earns emission reduction units from another party's emission removal project. The JI is a flexible and cost-efficient way of fulfilling Kyoto agreements while also encouraging foreign investment and technology transfer.
The soot that results from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, biofuels, and biomass (wood, animal dung, etc.). It is the most potent climate-warming aerosol. Unlike greenhouse gases, which trap infrared radiation that is already in the Earth's atmosphere, these particles absorb all wavelengths of sunlight and then re-emit this energy as infrared radiation.
Natural resources, such as coal, oil and natural gas, containing hydrocarbons. These fuels are formed in the Earth over millions of years and produce carbon dioxide when burnt.
The injection of carbon dioxide into underground geological formations. When CO2 is injected into declining oil fields it can help to recover more of the oil.
Instruments that help countries and companies meet emission reduction targets by paying others to reduce emissions for them. The mechanism in widest use is emissions trading, where companies or countries buy and sell permits to pollute. The Kyoto Protocol establishes two flexible mechanisms enabling rich countries to fund emission reduction projects in developing countries - Joint Implementation (JI) and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).
The total amount of greenhouse gas emitted by a country per unit of population.
The group of developing countries that have signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol. They do not have binding emission reduction targets.
Action that will reduce man-made climate change. This includes action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions or absorb greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
The collection and transport of concentrated carbon dioxide gas from large emission sources, such as power plants. The gases are then injected into deep underground reservoirs. Carbon capture is sometimes referred to as geological sequestration.
The permanent removal of standing forests that can lead to significant levels of carbon dioxide emissions.
Countries which have a special obligation under the Kyoto Protocol to provide financial resources and transfer technology to developing countries. This group is a sub-section of the Annex I countries, excluding those that, in 1992, were in transition from centrally planned to a free market economy.
A fuel derived from renewable, biological sources, including crops such as maize and sugar cane, and some forms of waste.

42 Clues: The total amount of greenhouse gas emitted by a country per unit of population. • The permanent removal of standing forests that can lead to significant levels of carbon dioxide emissions. • A fuel derived from renewable, biological sources, including crops such as maize and sugar cane, and some forms of waste. • ...

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