forestry Crossword Puzzles

Across

4. Is the ability of a leader or manager to make decisions with little or no outside input. Instead, autocratic leaders rely on their own ideas and instincts when making decisions.
6. Are the people needed to run the business. They include managers and employees, as well as a more abstract element, called enterprise.
10. Is a for-profit business owned by numerous shareholders who enjoy limited liability. That is, individual shareholders are not responsible for the debts of the business.
11. Are intangible products that cannot be touched.
12. Are owned by a relatively small number of shareholders, who may find it difficult to sell their shares if they wish to 'cash out' and use the funds for another purpose.
16. Are non-profit organisations that exist to benefit the public. Charities enjoy tax advantages under UK law.
18. Are physical products that are tangible, meaning they can be touched.
20. Includes all those organisations that are owned and operated by either the central government or local governments (municipalities), or their agencies.
22. the work of directing a business organisation resources.
23. Are the funds needed to set up and invest in a business and keep it running on a daily basis.
27. Is the ability of a leader or manager to give employees minimal direction and large amounts of freedom to make decisions and find their own methods of accomplishing objectives.
28. Are arrangements whereby the public sector enlists the help of a private sector organisation in order to meet its objectives more efficiently. PPPs often involve large infrastructure projects.
31. Involves transforming raw materials into finished or semi-finished products. It includes construction, processing and manufacturing
32. Involves the delivery of services such as education, health care, travel and tourism, entertainment and home and car repair services.
33. Set up by consumers in order to benefit from lower prices, better service, or both.
34. Includes services related to the development and use of data and information. It is a new term and is usually considered as a subset of another sector

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1. Are those physical, fináncial and human resources.
2. Make financial services available to individuals whose needs would otherwise not be met by traditional financial institutions like banks.
3. Includes all those organisations that are owned by individuals or groups of individuals
5. What is the name of the person who designs, launches and starts a business, based on an innovation.
7. The use of strategic and creative thinking that inspires people to meet challenges and accomplish defined goals.
8. Broad category of non-profit organisations that have a purpose or mission to benefit society or the environment.
9. Involve individual shopkeepers who form cooperatives to better negotiate with the suppliers of the products sold in their stores.
13. Is the process of setting up a new business.
14. Is the ability of a leader or manager to adjust their style of leadership to fit the task or situation that they find themselves in.
15. The person or company receiving a good, service, product or idea, in exchange for money or other valuable item.
17. The Output is the good or service that has been obtained after a productive process in which a number of factors have intervened.
19. A person who is the exclusive owner of a business, entitled to keep all profits after tax has been paid but liable for all losses.
21. Set of assets available to a person, especially in the form of money.
24. Is characterised by inclusiveness. Employees feel validated and are encouraged to share their ideas, participating in the decision-making process
25. Involves extracting raw material from the earth. It includes activities such as agriculture, fishing, forestry, and mining for minerals, metals, and oil.
26. This function can go by several different labels: Accounting Department, Finance Department, Bookkeeping (in small businesses), among others.
29. Set of techniques and studies that aim to improve the commercialization of a product.
30. Are the sort of organisation many of us think of when we think of business.

Across

4. Is the ability of a leader or manager to make decisions with little or no outside input. Instead, autocratic leaders rely on their own ideas and instincts when making decisions.
6. Are the people needed to run the business. They include managers and employees, as well as a more abstract element, called enterprise.
10. Is a for-profit business owned by numerous shareholders who enjoy limited liability. That is, individual shareholders are not responsible for the debts of the business.
11. Are intangible products that cannot be touched.
12. Are owned by a relatively small number of shareholders, who may find it difficult to sell their shares if they wish to 'cash out' and use the funds for another purpose.
16. Are non-profit organisations that exist to benefit the public. Charities enjoy tax advantages under UK law.
18. Are physical products that are tangible, meaning they can be touched.
20. Includes all those organisations that are owned and operated by either the central government or local governments (municipalities), or their agencies.
22. the work of directing a business organisation resources.
23. Are the funds needed to set up and invest in a business and keep it running on a daily basis.
27. Is the ability of a leader or manager to give employees minimal direction and large amounts of freedom to make decisions and find their own methods of accomplishing objectives.
28. Are arrangements whereby the public sector enlists the help of a private sector organisation in order to meet its objectives more efficiently. PPPs often involve large infrastructure projects.
31. Involves transforming raw materials into finished or semi-finished products. It includes construction, processing and manufacturing
32. Involves the delivery of services such as education, health care, travel and tourism, entertainment and home and car repair services.
33. Set up by consumers in order to benefit from lower prices, better service, or both.
34. Includes services related to the development and use of data and information. It is a new term and is usually considered as a subset of another sector

Down

1. Are those physical, fináncial and human resources.
2. Make financial services available to individuals whose needs would otherwise not be met by traditional financial institutions like banks.
3. Includes all those organisations that are owned by individuals or groups of individuals
5. What is the name of the person who designs, launches and starts a business, based on an innovation.
7. The use of strategic and creative thinking that inspires people to meet challenges and accomplish defined goals.
8. Broad category of non-profit organisations that have a purpose or mission to benefit society or the environment.
9. Involve individual shopkeepers who form cooperatives to better negotiate with the suppliers of the products sold in their stores.
13. Is the process of setting up a new business.
14. Is the ability of a leader or manager to adjust their style of leadership to fit the task or situation that they find themselves in.
15. The person or company receiving a good, service, product or idea, in exchange for money or other valuable item.
17. The Output is the good or service that has been obtained after a productive process in which a number of factors have intervened.
19. A person who is the exclusive owner of a business, entitled to keep all profits after tax has been paid but liable for all losses.
21. Set of assets available to a person, especially in the form of money.
24. Is characterised by inclusiveness. Employees feel validated and are encouraged to share their ideas, participating in the decision-making process
25. Involves extracting raw material from the earth. It includes activities such as agriculture, fishing, forestry, and mining for minerals, metals, and oil.
26. This function can go by several different labels: Accounting Department, Finance Department, Bookkeeping (in small businesses), among others.
29. Set of techniques and studies that aim to improve the commercialization of a product.
30. Are the sort of organisation many of us think of when we think of business.

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3. the study of how people earn their living, how livelihood systtems vary by area, and how economic activities are spatially iterrelated and linked
4. Proposed by Alfred Weber. The optimum location of a manufacturing establishment in terms of minimization of three basic expenses: relative transport costs, labor costs, and agglomeration costs. Transport costs were the major consideration determining location. Raw materials to the factory and finished goods to the market were at their lowest.
5. tells us that areas tend to specialize in production of those items for which they have the greatest relative advantage over other areas, or for which they have the least relative disadvantage, as long as free trade exists
7. Farmers producing for off-farm sales who apply large amounts of capital and/or labor per unit of land.
13. the largest volume or rate of usethat will not impair its ability to be renewed or to maintain the same future productivity
18. the introduction of a freign element-investment, management, and marketing- into an indigenous culture and economy, often employing an introduced alien labor force
21. Applied to the fourth class of economic activities. Composed entirely of services rendered by white collar professionals working in education, government, management, information processing, and research.
25. proposed bu Alfred Weber and sometimes called Weberian Analysis
26. typified by large wheat farms and livestock ranching
27. Those that add value to materials by changing their form or combining them into more useful, and therefore more valuable, commodities. These include manufacturing and processing industries as well as construction.
28. those that harvest or extract something from the earh like hunting and gathering, grazing, agriculture, fishing, and forestry
29. the planning mechanism created to achieve economic development

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1. Private firms that have established branch operations in nations foreign to their headquarters country. A few TNCs account for 85% or more of world trade in wheat, coffee, cotton, iron ore, and timber. TNCs directly emply some 75 million persons at home and abroad, or about 10% of worldwide nonagricultural paid employment.
2. “Voluntary,”- actually, compulsory- producers’ cooperatives whose unpaid members lost their own land and joined brigades of other workers assigned specific tasks during the crop year
6. removing nonrenewable metallic and nonmetallic minerals, including the mineral fuels, from the earth's crust
8. the wandering but controlled movement of livestock solely dependent on natural forage
9. accure in the form of savings from shared transport facilities, social services, public utilities, communication facilities, and the like
10. involves large areas of land and minimal laborper hectare
11. a complex of seed and management improvements adapted to the needs of intensive agriculture that have brought larger harvests from a given area of farmland
12. the clustering of productive activities and people for mutual advantage
14. goods and services are created for the use of the producers and their kinship groups
15. involves the cultivation of small land holdings through the expenditure of great amounts of labor per acre
16. The planning mechanism created to achieve such economic development. It was assigned responsibility to develop necessary regional infrastructure, to facilitate the specialization of individual enterprises, and to promote overall regional economic growth and integration.
17. communist-controlled societies that have now collapsed in nearly every country where they were formerly created or imposed, producers or their agents disposed of goods and services through government agencies that controlled both supply and price. Quantities and locational patterns of production were tightly programmed by central planning departments.
19. based on harvesting the natural bounty of renewable resources
20. clearing and use, the soils of those lose many of their nutrients and farmers cultivating them need to move on after harvesting several crops. they rotate fields rather than crops to maintain productivity
22. Have become dominant in nearly all culture areas, producers or their agents freely market their goods and services, the laws of supply and demand determine price and quantity, and market competition is the primary force shaping production decisions and associations.
23. Government enterprises operated by paid employees of the state
24. Those that add value to materials by changing their form or combining them into more useful, and therefore more valuable, commodities. These include manufacturing and processing industries as well as construction.

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3. A policy that promotes human reproduction.
6. To leave one community or area in order to settle in another area.
9. The number of males and females within different age groups in a given population.
10. The number of people living in a square kilometre (or other unit of area).
12. The study of how and why populations change in size and how they can be managed.
14. The movement of peoples from one place in the world to another.
17. The number of infant deaths for every 1000 live births, of children under the age of one.
18. Industry that converts raw materials such as farming or mining products into products for sale. The manufacturing industry.
19. A policy that discourages human reproduction.
20. The change in the size of a population due to birth rates, death rates and net migration rates.
21. To move into an area or region in order to settle down and live.
23. When water soaks into soils, removing the minerals and nutrients and reducing their ability to support plant life.
25. the ratio that is a measure of the young dependents (age 0 – 14) in a population, people younger than the age of 15 in relation to the working–age population (15 - 64 years old) as a ratio.
27. These are factors that are causing people to leave an area. They may include factors such as war, drought, floods or the lack of housing, food, education, jobs or a poor standard of living.
28. The difference between the number of people entering a country (immigration) and the number of people leaving a country (emigration).
29. The number of children, per 1000 live births, that die under the age of five in a population in a year.

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1. The ratio where the number of old dependents (age 65+) in a population, people older than 64 in relation to the working-age population (15 - 64 years old) as a ratio. The ratio is expressed as the total number of old dependents per hundred people in the workforce.
2. The difference between the birth rates and death rates, and the change in numbers due to migration, in a population.
4. A population with a high percentage of old people (aged 65 years or older).
5. The number of live births per thousand people in the population, per year. Also known as the crude birth rate as it does not take age or gender into account.
7. The way in which the population is spread out across a given area.
8. The change in the size of a population due to birth and death rates.
11. The ratio is the measure of the dependents (non-working) portion of the population (age groups 0-14 and 65+) compared to the total independent (working) portion of the population ( 15 - 64 years). The ratio is expressed as the number of dependents per hundred people in the workforce.
13. The ratio is a measure of both the young (age 0 – 14 years) and old dependents (age 65 and older) added together to show their number versus the independent population (15 - 64 year olds). The ratio is expressed as the total number of dependents (young and old) per hundred people in the workforce.
15. A population with a high percentage of young people (15 years or younger).
16. The difference between the birth rates and death rates in a population; natural increase differs from overall increase.
22. industry such as mining, agriculture, fishing or forestry that are harvesting raw materials.
24. The average age that a new-born child is expected to live to.
26. The number of deaths per thousand people in the population, per year.

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3. her popular book "Silent Spring" played a pivotal role in the environmental movement by exposing the dangers of pesticides, leading to increased awareness and eventually the ban of DDT and the birth of the modern environmental movement.
5. Type of value that pertains to the inherent worth or essential nature of something, independent of its utility or usefulness for any external purpose.
6. an environmentalist and entrepreneur known for his work on sustainability and green business, co-founding Project Drawdown to identify solutions for mitigating climate change.
7. he is a leader in the environmental justice movement, highlighting the disproportionate impact of environmental hazards on marginalized communities and advocating for equitable environmental policies.
10. This iconic photograph taken during the Apollo 8 mission in 1968 visually encapsulated the environmental movement, fostering a sense of planetary interconnectedness and emphasizing the need for Earth's protection.
11. she became a prominent environmental activist after discovering toxic waste in her neighborhood at Love Canal, leading to the relocation of residents and increased awareness of hazardous waste disposal issues.
14. through the Green Belt Movement in Kenya, she significantly contributed to environmental conservation by promoting tree planting, women's rights, and sustainable development in Kenya.
15. Ethical perspective that extends moral consideration beyond humans to all living organisms; holds that all living beings have intrinsic value and deserve ethical consideration, regardless of their utility to humans.
17. his efforts and preservationist approach were instrumental in the establishment of the National Parks system in the United States, advocating for the preservation of natural landscapes and the appreciation of wilderness.
18. an Amazon rubber tapper, became a symbol of sustainable resource use as he advocated for the rights of indigenous people and sustainable management of the Amazon rainforest.
20. a prominent environmentalist known for his advocacy on climate change issues, co-founding 350.org and mobilizing global movements for climate action.

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1. Fires on this river, particularly the one in 1969, drew attention to industrial pollution and played a pivotal role in the passage of environmental regulations like the Clean Water Act.
2. is a person's or a group's overall perspective and set of beliefs about the fundamental nature of reality, shaping how they interpret the world, understand existence, and make sense of their experiences.
4. Ethical perspective that places humans at the center, considering human interests, well-being, and rights as the primary focus.
8. Type of value that refers to the worth or significance of something based on its usefulness or ability to help achieve a specific goal or desired outcome.
9. this US President’s administration significantly contributed to the environmental movement by establishing key environmental policies, including the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Endangered Species Act (ESA), and the Clean Air Act (CAA).
12. Pinchot his conservationist approach played a key role in the conservation movement by establishing the United States Forest Service and promoting sustainable forestry practices.
13. a branch of philosophy that explores and evaluates the moral relationship between humans and the environment, examining ethical principles and responsibilities concerning the treatment of nature and the conservation of ecosystems.
16. protests in 1982 highlighted environmental racism, as residents opposed the dumping of toxic waste in their predominantly African American community, sparking discussions about environmental justice.
17. a NASA scientist, played a crucial role in raising awareness about climate change, testifying before Congress in the late 1980’s about the dangers of global warming and advocating for urgent action.
19. Ethical perspective that emphasizes the interconnectedness and intrinsic value of ecosystems and the environment as a whole; goes beyond individual organisms and considers the health and integrity of entire ecosystems, recognizing the interdependence of all living and non-living elements within them.

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1. Base, A community’s collection of basic businesses.
3. Business, A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.
8. Industry, Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution.
12. Delivery, Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
13. Economic Activities, The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
17. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.
18. Industry, An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.
19. Trade, An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
20. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
22. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.
25. Factors of Industry, These factors result from the unique characteristics of a location. These are labor, capital, and land.
26. Service, A service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
27. Area, The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
30. Industry, An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.

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2. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.
4. Factors of Industry, These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
5. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
6. Place, A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
7. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
9. Place Theory, A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
10. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
11. Revolution, The Industrial Revolution, now also known as the First Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
14. Economic Activities, A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
15. Service, A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
16. Industry, Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.
21. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.
23. Economic Activities, Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
24. Trade, International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
28. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
29. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.

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6. The planting of different crops in a field each year to maintain the soil's fertility.
9. "Fish Farming"
10. Breeding organisms with specific traits in order to produce offspring with identical traits. Unintendedly caused by the use of pesticides on pest populations.
11. of agriculture cultivation that usually exists in tropical areas where vegetation is cut close to the ground and then ignited. The fire introduces nutrients into the soil, thereby making it productive for a relatively short period of time. (3 words)
12. A type of mining that involves the removal of large portions of soil and rock, called overburden, in order to access the ore underneath.
13. Harvesting fish to the point that species are depleted and the value of the fishery reduced.
16. amount of a renewable resource that can be taken without reducing the available supply.
17. The worldwide campaign to increase agricultural production from the 1940s to 60s, stimulated by new fertilizers and strains of wheat.
20. A type of irrigation that uses perforated hoses to release small amounts of water to plant roots.
21. Suggests that individuals will use shared resources in their own self-interest rather than in keeping with the common good, thereby depleting the resources.
23. The turning-over of soil before planting. (i.e. plowing)
24. Sprayed on crops to increase nutrients and crop yield; contain nitrates and phosphates
26. Occurs when the salts in groundwater remain in the soil after the water evaporates. Over time, it can make soil toxic to plants.
30. Movement of people from rural areas to cities
31. Planting different types of crops in alternating bands or other spatially mixed arrangements.
32. A method of harvesting trees that involves removing all or almost all of the trees within an area.

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1. Increase in concentration of certain stable chemicals in successively higher trophic levels of a food chain or web
2. Method of forestry which you only cut trees of a certain type, size or quality
3. The process of supplying water to areas of land to make them suitable for growing crops. (70% of global water use)
4. Water that moves across the land surface and into streams and rivers, rather than soaking into the ground.
5. Method of fishing that involves pulling a fishing net through the water behind one or more boats.
7. Rock that contains a metal or economically useful mineral
8. The removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves.
14. A type of irrigation that involves flooding an agricultural field with water.
15. The change in population distribution from high population density areas to low density suburbs that spread into rural lands, leading to potential environmental problems.
18. A type of irrigation that involves pumping ground water into spray nozzles across an agricultural field.
19. The cultivation of a single crop on a farm or in a region or country; a single, homogeneous culture without diversity or dissension.
22. Chemicals used on plants that do not harm the plants, but kill pests and have negative repercussions on other species who ingest the chemicals.
25. The loss of soil components, especially topsoil; usually caused by flowing water, wind, or both
26. The practice of digging shafts deep into the ground to find and remove a mineral (a type of mining)
27. Occurs when too many animals feed on a particular area of land. It causes loss of vegetation, which leads to soil erosion.
28. A synthetic organic compound used as an insecticide.
29. A food that is mostly products or organisms that have their genes altered in a laboratory for specific purposes, such as disease resistance, increased productivity, or nutritional value.

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3. This type of architecture is based on energy-efficient and money-saving designs or natural lighting and all that comes with it
4. An energy-efficient, gasoline-electric car; can go up to 50 miles per gallon
8. This type of program proposed by Amory Lovins would have the buyers of fuel-inefficient vehicles would pay a high fee
9. The acronym for the government mandated standards for fuel efficiency in cars
11. These government payments help businesses survive and thrive
13. Doing this in houses and other buildings to keep them warm in the winter or cool in the summer can improve energy efficiency
14. Production of two useful forms of energy from the same fuel source; used in combined heat and power systems (CHP)
15. The measure of how much work we can get from each unit of energy we use
19. Made from plants such as sugarcane, corn, and switchgrass, and from agriculture, forestry, and municipal wastes. Involves converting plant starches into sugars
23. Electric cars may eventually being using these as they are at least twice as efficient as internal combustion engines, require little maintenance, and use hydrogen gas as fuel to produce electricity
24. Uses kinetic energy of flowing and falling water to produce electricity
26. A type of electrical grid currently being promoted that would save the U.S. economy $100 billion each year
27. This type of energy-efficient car make up 45% of new passenger cars in Europe, have very low emissions, are quiet, and are about 30% more fuel efficient than traditional combustion engines
28. Consists of plants materials and animal wastes that we can burn directly as a solid fuel or convert into gaseous or liquid biofuels

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1. If this is done with scrap metals when their original use is done, it would take 75% less energy than it would to make a piece of metal from virgin ore
2. This solar heating system captures energy from the sun by pumping a heat absorbing fluid through special collectors that are facing the sun
5. A car that runs primarily on electricity and can go between 100 to 1,000 miles per gallon
6. This type of light bulb, also known as a "heat bulb" wastes about 90-95% of the electricity it draws to produce the light
7. This solar heating system absorbs and stores heat from the sun directly within a well-insulated structure
10. This crisis is affecting 2.7 billion people in 77 countries due to harvesting wood faster than it can be replenished
11. These thin wafers of purified silicon allow them to produce electricity when sunlight strikes them
12. This type of energy path is based on increasing use of nonrenewable coal, oil, natural gas and nuclear energy
16. This type of energy is heat stored in soil, underground rocks, and fluids in the earth's mantle
17. This type of lighting uses one-fourth the energy as its predecessor and lasts ten times longer
18. This type of power plant, which is very common in Indiana, wastes about 66% of its energy and produces toxic ash as a byproduct
20. This type of power plant wastes about 75% of its energy and is also very dangerous as seen in past accidents; e.g. 3 Mile Island
21. These thermal systems use different methods to collect and concentrate solar energy in order to boil water and produce steam for generating electricity
22. Used commonly in trucks and buses, this is produced from vegetable oil extracted from various plants
25. Places where wind turbines are being erected in large numbers
29. This type of energy path is based on improving energy efficiency and increasing the use of various renewable energy resources

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3. An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
5. A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.
6. A service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
7. International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
9. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
11. An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
13. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
14. Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
15. the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
16. These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
18. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
19. Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
23. A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
24. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
26. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
28. A community’s collection of basic businesses.
29. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
30. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.

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1. Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.
2. An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.
4. labor, capital, and land.
8. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.
10. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.
12. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution
17. A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
20. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
21. A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
22. The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
25. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.
27. A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.

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4. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.
6. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
7. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.
10. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
13. Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
15. An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
16. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
17. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.
21. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.
23. The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
24. An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.Example: Copper Mining
27. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution.
28. An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
29. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
30. A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.

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1. A service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
2. A community’s collection of basic businesses.
3. A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
5. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
8. Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.Example: Fabricated Metal Factories; Beverage Bottling Factories
9. These factors result from the unique characteristics of a location. These are labor, capital, and land.
11. These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
12. International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
14. A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
18. Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
19. The Industrial Revolution, now also known as the First Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
20. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
22. A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
25. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
26. A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.

Across

4. a NASA scientist, played a crucial role in raising awareness about climate change, testifying before Congress in the late 1980’s about the dangers of global warming and advocating for urgent action.
8. a branch of philosophy that explores and evaluates the moral relationship between humans and the environment, examining ethical principles and responsibilities concerning the treatment of nature and the conservation of ecosystems.
10. she became a prominent environmental activist after discovering toxic waste in her neighborhood at Love Canal, leading to the relocation of residents and increased awareness of hazardous waste disposal issues.
12. Ethical perspective that extends moral consideration beyond humans to all living organisms; holds that all living beings have intrinsic value and deserve ethical consideration, regardless of their utility to humans.
14. Fires on this river, particularly the one in 1969, drew attention to industrial pollution and played a pivotal role in the passage of environmental regulations like the Clean Water Act.
16. Ethical perspective that places humans at the center, considering human interests, well-being, and rights as the primary focus.
17. through the Green Belt Movement in Kenya, she significantly contributed to environmental conservation by promoting tree planting, women's rights, and sustainable development in Kenya.
19. this US President’s administration significantly contributed to the environmental movement by establishing key environmental policies, including the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Endangered Species Act (ESA), and the Clean Air Act (CAA).
20. This iconic photograph taken during the Apollo 8 mission in 1968 visually encapsulated the environmental movement, fostering a sense of planetary interconnectedness and emphasizing the need for Earth's protection.
21. his efforts and preservationist approach were instrumental in the establishment of the National Parks system in the United States, advocating for the preservation of natural landscapes and the appreciation of wilderness.

Down

1. an Amazon rubber tapper, became a symbol of sustainable resource use as he advocated for the rights of indigenous people and sustainable management of the Amazon rainforest.
2. his conservationist approach played a key role in the conservation movement by establishing the United States Forest Service and promoting sustainable forestry practices.
3. an environmentalist and entrepreneur known for his work on sustainability and green business, co-founding Project Drawdown to identify solutions for mitigating climate change.
5. her popular book "Silent Spring" played a pivotal role in the environmental movement by exposing the dangers of pesticides, leading to increased awareness and eventually the ban of DDT and the birth of the modern environmental movement.
6. a prominent environmentalist known for his advocacy on climate change issues, co-founding 350.org and mobilizing global movements for climate action.
7. is a person's or a group's overall perspective and set of beliefs about the fundamental nature of reality, shaping how they interpret the world, understand existence, and make sense of their experiences.
9. Type of value that refers to the worth or significance of something based on its usefulness or ability to help achieve a specific goal or desired outcome.
11. he is a leader in the environmental justice movement, highlighting the disproportionate impact of environmental hazards on marginalized communities and advocating for equitable environmental policies.
13. protests in this North Carolina county highlighted environmental racism, as residents opposed the dumping of toxic waste in their predominantly African American community, sparking discussions about environmental justice
15. Ethical perspective that emphasizes the interconnectedness and intrinsic value of ecosystems and the environment as a whole; goes beyond individual organisms and considers the health and integrity of entire ecosystems, recognizing the interdependence of all living and non-living elements within them.
18. Value Type of value that pertains to the inherent worth or essential nature of something, independent of its utility or usefulness for any external purpose.

Across

2. Saang paaralan natuto ng wikang Espanyol si Jose Laurel.
4. Ano ang pangalan ng kanyang itinuturing na ina.
5. Siya ay sumali sa isang organisasyon na nagsasaayos ng mga batas na nanggaling sa Espanyol.
8. Saan nagmula si Jose P. Laurel.
9. Sino ang nagpayo sa magulang nya upang pumili ng apelyidong laurel.
11. Buohin ang ginawang kasabihan ni Jose Laurel na “ Truthfulness, honesty, justice and blank are qualities of the man of character.”
12. Anong instrumento ang kanyang nakahiligan.
16. Ano ang kahulugan ng apelyido ni Laurel.
17. Siya ang nagtatag ng unibersidad noong hulyo 7, 1952.
18. Ilan ang naging anak ni Dr. Jose Laurel sa kanyang asawa.
23. Anong Republika ang pinamunuan ni Jose P. Laurel sa kasagsagan ng WWII.
24. Sa eskwelahan na ito sinasabing nagturo ng asignaturang ingles si Jose Laurel.
25. Anong ang apelyido ng kanyang ina sa pagkadalaga.
29. Ano ang naging trabaho niya sa Bureau of Forestry.
30. LAUREL Pangalan ng naging asawa ni Jose Laurel.
31. Siya ay kilala sa pagiging gobernadorcillo mula noong 1887 hanggang 1889.
33. Si Dr. Jose Laurel ay ang may akda ng ano na kinalaunan isinama sa 1935 Konstitusyon
37. Noong hunyo 5, 1943 ay ilang beses binaril si Dr. Jose Laurel malapit sa kanyang dibdib ngunit himalang nakaligtas.
40. Nakalaban sa halalan ni Jose P. Laurel sa ikalawang distrito.
42. Ano ang ibig sabihin ng letrang L sa core values ni Dr. Jose Laurel.
43. Saan inilunsad ang Great East Asia Conference noong 1943.
44. Anong buwan ang kapanganakan ni Dr. Jose P Laurel.
45. Saan inihalintulad ang termino ni Jose Laurel ng mga Hapon.
46. Siya ay tinaguriang pinakamatandang anak ng Sultan ng Brunei.
47. Siya ay nagtapos ng kanyang abogasya sa anong paaralan.
48. Isang kasapi ng kapulisan na tumatanggap ng suhol kung kaya nagkasala.

Down

1. Ano ang naging dahilan ng kanyang kamatayan.
3. Sino ang nag abswelto sa kaso na kinakaharap ng mga Laurel noong 1909.
6. Anong buwan umuwi si Jose P. Laurel sa bansa.
7. Anong buwan unang nanungkulan si Jose P. Laurel sa ating bansa.
10. Ang paghalal kay Jose P. Laurel sa pagiging pangulo ay itinuturing na ano.
13. Sa taong 1945 ay humina ang pwersa militar ng hapon kung kaya nagpasya nila na.
14. Siya ay naging kasapi ng Kongreso ng Malolos na lumikha ng saligang batas ng Unang Republika ng Pilipinas.
15. Siya ay nagsilbi bilang ano sa kataas-taasang hukuman.
19. Si Dr. Jose Laurel ay naging kasapi sa 1935 Constitution Convention na naging hudyat upang mabuo ang konstitusyon ng ano.
20. Sa ilalim ng proclamation no. 30 ay nagdeklara umano si Dr. Jose Laurel para sa mga Amerikano.
21. Pinasukan na paaralan ni Jose Laurel sa amerika upang kumuha ng Doctorate of Civil law.
22. Nahigitan nya ang sisentang estudyante na kumuha ng board exam.
26. Ilan sa magkakapatid ni Jose P. Laurel.
27. Ito ay itinuturing ng pansamantalang gobyerno na kinabibilangan ni Laurel sa panahon ng pananakop ng hapon.
28. Sa aking talinong itinataglay ni Dr. Jose Laurel naging kabilang siya sa ano.
32. Kumuha si Dr. Jose Laurel ng Master Degree of Law sa anong unibersidad.
34. Ano ang ibinigay sa kanya ng kanyang ina na si Dona Jacoba.
35. Sosyedad na itinatag nina Sotero Laurel at Marcelo del Pillar na may adhikaing pag isahin ang mga mamamayan upang pabagsakin ang mga prayle sa ating bansa.
36. Ano ang nilagdaan ni Sotero sa unang demokratikong konstitusyon sa asya.
37. ilang sangay ng pamahalaan ang tanging pinagsilbihan ni Jose P. Laurel.
38. Idineklara niya ito sa ilalim ng Proclamation No. 29 sa taong 1944 upang protektahan ang bansa.
39. Ano ang pwesto na panalo ni Laurel sa ikalawang distrito.
41. Saan nanggaling ang pangalan ng unibersidad na ipinatayo ni Jose P. Laurel.
45. Ano ang gitnang pangalan ni Jose.

Across

3. The relative location of a place in relation to the physical and cultural characteristics of the surrounding area.
6. A process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income, renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class, owner-occupied area.
7. A dense core of census tracts, densely settled suburbs, and low-density land that links the dense suburbs with the core.
10. A subsidiary urban area surrounding and connecting to the central city. Many are exclusively residential; others have their own commercial centers or shopping malls.
11. process by which companies move industrial jobs to other regions with cheaper labor, leaving the newly deindustrialized region to switch to a service economy and to work through a period of high unemployment
14. A process of change in the use of a house, from single-family owner occupancy to abandonment.
17. A city with a population of greater than 10 million.
20. An area, like Mesopotamia or the Nile River Valley, where large cities first existed.
21. The process of industrial deconcentration in response to technological advances and/or increasing costs due to congestion and competition.
22. Also called economic imperialism, this is the domination of newly independent countries by foreign business interests that causes colonial-style economies to continue, which often caused monoculture
23. The largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement and is dominant in politics, economics, and culture of the country. It is disproportionately larger.
25. An economy with less emphasis on heavy industry and manufacturing and more emphasis on services and technology
26. A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
27. All of the things needed to support a city or industry.
28. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service
29. Sending industrial processes out for external production. The term outsourcing increasingly applies not only to traditional industrial functions, but also to the contracting of service industry functions to companies to overseas locations, where operating costs remain relatively low.

Down

1. Mutual benefits of an industry.
2. City established by colonizing empires as administrative centers. Often they were established on already existing native cities, completely overtaking their infrastructures.
4. An increase in the percentage of the number of people living in urban settlements
5. A form of tourism to exotic or threatened ecosystems to observe wildlife or to help preserve nature.
6. A ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area.
8. Cities that were developed hugely as an effect of the Industrial Revolution.
9. Real estate agents advising customers to purchase homes in neighborhoods depending on their race.
12. The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry.
13. Movement of upper and middle-class people from urban core areas to the surrounding outskirts to escape pollution as well as deteriorating social conditions
15. The internal physical and human features of a place, independent of the place's relationship to other places around it.
16. Separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences; in geography can be measured by examining residential patterns.
18. A process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the boundaries.
19. A ranking of settlements (hamlet, village, town, city, metropolis) according to their size and economic functions.
24. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.

Across

3. An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
5. A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.
6. A service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
7. International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
9. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
11. An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
13. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
14. Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
15. the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
16. These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
18. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
19. Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
23. A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
24. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
26. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
28. A community’s collection of basic businesses.
29. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
30. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.

Down

1. Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.
2. An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.
4. labor, capital, and land.
8. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.
10. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.
12. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution
17. A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
20. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
21. A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
22. The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
25. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.
27. A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.

Across

4. Oak species common in the Coastal Plain.
5. Fast-growing deciduous tree, often found near water.
7. Common hickory with pear-shaped nuts.
8. Deciduous tree with dark bark and small, edible dark fruits.
10. Virginia's state tree, known for white or pink bracts.
11. Tree with dense, oval crown, known for brilliant fall color.
12. A specific species of oak, known for its pale bark.
13. General term for genus including the state tree.
14. Common pine with short, twisted needles in bundles of two.
19. The science and art of managing forests.
20. Large deciduous tree valued for its rich, dark wood and nuts.
21. Genus of trees, some species are common in Virginia, facing threat from emerald ash borer.
23. Small deciduous tree or shrub with early white flowers and edible berries.
26. Oak species with chestnut-like leaves.
29. Fast-growing deciduous tree with fragrant white flowers.
31. Small tree producing large, edible, tropical-tasting fruit.
32. Oak species with willow-like, narrow leaves.
33. Massive deciduous tree with distinctive mottled, peeling bark.
35. Evergreen conifer, some species in higher elevations of Appalachians.
37. Deciduous conifer found in deep swamps, known for "knees."
40. Coniferous evergreen tree with scale-like leaves and berry-like cones.
44. Slow-growing deciduous tree with muscled-looking bark.
48. Deciduous tree known for its distinctive peeling bark and edible nuts.
50. Large deciduous tree with smooth, gray bark.
51. Deciduous tree with edible red to purple fruit.
53. Fast-growing oak with reddish bark and deeply lobed leaves.
57. A specific species of oak, known for its strong wood.
58. Small deciduous tree with distinctive purple-pink flowers in spring.
60. Deciduous tree with distinctive three-lobed leaves and aromatic bark.
61. Common hickory in Virginia, known for its large nuts.

Down

1. Evergreen tree with spiny, dark green leaves and red berries.
2. Large evergreen conifer with soft, long needles in bundles of five.
3. Fast-growing southern pine, very common in Virginia.
4. Oak species known for its brilliant red fall foliage.
6. Pine found in the Appalachian Mountains, with rigid cones.
9. Evergreen shrub with attractive flowers, common in forested areas.
15. Oak species with cruciform-shaped leaves.
16. Common pine with flexible needles, often found with loblolly.
17. Deciduous tree bearing orange, edible fruit.
18. Hickory species known for its bitter nuts.
22. Conifer found in coastal swamps and wetlands.
24. Also known as Tulip Tree, a tall, fast-growing deciduous tree.
25. General term for hardwood trees producing edible nuts.
27. Evergreen conifer, some species in higher elevations of Appalachians.
28. Deciduous tree with large leaves and distinctive fruit capsules.
30. Processed wood.
34. Deciduous tree with dark, smooth bark that smells of wintergreen when scratched.
36. Common Virginia tree with stunning fall colors, often reddish flowers in spring.
38. Pine with stiff needles in bundles of three.
39. A dominant genus of trees in Virginia forests, known for its acorns.
41. Broad-leaved evergreen shrub or small tree, common in mountains.
42. Evergreen conifer with short, flat needles, can be found in cooler areas.
43. Small deciduous tree with delicate white, fringe-like flowers.
45. Small tree with thorns, white flowers, and red berries.
46. Oak species with small, pointed leaves and tightly clustered lower branches.
47. Wood prepared for use.
49. Common, resilient shade tree with warty bark.
52. Deciduous tree with peeling, papery bark, often found near water.
54. Evergreen shrub or small tree, some species are native to Virginia.
55. Oak species with large, chestnut-like leaves.
56. Maple species known for its vibrant fall colors and sap used for syrup.
59. Deciduous tree with star-shaped leaves and spiky seed balls.

Across

2. The number of males and females within different age groups in a given population.
5. The difference between the birth rates and death rates in a population; natural increase differs from overall increase.
7. The number of live births per thousand people in the population, per year. Also known as the crude birth rate as it does not take age or gender into account.
10. To leave one community or area in order to settle in another area.
14. These are factors that are causing people to leave an area. They may include factors such as war, drought, floods or the lack of housing, food, education, jobs or a poor standard of living.
16. The way in which the population is spread out across a given area.
17. refers to the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system.
19. The number of people living in a square kilometre (or other unit of area).
22. A policy that discourages human reproduction.
24. The ratio is the measure of the dependents (non-working) portion of the population (age groups 0-14 and 65+) compared to the total independent (working) portion of the population ( 15 - 64 years). The ratio is expressed as the number of dependents per hundred people in the workforce. Also referred to as total dependency ratio.
26. The number of children, per 1000 live births, that die under the age of five in a population in a year.
27. The number of deaths per thousand people in the population, per year.
28. the ratio that is a measure of the young dependents (age 0 – 14) in a population, people younger than the age of 15 in relation to the working–age population (15 - 64 years old) as a ratio.
29. A population with a high percentage of old people (aged 65 years or older).
30. The change in the size of a population due to birth and death rates.

Down

1. A population with a high percentage of young people (15 years or younger).
3. The change in the size of a population due to birth rates, death rates and net migration rates.
4. The average age that a new-born child is expected to live to.
6. The study of how and why populations change in size and how they can be managed.
8. The movement of peoples from one place in the world to another.
9. is a graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population (typically that of a country or region of the world), which forms the shape of a pyramid when the population is growing.
11. Industry that converts raw materials such as farming or mining products into products for sale. The manufacturing industry.
12. The number of infant deaths for every 1000 live births, of children under the age of one.
13. The difference between the birth rates and death rates, and the change in numbers due to migration, in a population.
15. A policy that promotes human reproduction.
18. To move into an area or region in order to settle down and live.
20. The ratio where the number of old dependents (age 65+) in a population, people older than 64 in relation to the working-age population (15 - 64 years old) as a ratio. The ratio is expressed as the total number of old dependents per hundred people in the workforce.
21. industry such as mining, agriculture, fishing or forestry that are harvesting raw materials.
23. When water soaks into soils, removing the minerals and nutrients and reducing their ability to support plant life.
25. The difference between the number of people entering a country (immigration) and the number of people leaving a country (emigration).

Across

2. A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communications among speakers of two different languages 3
5. broad zones of vegetation that correspond to mean annual temperatures at different latitudes and altitudes 5
7. Ceding Power from a central government to regional or local governments 4
8. Breaking up or fragmentation into smaller units 4
11. people per arable land 2
15. encourages childbearing 2
16. arrangements and space of objects on Earth 1
18. the culture of plants for food, comfort, and beauty 5
21. amount of interaction between two cities 7
22. Map that uses some symbol to display the frequency of a variable. The larger the symbol on the map, the higher the frequency of the variable found in that region 1
24. map that shows true direction and land shapes, but not size or distance 1
25. Transfer of some types of jobs, especially those requiring low-paid, less-skilled workers, from more developed to less developed countries 6
28. a process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that black families will soon move into the neighborhood. 7
29. limits childbearing 2
31. an outbreak of a disease that spreads worldwide 2
32. & comparative advantage 6
34. regional variation of a language distinguished by vocab, spelling, and pronunciation 3
35. Commercial agriculture characterized by integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations 5
36. The raising of animals or the growing of crops on tended land to obtain food for primary consumption by a farmer's family or for sale off the farm 5

Down

1. A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time. 2
3. underlying principle of a characteristic spreads although characteristic failed, trends,McDonalds 4
4. sensing objects that measure the Earth's surface
6. states may choose to place physical reminders 4
9. They asserted that the Central Business District (CBD) was no longer the only center of an urban area or city 7
10. Tertiary sector businesses that provide services that are traditionally performed in the home
12. A language that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated.3
13. franca language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages. English in US. 3
14. grouping together of many firms from the same industry in a single area for collective or cooperative use of infrastructure and sharing of labor resources 6
17. an urban center with certain attributes that, if augmented by a measure of investment support, will stimulate regional economic development in its hinterland 6
19. Illegal practice of refusing to make mortgage loans or issue insurance policies in specific areas for reasons other than economic qualifications of applicants 7
20. is a geographical theory that seeks to explain the number, size and location of human settlements in a residential system. Hexagons 7
23. Thematic map that uses dots to represent the frequency of a variable in a given area 1
26. a policy of cultural extension and potential political expansion by a country 4
27. Service sector industries concerned with the collection, processing, and manipulation of information and capital. Examples include finance, administration, insurance, and legal services. 6
30. The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry. 5
33. borders drawn onto a map 4

Across

3. An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
5. A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.
6. A service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
7. International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
9. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
11. An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
13. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
14. Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
15. the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
16. These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
18. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
19. Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
23. A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
24. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
26. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
28. A community’s collection of basic businesses.
29. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
30. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.

Down

1. Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.
2. An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.
4. labor, capital, and land.
8. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.
10. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.
12. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution
17. A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
20. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
21. A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
22. The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
25. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.
27. A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.

Across

6. a type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing
7. the area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (hinderland)
9. the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing
12. the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840
13. a theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther
15. the inputs weigh more than the final products
16. focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people
18. the maximum distance a consumer is willing to travel for a service
20. a service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services
23. a commodity sold abroad from a certain country
24. a business that primarily produces and sells for consumers that are outside the settlement
25. manufacturing based in homes rather than factories, most common before the industrial revolution
27. the transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market
28. a commodity or service brought into a country from abroad
29. makes something gain volume or weight during production
30. Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed

Down

1. a process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries
2. economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs
3. these factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers
4. the tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals
5. international trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions
8. industry where labor costs make a large number of total expenses
10. the minimum number of people to support a service
11. an institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards
14. a community's collection of basic businesses
17. a service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services
19. these factors result from the unique characteristics of location like capital, land, and labor
21. a market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area
22. the area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services
26. a decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers

Across

2. /geographical term which describes the effect that distance has on spatial interactions 1(VIT)
6. /a central point in a function culture region 6(IDK)
13. /the maximum number of people who can be realistically sustained by the geography of that area 2(VIT)
14. /when a nation stretches across borders and across states 4(CC)
16. /The average number of deaths per thousand births in a given region during a given time period. 2(IDK)
19. /The process of physically representing a boundary on the landscape. 4(IDK)
22. /The average number of deaths per thousand births in a given region during a given time period. 2(CC)
25. /The small communities lying beyond the suburbs of a city 6(CC)
26. /A period of rapid development of industry that started in Great Britain in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. 7(VIT)
27. /a belief in attempting only realistically achievable reforms in society. 1(IDK)
29. /a place of origin for a widespread cultural trend. 3(VIT)
30. / small credit or loans given to people in developing countries to start small businesses and help improve the economy. 7(IDK)
31. /A ring of land maintained as parks,agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area. 6(IDK)
33. /relating to it in terms of quantity 1(CC)
34. /A country with multiple culture groups or multiple ethnic groups under a single government. 4(CC)
35. /where a large amount of businesses are located. 5(VIT)

Down

1. /there should be a larger number of small cities than bigger cities. 6(VIT)
3. /the study of the forms and features of land surfaces 1(IDK)
4. / The process of mapmakers placing the boundary on the map. 4(IDK)
5. /the process wherein political officials redraw electoral districts to favor a certain political party, ethnic group, coalition, or social class. 4(VIT)
7. / When cultures come into contact and a less dominant culture adopts some of the traits of the more influential or dominant one 3(CC)
8. /when they have availability and adequate access at all times to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life. 5(CC)
9. /All types of movements between locations 2(CC)
10. / When cultures come into contact and a less dominant culture adopts some of the traits of the more influential or dominant one 3(CC)
11. /the seasonal movement of livestock (herding) between mountains and lowland pastures 5(IDK)
12. /relating to the nature or standard of something rather than quantity 1(CC)
15. /the continual movement of livestock in search of forage for animals. 5(IDK)
17. /The portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials. 7(CC)
18. /A division of a branch that unites a number of local congregations in a single legal and administrative body. 3(IDK)
20. /The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry. 7(CC)
21. /an urban area with a large suburban residential and business area surrounding it. 6(CC)
23. /someone who has migrated to another country in hope of being recognized as refugee 2(IDK)
24. /when the cost of food is too high in certain regions, or a family is struggling to make ends meet. 5(CC)
28. /form of mass production in which each worker is assigned one specific task to perform repeatedly 7(IDK)
32. / a language that combines simple words from multiple languages so that people who need to understand one another, in order to conduct trade and facilitate business, are able to communicate with one another 3(IDK)

Across

5. This sector of the economy focuses on high level decision making and management hence why stay-at-home moms are included in it
6. A German car company that is receiving 13 billion from provincial/federal governments to build a battery plant in St. Thomas, Ontario
7. Often referred to as the "service sector" as most jobs in it offer a service for money
10. This famous ketchup making company closed their factory in Ontario
11. A valuable salt like mineral used in the making of electric vehicles
12. One of the 7 location factors where the factory wants to be close to ____ materials for easier production
13. These types of jobs bring in new money to a community from an outside source
14. A resource used in fertiliser, road salt, and recycling mostly mined in Saskatchewan
15. Sometimes the tertiary sector is simply called the _________ sector
18. One of the 7 location factors that sees a factory build close to where there are workers to hire
21. The acronym for Canada's most important Free Trade agreement
23. The sector of the economy based on turning raw materials into a finished product
26. One of the 7 location factors where the factory builds close to a source of fresh _______ for better production
27. An acronym for someone who doesn't want development nearby their house or area
29. One of the 7 location factors focused on the government aspects like a 13 billion dollar subsidy to volkswagen
30. An acronym for the total national income of money in a given country
31. Some countries do not want free trade and become _____________ putting tariffs on foreign goods and isolating themselves
33. The R/P _______ helps us to find out how long certain non-renewable resources will last for
34. StelCo, also known as ______ Works closed down one of their steel making factories in Ontario
35. With diamond mining in northern Canada these groups/peoples are more often impacted than other groups
36. The sector of the economy based around extraction of resources like mining, farming, forestry

Down

1. The broad term for the process of the world becoming more and more interconnected
2. One of the 7 location factors focused on building a factory closed to the people they will be selling to
3. The world is seeing increased ______ trade in the past century as countries want access to more and more goods
4. This famous cereal, oats, and granola bar making company closed their factory in Ontario
8. The sector of the economy focused on research and development (very tech/computer based)
9. This is a rock that looks like coal but sometimes holds diamonds in it
16. The act of moving jobs out of a country or area to a place where they can pay people less or it costs less to build
17. Often when we speak of the secondary sector we are discussing this type of economic activity (the title for many slides)
19. The act of replacing human workers with robots able to carry out their work
20. One of the 7 location factors that sees access to roads/rails/highways as fundamental
22. This was a group in the 1800s who saw the threat of technology stealing their means of income and work without any government oversight
24. One of the 7 location factors in which location happens for unplanned reasons, like starting a business in a garage
25. This is what we call money given out by the government, sometimes to manufacturers to stay in Ontario/Canada
28. The __________ effect focuses on how an initial injection of money into a community will lead to larger economic growth
30. Part of the problem with diamond mining is the fact that we can get lab-made diamonds that some call _____ diamonds as though they were a plant
32. This is a tax put on foreign goods to encourage the creation of goods domestically

Across

7. industry such as mining, agriculture, fishing or forestry that are harvesting raw materials.
11. The change in the size of a population due to birth rates, death rates and net migration rates.
12. The number of males and females within different age groups in a given population.
15. The number of infant deaths for every 1000 live births, of children under the age of one.
16. The ratio is a measure of both the young (age 0 – 14 years) and old dependents (age 65 and older) added together to show their number versus the independent population (15 - 64 year olds). The ratio is expressed as the total number of dependents (young and old) per hundred people in the workforce.
17. When water soaks into soils, removing the minerals and nutrients and reducing their ability to support plant life.
18. The difference between the birth rates and death rates in a population; natural increase differs from overall increase.
23. People migrating into a country
24. the ratio that is a measure of the young dependents (age 0 – 14) in a population, people younger than the age of 15 in relation to the working–age population (15 - 64 years old) as a ratio.
25. A policy that promotes human reproduction.
29. The change in the size of a population due to birth and death rates.
30. The movement of peoples from one place in the world to another.
31. The ratio where the number of old dependents (age 65+) in a population, people older than 64 in relation to the working-age population (15 - 64 years old) as a ratio. The ratio is expressed as the total number of old dependents per hundred people in the workforce.

Down

1. To leave one community or area in order to settle in another area.
2. A population with a high percentage of young people (15 years or younger).
3. The average age that a new-born child is expected to live to.
4. The way in which the population is spread out across a given area.
5. A population with a high percentage of old people (aged 65 years or older).
6. The study of how and why populations change in size and how they can be managed.
8. To move into an area or region in order to settle down and live.
9. The difference between the birth rates and death rates, and the change in numbers due to migration, in a population.
10. The number of children, per 1000 live births, that die under the age of five in a population in a year.
13. The ratio is the measure of the dependents (non-working) portion of the population (age groups 0-14 and 65+) compared to the total independent (working) portion of the population ( 15 - 64 years). The ratio is expressed as the number of dependents per hundred people in the workforce.
14. The number of deaths per thousand people in the population, per year.
19. Industry that converts raw materials such as farming or mining products into products for sale. The manufacturing industry.
20. People migrating out of a country.
21. The number of live births per thousand people in the population, per year. Also known as the crude birth rate as it does not take age or gender into account.
22. These are factors that are causing people to leave an area. They may include factors such as war, drought, floods or the lack of housing, food, education, jobs or a poor standard of living.
26. The difference between the number of people entering a country (immigration) and the number of people leaving a country (emigration).
27. A policy that discourages human reproduction.
28. The number of people living in a square kilometre (or other unit of area).

Across

2. The number of males and females within different age groups in a given population.
5. The difference between the birth rates and death rates in a population; natural increase differs from overall increase.
7. The number of live births per thousand people in the population, per year. Also known as the crude birth rate as it does not take age or gender into account.
10. To leave one community or area in order to settle in another area.
14. These are factors that are causing people to leave an area. They may include factors such as war, drought, floods or the lack of housing, food, education, jobs or a poor standard of living.
16. The way in which the population is spread out across a given area.
17. refers to the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system.
19. The number of people living in a square kilometre (or other unit of area).
22. A policy that discourages human reproduction.
24. The ratio is the measure of the dependents (non-working) portion of the population (age groups 0-14 and 65+) compared to the total independent (working) portion of the population ( 15 - 64 years). The ratio is expressed as the number of dependents per hundred people in the workforce. Also referred to as total dependency ratio.
26. The number of children, per 1000 live births, that die under the age of five in a population in a year.
27. The number of deaths per thousand people in the population, per year.
28. the ratio that is a measure of the young dependents (age 0 – 14) in a population, people younger than the age of 15 in relation to the working–age population (15 - 64 years old) as a ratio.
29. A population with a high percentage of old people (aged 65 years or older).
30. The change in the size of a population due to birth and death rates.

Down

1. A population with a high percentage of young people (15 years or younger).
3. The change in the size of a population due to birth rates, death rates and net migration rates.
4. The average age that a new-born child is expected to live to.
6. The study of how and why populations change in size and how they can be managed.
8. The movement of peoples from one place in the world to another.
9. is a graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population (typically that of a country or region of the world), which forms the shape of a pyramid when the population is growing.
11. Industry that converts raw materials such as farming or mining products into products for sale. The manufacturing industry.
12. The number of infant deaths for every 1000 live births, of children under the age of one.
13. The difference between the birth rates and death rates, and the change in numbers due to migration, in a population.
15. A policy that promotes human reproduction.
18. To move into an area or region in order to settle down and live.
20. The ratio where the number of old dependents (age 65+) in a population, people older than 64 in relation to the working-age population (15 - 64 years old) as a ratio. The ratio is expressed as the total number of old dependents per hundred people in the workforce.
21. industry such as mining, agriculture, fishing or forestry that are harvesting raw materials.
23. When water soaks into soils, removing the minerals and nutrients and reducing their ability to support plant life.
25. The difference between the number of people entering a country (immigration) and the number of people leaving a country (emigration).

Across

1. (the answer is fish)

Down

Across

1. What do you use to protect your head during a prescribed fire?

Down

Across

4. sector/ includes services related to the development and use of data and information. It is a new term and is usually considered as a subset of the tertiary sector.
6. of command/ in an organisation is the line of authority and responsibility along which orders are passed from one person to another.
11. sector/ involves extracting raw material from the earth. It includes activities such as agriculture, fishing, forestry, and mining for minerals, metals, and oil.
13. are the individuals with the talent, perseverance and appetite for risk that lead them to create new organisations.
14. enterprises/ are organisations that engage in business activity but that have also set themselves important goals in terms of improving society or protecting the environment.
17. is the activity of entrepreneurship when it takes place within an established organisation
20. are intangible products that cannot be touched.
21. chart/ is a graphical illustration of relationships between an organisation's departments, functions and people.
23. functions of management/ summarise the work a manager does within a business organisation, such as planning, coordinating, commanding, controlling and organising activities.
25. structure/ determines how tasks are divided and coordinated, who employees report to, who has the authority to define tasks to employees and what the role of each employee is in the organisation.
26. are non-profit organisations that exist to benefit the public.
27. of control/ describes the number of subordinates that a manager or supervisor can directly control.
28. sector/ involves the delivery of services such as education, health care, travel and tourism, entertainment and home and car repair services.
29. partnerships/ are arrangements whereby the public sector enlists the help of a private sector organisation in order to meet its objectives more efficiently.
30. are physical products that are 'tangible', meaning they can be touched. include items like computers, TVs, clothing, furniture, vehicles and industrial equipment.
35. is the assignment of responsibility or authority to another person to carry out specific activities.

Down

1. sector/ includes all those organisations that are owned by individuals or groups of individuals.
2. is a for-profit business owned by numerous shareholders who enjoy limited liability.
3. sector/ includes all those organisations that are owned and operated by either the central government or local governments (municipalities), or their agencies, such as the National Health Service in the United Kingdom.
5. is a for-profit business owned by two or more individuals who are each personally responsible for the debts of the business.
7. are encouraged by their employers to take risks to develop new products, processes, and services while retaining their status as employees.
8. organisations/ are non-profit organisations that usually state their purpose or mission as benefiting society or the environment.
9. is a pyramid-like structure where each level (except the top and the bottom levels) has one higher and one lower level.
10. is the process of setting up a new business.
12. means a transfer of decision-making power.
15. is defined as the values that guide people’s behaviour in society and that translate into work-related behaviour and attitudes
16. is an organisation that is owned by its members who come together to work towards a common interest.
18. plan/ is usually a written document that describes all the aspects of a new enterprise in terms of the product or business idea, marketing, finance, operations, and human resources.
19. values/ are principles that govern a person's behaviour or the conducting of an activity. These values and principles allow an individual to distinguish between right and wrong.
22. is a system of administration with clear hierarchical structure in which people are expected to follow precisely defined rules and procedures.
24. providers/ make financial services available to individuals whose needs would otherwise not be met by traditional financial institutions like banks
31. trader/ is a for-profit business owned by a single individual.
32. is the work of directing a business organisation's resources (physical and non-physical) to achieve business objectives.
33. sector/ involves transforming raw materials into finished or semi-finished products. It includes construction, processing and manufacturing.
34. is the HR strategy of reducing the number of levels in the organisational hierarchy.

Across

1. The study, cultivation, and marketing of flowers and ornamental plants.
4. Farming or producing plant and animal products in ways that promote the health of people, animals, and the environment.
5. A prickly, rambling vine or shrub.
9. A scientist who studies plants, including their structure, genetics, ecology, classification, and economic importance; often called a plant scientist.
14. A person who designs, installs, and maintains interior landscapes.
16. A consumer who is interested in eating locally grown foods.
17. A fruit tree orchard with between 150 and 180 trees per acre that comes into bearing within 2 to 3 years of planting.
20. A carefully measured area of trees.
21. The study of plant growth, reproduction, and adaptation as well as the use of plants for food, fiber, and ornamental purposes.
22. A method in which a plant is grown in a pot and that pot is placed in another pot that has been sunk into the ground. The system makes watering and moving the plant easier than growing the plant in the ground.
24. The science, cultivation, processing, storage, and marketing of herbs and vegetables. The practice of producing edible vegetable crops.
26. The science, study, and technology of cultivating crops for food, fiber, and fuel, including the management of soil.
27. A rare means of plant reproduction in which the flower stalk (after pollination) elongates and pushes into the ground where the fruit matures.
29. A collection of grass plants that form a ground cover, often used for sports areas, homes, and industrial sites.
30. A place where young plants and trees are cultivated for sale and for planting elsewhere.
31. To grow plants from seeds or other methods, such as rootings or cuttings.
33. A person who plants, manages, and cares for forests.
34. The cultivation of grapes to be eaten fresh and to be used for making juices, raisins, jams, jellies, and wines.
35. A harvesting method in which the root system of a plant or tree is wrapped in burlap and tied with twine, which serves to protect the roots during transport.
36. A professional who specializes in the cultivation of grapes to be eaten fresh and to be used for making juices, raisins, jams, jellies, and wines.
37. The design, installation, and maintenance of plants inside buildings.

Down

2. A person who uses grapes to make wine using chemistry and food science knowledge.
3. The portion of the horticulture industry that cultivates and arranges outdoor plant materials to create spaces that are inviting, beautiful, and useful to people and the ecosystem.
6. harvesting method in which all soil is removed from the plant’s root system. The roots may be covered with a plastic bag for shipping purposes.
7. The cultivation, processing, storing, and marketing of fruits and nuts.
8. The constructed areas around a building or in a landscape, such as pavers, patios, sidewalks, and retaining walls
10. The stems, leaves, and roots of a plant harvested for flavorings, foods, perfumes, or medicines; nonreproductive parts of the plant (not flowers, fruits, or seeds).
11. The science, art, technology, and business of plant cultivation.
12. A person who studies or practices cultivating crops for food, fiber, and fuel. May specialize in areas such as biotechnology, soil science, weed science, or plant breeding.
13. The portion of the horticulture industry that cultivates and arranges outdoor plant materials to create spaces that are inviting, beautiful, and useful to people and the ecosystem.
15. The science or practice of planting, managing, repairing, and caring for forests. Also referred to as silviculture.
18. A person who specializes in the science, art, technology, and business of plant cultivation.
19. A plant that returns year after year.
21. A professional involved in the cultivation, processing, storing, and marketing of fruits and nuts.
23. The study, cultivation, and marketing of flowers and ornamental plants.
25. The scientific study of plants, including their structure, genetics, ecology, classification, and economic importance.
28. Food that has been raised naturally, without chemicals or genetic modifications of any kind.
32. stand, Trees or other growth occupying a specific area that are uniform in species, size, age, arrangement, and condition.

Across

6. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
7. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
9. A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
10. A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
11. These factors result from the unique characteristics of a location. These are labor, capital, and land.
15. A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
16. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
19. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution.
22. The Industrial Revolution, now also known as the First Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
24. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.
25. A service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
27. An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
28. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
29. A community’s collection of basic businesses.
30. An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.

Down

1. A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
2. A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.
3. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.
4. Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.
5. Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
8. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
12. The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
13. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
14. These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
17. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.
18. An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.
20. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.
21. International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
23. Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
26. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.

Across

4. An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
9. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution.
10. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.
12. A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
14. An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
15. A service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
16. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
17. Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
19. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
21. International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
22. Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.
25. Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
26. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
29. Something that is brought in from a foreign place.
30. An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.

Down

1. The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
2. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.
3. A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
5. A community's collection of basic businesses.
6. A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
7. The Industrial Revolution, now also known as the First Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
8. These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
11. A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.
13. A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
18. These factors result from the unique characteristics of a location. These are labor, capital, and land.
20. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
23. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.
24. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
27. Something that is sold abroad.
28. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.

Across

2. A form of nationalism where national identity and political allegiance are primarily defined by shared ethnicity or ethnic ties.4IDK
3. The perceived or actual connection or separation between two places, considering factors like cultural similarity, economic ties, or social interactions, rather than just physical distance.1CC
5. A geographic area defined by people's perceptions, feelings, and attitudes rather than by objective boundaries.1IDK
8. The position of a place in relation to other places or features, not in terms of exact coordinates.1CC
10. The specific, inherent characteristics of a place's physical location.6CC
11. Explains how developed (core) nations maintain dominance over developing (periphery) nations by exploiting their resources and labor, creating a cycle of dependence.7VIT
17. Economic activities that involve the direct extraction of raw materials from the Earth, such as agriculture, mining, forestry, and fishing.7CC
18. Abandoned properties that are contaminated, or potentially contaminated, with hazardous pollutants.6VIT
20. The learned behaviors, beliefs, values, and material objects that characterize a group of people and are passed down through generations.3CC
21. The small scale production of fruits, vegetables, and flowers as cash crops sold directly to local consumers.5IDK
23. A government policy aimed at reducing the birth rate and slowing down population growth.2IDK
24. The process of actively shaping and designing public spaces to reflect local identity, foster community engagement, and enhance the overall experience of a place.3IDK
25. Highly developed regions with a strong economic base, often characterized by high levels of innovation and advanced technology.7CC
26. The process of culture blending and the formation of new cultural identities, especially in contact zones.3IDK
28. Individuals who flee their home country due to fear of persecution and seek protection in another country.2IDK
30. Stands for the Mercado Común del Sur (Southern Common Market), a regional integration process in South America.7IDK
32. The state where individuals lack consistent access to enough food for an active and healthy life.5CC
33. A land division system where land is divided into long, narrow strips, often along a waterway or road, providing access to the resource for each parcel.5IDK
34. Positive conditions or attributes of a place that attract people to move to it.2CC

Down

1. A deteriorated area within a city characterized by high poverty, crime, and a lack of basic amenities like good housing and services.6IDK
4. The legal, or agreed upon, description of a boundary, often established through treaties or other formal agreements.4CC
6. The lines drawn on a map that define the limits of a territory.4CC
7. A collective effort by a group within a nation or region to gain self-determination, or the right to govern themselves, often seeking separation from a larger political entity.4VIT
9. A form of tourism that prioritizes environmental conservation and sustainable practices, while also providing economic benefits to local communities and educating visitors about nature and culture.7IDK
12. A place of origin for a widespread cultural trait or trend, like a new religion or a technological innovation.3CC
13. The claim that a state should include territory outside its existing borders due to cultural, ethnic, or historical ties.4IDK
14. Official government or organizational texts that outline specific rules, regulations, or guidelines related to a particular issue.1IDK
15. An area in a developed country where healthy food is difficult to obtain.5CC
16. The process where immigrants from a specific area follow others from the same area to a particular destination.2VIT
19. Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.1VIT
22. A place's location in relation to other places, including its natural surroundings, access to transportation, and proximity to other settlements.6CC
24. Negative conditions that encourage people to leave a specific location, often seeking a better life elsewhere.2CC
27. An area located beyond the suburbs of a major urban area, often characterized by low population density and a primarily residential, prosperous character.6IDK
29. A form of commercial agriculture where livestock, typically cattle and sheep, are raised on large tracts of land.5VIT
31. The adoption of cultural traits, such as language, by one group under the influence of another.3VIT

Across

2. Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
3. These factors result from the unique characteristics of a location. These are labor, capital, and land.
5. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.
8. An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
10. These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
11. A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
13. An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.
15. A service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
21. An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
22. The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
23. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
24. International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
26. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
28. A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
29. The Industrial Revolution, now also known as the First Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
30. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).

Down

1. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
4. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
6. Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
7. A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.
9. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.
12. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution.
14. A community’s collection of basic businesses.
16. Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.\
17. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.
18. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
19. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.
20. A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
25. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
27. A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.

Across

2. A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.
6. An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.
7. A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
8. These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
13. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
14. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
15. The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
16. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.
17. A community’s collection of basic businesses.
19. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
21. An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
22. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution.
23. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
24. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.
25. A service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
27. Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.
28. International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
29. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
30. The Industrial Revolution, now also known as the First Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.

Down

1. Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs)
3. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.
4. These factors result from the unique characteristics of a location. These are labor, capital, and land.
5. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
9. An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
10. Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
11. A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
12. Theory A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
18. A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
20. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers
26. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).

Across

3. : The term that refers to a life of little to no physical activity, spending a lot of time seated.
6. pox : A disease in turkeys that is transmitted primarily by blood-feeding arthropods
9. forest : This term refers to is the observed process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time.
12. : Provides cover and from predators and brood habitat in the winter months.
13. mortality : The premise that each animal killed by hunters is and additional death that adds to the overall mortality rate.
14. turkey: The species of turkey that is found only in the peninsula of Florida and has tail feathers and coverts that are tipped with a chestnut brown color.
17. mortality : The concept that mortality resulting from hunting will be compensated for by a reduction in mortality from other factors such as predation or weather.
19. : The term that refers to sitting on or brooding the eggs of birds to hatch them.
21. : Know as the “blackhead disease,” and is caused by protozoan parasites.
23. game : Game that makes annual long or short distance movement between breeding and non-breeding ranges.
24. : the concept that an inverse relationship exist between productivity and abundance. Therefore a population reduced by hunting will be more successful.
27. : Juvenile hens that move 2 to 3 times as far as adults, over 20 miles from winter home ranges.
28. mast : the type of food that comes from trees and makes up 50-70% of the turkeys diet in the fall and winter months
29. turkey : The species of turkey that is found primarily in the Ponderosa Pines and western mountain regions of the U.S.
32. habitat : Ideal turkey habitat in which it consist of herbaceous ground cover of 90%, average canopy height of 20 inches, and overhead or nearby tree cover of 10-50%.
33. Grande turkey : The species of turkey that is native to the central plain states and has tail and covert feathers that are tipped with tan or yellowish- buff.
34. hatching : the term refers to when all grouse eggs hatch within 24 hours of one another.
35. : When male ruffed grouse advertise their presence and define their territory, peaks in spring and fall.
36. turkey : The turkey species in which both male and females are bronze-green with no difference in breast feather colors, has no bread

Down

1. : The term that refers to the fleshy protrubances that hang over their bills and can be extended or contracted at will.
2. populations : The concept that as prey population goes down in Canada and Alaska when the predator population goes up in the great lakes.
3. ground : The term that refers to a clear-cut area where male woodcocks performs mating rituals.
4. surplus : The concept that most animals produce more young than necessary to maintain the population, therefore removing these individuals with hunting will not affect the population.
5. game : Game that requires the absence of farming, grazing, and forest management.
7. turkey : The species of turkey that is the largest of the subspecies with longer legs and larger feet.
8. game : Game that inhabits non-cultivated land, compatible with forestry and livestock operations, and has a cruising radius of 5 miles or more.
10. : The term that describes how chicks are fed by the mother hen for the first 3-4 day after hatching
11. turkey : The species of turkey that is most widely distributed, abundant, and hunted in the U.S.
14. : The term that refers to an animal that eats both plants and animals.
15. returns : the concept that hunting is self-regulated because as the season progresses, hunter numbers and success rates decrease.
16. game : Game that requires cultivated land, non-migratory, and has a short cruising radius of less than 1 mile.
18. : a physical trait that allows upland birds to be able to walk on snow as if they had snowshoes.
20. : Small tree seedlings that make great brood habitat in the winter months.
21. : Harvest information program
22. : the term that refers to land that provides breeding, nesting, brood-rearing, and fall habitat all within 40 acers.
25. sexually : the differences in appearance between males and females of the same species.
26. : The term that refers to removing all trees in an area of land.
30. Leopold : The father of wildlife management.
31. : The term that refers to a seedling/spling forrest.
37. surplus : The number of animals produced that exceed the carrying capacity of the habitat.

Across

3. Industry-An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
6. Place Theory- A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
8. Delivery- Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
10. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
11. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
13. Factors of Industry- These factors result from the unique characteristics of a location. These are labor, capital, and land.
15. Factors of Industry- These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
16. Service-
18. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.
21. Economic Activities- The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
22. - A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.
23. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.
24. Economic Activities-Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
25. Place- A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
26. Trade- An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
27. service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
29. Base- A community’s collection of basic businesses.
30. area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
31. Business- A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.

Down

1. Economic Activities- A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
2. Industry- Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.
4. Industry- An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.
5. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
7. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
9. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.
12. Trade-International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
14. Industry- Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution.
17. Area-The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
19. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
20. Service- A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
28. Revolution- The Industrial Revolution, now also known as the First Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.

Across

3. Industry-An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
6. Place Theory- A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
8. Delivery- Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
10. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
11. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
13. Factors of Industry- These factors result from the unique characteristics of a location. These are labor, capital, and land.
15. Factors of Industry- These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
16. Service-
18. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.
21. Economic Activities- The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
22. - A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.
23. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.
24. Economic Activities-Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
25. Place- A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
26. Trade- An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
27. service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
29. Base- A community’s collection of basic businesses.
30. area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
31. Business- A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.

Down

1. Economic Activities- A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
2. Industry- Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.
4. Industry- An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.
5. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
7. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
9. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.
12. Trade-International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
14. Industry- Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution.
17. Area-The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
19. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
20. Service- A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
28. Revolution- The Industrial Revolution, now also known as the First Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.

Across

6. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
7. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
9. A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
10. A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
11. These factors result from the unique characteristics of a location. These are labor, capital, and land.
15. A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
16. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
19. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution.
22. The Industrial Revolution, now also known as the First Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
24. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.
25. A service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
27. An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
28. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
29. A community’s collection of basic businesses.
30. An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.

Down

1. A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
2. A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.
3. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.
4. Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.Example: Fabricated Metal Factories; Beverage Bottling Factories
5. Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
8. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
12. The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
13. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
14. These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
17. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.
18. An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.Example: Copper Mining
20. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.
21. International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
23. Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
26. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.

Across

3. Industry-An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
6. Place Theory- A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
8. Delivery- Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
10. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
11. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
13. Factors of Industry- These factors result from the unique characteristics of a location. These are labor, capital, and land.
15. Factors of Industry- These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
16. Service-
18. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.
21. Economic Activities- The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
22. - A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.
23. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.
24. Economic Activities-Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
25. Place- A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
26. Trade- An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
27. service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
29. Base- A community’s collection of basic businesses.
30. area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
31. Business- A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.

Down

1. Economic Activities- A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
2. Industry- Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.
4. Industry- An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.
5. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
7. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
9. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.
12. Trade-International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
14. Industry- Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution.
17. Area-The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
19. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
20. Service- A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
28. Revolution- The Industrial Revolution, now also known as the First Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.

Across

2. the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840
3. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution.
5. These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
9. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
12. A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.
14. These factors result from the unique characteristics of a location. These are labor, capital, and land.
16. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
17. An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
19. An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
20. Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
22. Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
24. The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
25. A service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
27. Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.
28. An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.
29. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.
30. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.

Down

1. A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
4. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.
6. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
7. International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
8. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
10. A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
11. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
13. A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
15. A community’s collection of basic businesses.
18. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
21. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
23. A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
26. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.

Across

2. The Industrial Revolution, now also known as the First Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
3. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution.
5. These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
9. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
12. A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.
14. These factors result from the unique characteristics of a location. These are labor, capital, and land.
16. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
17. An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
19. An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
20. Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
22. Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
24. The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
25. A service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
27. Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.
28. An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.
29. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.
30. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.

Down

1. A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
4. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.
6. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
7. International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
8. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
10. A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
11. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
13. A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
15. A community’s collection of basic businesses.
18. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
21. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
23. A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
26. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.

Across

2. The Industrial Revolution, now also known as the First Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
3. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution.
5. These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
9. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
12. A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.
14. These factors result from the unique characteristics of a location. These are labor, capital, and land.
16. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
17. An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
19. An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
20. Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
22. Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
24. The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
25. A service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
27. Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.
28. An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.
29. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.
30. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.

Down

1. A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
4. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.
6. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
7. International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
8. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
10. A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
11. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
13. A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
15. A community’s collection of basic businesses.
18. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
21. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
23. A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
26. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.

Across

6. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
7. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
9. A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
10. A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
11. These factors result from the unique characteristics of a location. These are labor, capital, and land.Situation Factors of Industry
15. A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
16. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
19. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution.
22. The Industrial Revolution, now also known as the First Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
24. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.
25. A service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
27. An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
28. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
29. A community’s collection of basic businesses.
30. An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.

Down

1. A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
2. A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.
3. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.
4. Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.
5. Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
8. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
12. The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
13. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
14. These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
17. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.
18. An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.
20. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.
21. International trade left its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
23. Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
26. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.

Across

3. Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
4. Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.
8. A service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
11. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.
14. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.
18. These factors result from the unique characteristics of a location. These are labor, capital, and land.
20. Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
23. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
24. An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
25. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution.
26. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
27. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
28. These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
29. A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
30. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.

Down

1. A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
2. An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.
5. A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
6. An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
7. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
9. A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.
10. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
12. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
13. The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
15. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
16. A community’s collection of basic businesses.
17. A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
19. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.
21. International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
22. The Industrial Revolution, now also known as the First Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.

Across

3. Wood rack - think 3-string guitar
4. Connecticut wood source (feminine gender)
7. Mika’s lament
9. A basket of wood, but empty...You may be in-cline-d to ask Julie.... Remember, your cash prize is ‘on the line’ here! (2-words)
11. Forest floor detritus - through Eric’s eyes
12. What Eli does as the tree falls - less than 48 down. Hurry Eli!! Note - this is a 2-word answer
13. Watch out for this when splitting
16. Would you rather go sport fishing - or cut trees?
17. Scrooge of the logging world - think Dickens tale
20. Best wood for neighbor
21. Transport worry, but of less concern after father/son repair
23. Popular niche item at the stand
24. Rhyming S. A. danger -it lurks in the forest, or perhaps in the meadows, or possibly at the edge of the st.
25. Early woodcutting alternative
30. Best chain is this
31. Don’t tell anyone where you got it! Thanks Kelleys!
32. Don’t dare try to get any of these with no strings attached! Think literal
34. Firewood seller’s catch-all misnomer
35. We can’t be held responsible for these!
38. Jersey request - these sticks! Think PT Barnum
39. At beginning or end it means the same - think signage
40. Most beautiful male tree part - more than 53 down
42. All the rage! Trendy! Julie has some and so do we
43. Always nice to see one of these folks
45. Carl did it free
46. Possibly kindling - with a canine twist
47. Jack Daniels maker’s favorite - at least I think so...
49. At Jordan’s - Buy two, get_____free Think Mom/Gma ‘Better in.......’
50. Hey Mika - What kind of wood is this?
52. Jenny’s Iowan misunderstanding of old - species?
54. Best deal at the stand
56. I can’t believe they bought it! A wheelbarrow full of 31 across
60. Chain saw foe
61. ‘Average’ furnace
62. You’ll find none of that in our woods!
63. Why bother cutting wood at all when you have this
65. Solomon threatened it once (but didn’t follow through), we do regularly!
66. Tyler’s lumber type
67. Oh no! Not more dead/dying _____ (this well-liked species)

Down

1. Pinus_____; ——-Ergo? Napoleanic palindrome will at least give you a start - do some research! You WILL find some of that in our woods!
2. Not as soft as it’s name implies! You’ll probably kick yourself when you get this one!
3. Jordan wood never (well - hardly ever..) does this :-)
5. Punky and/or half rotten - of family lore status!
6. Wood heat early morning downside - think 2-word clue part rhyme
8. Firewood cutter’s friend of sorts - do I sense a somewhat devious double entendre in the offing? sp?
10. In a sense, this is like music to my ears, but probably just noise to others
14. Eli’s Truck/lumber numerical crossover term
15. Concern shared by batter and chain saw operator
18. Structural Components of an unintended highrise mouse apartment house
19. What Carl does when Jordans show up - snack anyone?
22. When we’re done, this appealing critter homesite awaits occupancy
26. Scribner or Doyle for example - research needed! Rich can no doubt help here!
27. When on, this possibility really ticks off us woodcutters! Right Julie? This is a 2-worder!
28. Loggers’ youthful helper
29. Map it! Joke on ‘new boy’ at forestry school :-)
33. Protective gear - think British
36. Lumber piles ______ when Tyler comes
37. They do most of the work for us
41. A la ‘Mike Wilkins’
44. Linda’s obsession
48. Difficult woodcutters’ digestive ailment - this is a 2-word clue and you better hurry up to figure it out!!
51. One of our falling shorts: ______ our lumber
52. See this cut? Eli did it!
53. There’s gotta be a market for this somewhere???
55. Woodcutter’s tool, or less than an embarrassing moment
57. Hey Dad - What kind of wood is that? ‘I don’t remember....‘
58. Sounds like a dangerous arachnid to me!
59. Ashwood wet or dry warms his slippers - think poetry EXACTLY as written.... Another 2-worder!
64. Eli is sometimes one in the woods, but he won’t end up in jail
66. One per tree - they’ll dot the woods long after we’re gone

Across

2. Aircraft. involved primarily in designing aircraft and propulsion systems and in studying the aerodynamic performance of aircraft and construction materials.
4. steam engine. Someone who's job is to design, test, and develop car parts or parts used in cars.
5. X Ray Machines. something we use to see bones the combined use of mechanical engineering principals and biological knowledge to better understand how these areas intersect and how they can be used together to potentially improve peoples' quality of life.
9. Designs animal habits. work outside and inside a lab. They work inside the lab when they are taking care of animals. They work outside when they are observing animals in the wildlife.
10. They make sure an object is meeting the criteria.works within the quality team to ensure the overall quality of a manufactured product and is tasked with creating documentation, devising quality tests and defining the criteria a test result should meet.
11. Missile. details are technical details pertaining to the components of a radar and their ability to detect the return energy from moving scatters — determining an object's position or obstruction in the environment.
13. Test the stress points of material. are responsible for leading scientific research enabling manufacture of innovative device architectures coupled with the realization of these architectures.
16. Bazooka for Military. technicians assist scientists and engineers by working to solve technical problems.
17. Software Products. an individual who is concerned with the mechanics of the development and processing of software products.
20. Designs X-ray machines to view bodies. is someone who deals with the provision of clean water, disposal of waste water and sewage, and the prevention of flood damage.
21. Wheels Junior. mechanical engineers test, build, and develop mechanical devices of all types, including machines, engines, and tools.
22. Active noise cancellation. the aggregate of methods and facilities for the generation of mechanical oscillations (vibrations) in the frequency range from about 10 megahertz to 10 kilohertz, as well as means for controlling the vibrations, measuring and monitoring them, and preventing harmful vibrations.
24. Packages. is an interdisciplinary field integrating science, engineering, technology and management to protect and identify products for distribution, storage, sale, and use. It encompasses the process of design, evaluation, and production of packages.
25. Multi degree pipe wrench. the branch of engineering dealing with the design and production of machinery.

Down

1. Knowledge.is a professional engaged in the science of building advanced logic into computer systems in order to try to simulate human decision-making and high-level cognitive tasks.
3. Support for where water goes. is someone who deals with the provision of clean water, disposal of waste water and sewage, and the prevention of flood damage.
6. Mechanical calculator. someone who researches, designs, develops, and tests computer equipment such as chips, circuit boards, or routers.
7. Virtual Reality.the branch of engineering that deals with the practical application of the theory of electricity to the construction of machinery, power supplies, etc.
8. Telescopes. is the branch of engineering concerned with the application of breaking down atomic nuclei (fission) or of combining atomic nuclei (fusion), or with the application of other sub-atomic processes based on the principles of nuclear physics.
12. Traffic safety. are transportation engineers who specialize in the design and maintenance of safe roads and highways.
14. Water Treatment Plant. is a civil engineer who works for a utility company, such as a water, gas, or electric company.
15. Solar panels. deals with the design and development of power plants, systems and products that operate on solar power.
18. media monitoring. the engineering specialization focused on the principle and operation of measuring instruments that are used in design and configuration of automated systems in areas such as electrical and pneumatic domains, and the control of quantities being measured.
19. Roads. investigate things that are part of or are made to be part of the earth, including roads, mines and quarries, dams, petroleum production, railways, building projects, pipelines, and forestry operations.
23. Atomic bomb. is the branch of engineering concerned with the application of breaking down atomic nuclei (fission) or of combining atomic nuclei (fusion), or with the application of other sub-atomic processes based on the principles of nuclear physics.

Across

1. the science or practice of forming including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide wool, food, and other products. Is the backbone and very important in chapter and industrialization of the world 5 (VIT)
4. planned economic and community development that attempts to curb urban sprawl and worsening environmental conditions 7 (CC)
9. philosophy of designing physical objects, the built environment, and services to comply with the principles of ecological sustainability 7 (CC)
10. cyclical migration practiced by semi nomadic herds typically to higher pastures in summer and lower valleys in winter 2 (IDK)
11. the population density measured as the number of farmers per unit of arable land 2 (CC)
13. a nation or territory considered as an organized community under one government. the whole world is composed of states 4 (VIT)
14. the method of human communication. language is very diverse and very important in being able to identify culture 3 (VIT)
16. a person's physical characteristics 3 (CC)
18. primarily engaged in growing crops, raising animals, and harvesting other animals from a farm, ranch, or their natural habitat 5 (CC)
20. a boundary based on ethnographic and cultural considerations such as language and religion 4 (IDK)
21. the theory that the environment sets certain constraints or limitations, but culture is otherwise determined by social conditions. 1 (IDK)
22. process by which real estate agents convince white property owner to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that persons of color will soon move into the neighborhood 7 (IDK)
24. the process of physically marking a boundary on a landscape 4 (IDK)
25. the movement of people from one place to another. Base of this chapter which includes more specific types of migration 2 (VIT)
27. compares the ability of men and women to participate in economic and political decision making 6 (IDK)
28. what a state's dollar can actually buy compared to another state's dollar, what a country is able to buy 6 (IDK)
32. an improved form of tertiary sector as it involves the services related to the knowledge sector 6 (CC)
33. a characteristic of human action that's acquired by people socially and transmitted via various modes of communication. 1 (IDK)
35. the fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a common national of cultural tradition 3 (IDK)

Down

2. the practice of clearing fields with various tools and technologies 5 (IDK)
3. the idea of a homeland for jewish people 3 (IDK)
5. the extraction of raw materials which includes agriculture, mining, forestry, farming, grazing, etc 5 (CC)
6. the action to incorporate the domain of a city, country, or state 4 (CC)
7. location of a place on earth relative to other places 1 (CC)
8. changes in manufacturing and transportation that began with fewer things being made by hand but instead by machines in larger scale factories. Important due to it being the start of more industrialized countries 6 (VIT)
12. The central portion of a city, characterized by high density land uses; the area of a city where retail and office activities are clustered. Marked by high land values, a concentration of business and concentration, and clustering of the tallest buildings. Important because this is what creates cities 7 (VIT)
15. the number of people per unit of arable land 2 (CC)
17. the action or process of regions or areas collecting in mass usually for certain advantages 7 (IDK)
19. the seeking out of regional culture in response to uncertainty of the modern world 3 (IDK)
23. the study of the physical features of the earth and its atmosphere and human activity as it affects and is affected. Whole course is based on this word. 1 (VIT)
26. providing necessary support to the primary activities or operation of an organization, institution, industry, or system 5 (IDK)
29. a policy of advocating the restoration to a country of any territory formerly belonging to it 4 (CC)
30. physical characteristics of a place 1 (CC)
31. population policies which favor the promotion of birth control among certain groups in the population 2 (IDK)
34. services included in the sector focus on interpretation of existing or the new ideas, evaluation of new technologies, and the creation of services 6 (CC)

Across

4. the action or process of regions or areas collecting in mass usually for certain advantages 7 (IDK)
8. the population density measured as the number of farmers per unit of arable land 2 (CC)
11. the science or practice of forming including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide wool, food, and other products. Is the backbone and very important in chapter and industrialization of the world 5 (VIT)
13. population policies which favor the promotion of birth control among certain groups in the population 2 (IDK)
14. a person's physical characteristics 3 (CC)
15. location of a place on earth relative to other places 1 (CC)
18. a policy of advocating the restoration to a country of any territory formerly belonging to it 4 (CC)
20. changes in manufacturing and transportation that began with fewer things being made by hand but instead by machines in larger scale factories. Important due to it being the start of more industrialized countries 6 (VIT)
22. an improved form of tertiary sector as it involves the services related to the knowledge sector 6 (CC)
23. the number of people per unit of arable land 2 (CC)
24. compares the ability of men and women to participate in economic and political decision making 6 (IDK)
25. a characteristic of human action that's acquired by people socially and transmitted via various modes of communication. 1 (IDK)
26. planned economic and community development that attempts to curb urban sprawl and worsening environmental conditions 7 (CC)
29. the practice of clearing fields with various tools and technologies 5 (IDK)
30. physical characteristics of a place 1 (CC)
32. the process of physically marking a boundary on a landscape 4 (IDK)
34. the study of the physical features of the earth and its atmosphere and human activity as it affects and is affected. Whole course is based on this word. 1 (VIT)
35. providing necessary support to the primary activities or operation of an organization, institution, industry, or system 5 (IDK)

Down

1. the method of human communication. language is very diverse and very important in being able to identify culture 3 (VIT)
2. the idea of a homeland for Jewish people 3 (IDK)
3. primarily engaged in growing crops, raising animals, and harvesting other animals from a farm, ranch, or their natural habitat 5 (CC)
5. the fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a common national of cultural tradition 3 (IDK)
6. what a state's dollar can actually buy compared to another state's dollar, what a country is able to buy 6 (IDK)
7. The central portion of a city, characterized by high density land uses; the area of a city where retail and office activities are clustered. Marked by high land values, a concentration of business and concentration, and clustering of the tallest buildings. Important because this is what creates cities 7 (VIT)
9. cyclical migration practiced by semi nomadic herds typically to higher pastures in summer and lower valleys in winter 2 (IDK)
10. the theory that the environment sets certain constraints or limitations, but culture is otherwise determined by social conditions. 1 (IDK)
12. a boundary based on ethnographic and cultural considerations such as language and religion 4 (IDK)
16. the extraction of raw materials which includes agriculture, mining, forestry, farming, grazing, etc 5 (CC)
17. process by which real estate agents convince white property owner to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that persons of color will soon move into the neighborhood 7 (IDK)
19. the movement of people from one place to another. Base of this chapter which includes more specific types of migration 2 (VIT)
21. philosophy of designing physical objects, the built environment, and services to comply with the principles of ecological sustainability 7 (CC)
27. the seeking out of regional culture in response to uncertainty of the modern world 3 (IDK)
28. a nation or territory considered as an organized community under one government. the whole world is composed of states 4 (VIT)
31. the action to incorporate the domain of a city, country, or state 4 (CC)
33. services included in the sector focus on interpretation of existing or the new ideas, evaluation of new technologies, and the creation of services 6 (CC)

Across

2. The Industrial Revolution, now also known as the First Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
3. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution.
5. These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
9. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
12. A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.
14. These factors result from the unique characteristics of a location. These are labor, capital, and land.
16. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
17. An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
19. An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
20. Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
22. Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
24. The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
25. A service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
27. Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.
28. An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.
29. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.
30. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.

Down

1. A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
4. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.
6. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
7. International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
8. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
10. A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
11. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
13. A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
15. A community’s collection of basic businesses.
18. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
21. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
23. A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
26. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.

Across

2. The Industrial Revolution, now also known as the First Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
3. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution.
5. These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
9. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
12. A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.
14. These factors result from the unique characteristics of a location. These are labor, capital, and land.
16. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
17. An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
19. An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
20. Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
22. Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
24. The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
25. A service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
27. Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.
28. An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.
29. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.
30. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.

Down

1. A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
4. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.
6. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
7. International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
8. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
10. A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
11. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
13. A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
15. A community’s collection of basic businesses.
18. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
21. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
23. A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
26. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.

Across

2. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.
5. A service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
7. These factors result from the unique characteristics of a location. These are labor, capital, and land.
11. A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
13. A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
14. These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
15. Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.
18. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
19. trade An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
20. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
21. area The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
22. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
23. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
25. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
26. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution.
28. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing
29. A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
30. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.

Down

1. the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
3. A community’s collection of basic businesses.
4. International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
6. Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
8. A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
9. A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.
10. Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
12. An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.
16. An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
17. The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
24. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.
27. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.

Across

2. The Industrial Revolution, now also known as the First Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
3. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution.
5. These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
9. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
12. A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.
14. These factors result from the unique characteristics of a location. These are labor, capital, and land.
16. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
17. An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
19. An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
20. Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
22. Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
24. The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
25. A service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
27. Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.
28. An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.
29. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.
30. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.

Down

1. A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
4. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.
6. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
7. International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
8. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
10. A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
11. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
13. A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
15. A community’s collection of basic businesses.
18. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
21. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
23. A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
26. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.

Across

3. Organization created to prevent African Americans from excising their new rights through intimidation, violence, and terrosim
5. One of the nations top 10 in this sector, but difficult to attract and retain key talent in the state.
7. Rent almost everything from landowners(land, tools, shelter) and buy farming tools on credit; worked the land and gave majority of crops/profit to landowner; always in debt to landowners so usually could not leave the land
9. legislators removal What happened in congress to certain legislators due to being “non-citizens” that led to GA not reentering the Union and GA getting a worse reputation.
11. Scott Case Court case that decided slaves were not citizens, but property, and the Missouri compromise was unconstitutional since Congress could not decide whether states were free or not.(Case also increased tension in North and South)
12. Bureau Group established by the gov’t to help poor whites and former slaves after war adjust to new society
14. Ridge Which GA region has the most rainfall and is known for tourism for its scenic views?
15. Farmers Rent land and shelter and buy food on credit; give some of their crops to landowners and sometimes make a small profit, allowing them to pay off debt and leave land.
17. This industry does not require ownership, is not tangible, and does not require storage, as well as the largest sector in GA's economy.
20. Proclamation Policy that was introduced by Lincoln to weaken confederacy by declaring all enslaved people living in states actively rebelling against the Union would gain freedom
22. Qualifications Must be 25y/o, resident in GA for 2 years, resident in a district for 1 year, US citizen, and receive a two year term and unlimited consecutive terms
23. Confederate Prison that was overcrowded and prisoners were subjected to horrible conditions;after war the horrors were made public and the warden was charged for their crimes
25. Requirements Must be 18y/o by election day, legal resident of GA and county they are voting in, and cannot be a convicted felon or mentally incompetent.

Down

1. Laws What is the main role of the Georgia General Assembly which is made up of the House of Representatives and Senate, that works in a committee system?
2. and Balances Three branches of can place limits on the others, limiting the branches.
4. What is Georgia's leading industry due to modern practices and mild climate that produces $72.5 billion of GA's economy?
6. of Rep. Qualifications Must be 21y/o, resident in Ga for 2 years, resident in district for 1 year, US citizens, and receive a two year term and unlimited consecutive terms
7. What practice originally banned during the Trustee Period, but once legalized became something the South was dependent upon and grew due to the creation of the cotton gin?
8. Which industry creates over 600,00 jobs for local people, is important to tourism, and generates over $60 billion of GA's economy?
10. of 1860 4 candidates run in this election, winner causes Southern states to consider secession
13. of Powers Different branches of gov’t have different roles making sure the gov’t does not become too powerful.
16. of 1850 North got CA as a free state in Union, slave trading coming to an end in D.C., and Tennex no longer annexing NM; South got Fugitive Slave Law, D.C. residents keeping slaves, and Utah and NM would decide on their own to be free or not.
18. Rights Amendments First one out of the three abolished slavery; Second one out of the three gave all African American citizenship; Third one out of the three gave African American men the right to vote.
19. Plain What is the largest region in GA that is the major agricultural center of the state, has a major forestry industry, and more?
21. This industry has become more efficient due to automation and employs about 6.4 million people in GA.
24. Right Another major issue leading up to the civil war that was mainly about the amount of power a state had compared to the federal gov’t in making decisions.

Across

2. The Industrial Revolution, now also known as the First Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
3. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution.
5. These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
9. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
12. A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.
14. These factors result from the unique characteristics of a location. These are labor, capital, and land.
16. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
17. An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
19. An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
20. Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
22. Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
24. The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
25. A service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
27. Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.
28. An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.
29. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.
30. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.

Down

1. A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
4. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.
6. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
7. International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
8. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
10. A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
11. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
13. A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
15. A community’s collection of basic businesses.
18. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
21. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
23. A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
26. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.

Across

4. / the geological and chemical study of rocks
5. Physics / the branch of physics concerned with the nucleus of the atom
6. / the application of theories and methods of the physical sciences to questions of biology
7. / the science concerned with maintaining health and restoring it by treating disease
10. / gather information and resources
11. / summing-up experiment
14. / the study of animals
17. / the study of celestial objects in the universe
18. / the study of the material remains of cultures
21. / study of the atmosphere that focuses on weather processes and forecasting
22. / second (s)
23. / the study of the physics of the universe
25. / the study of microorganisms, including viruses, prokaryotes and simple eukaryotes
28. / this object is used to go on the Internet and do work portably. This object has a huge impact on society because it helps people be able to do work anywhere and anytime
29. Science / the science of the interactions between the physical, chemical, and biological components of the environment
31. Chemistry / the branch of chemistry dedicated to the study of the structures, synthesis, and reactions of carbon-containing compounds
32. / kilogram (kg)
34. Biology / the study of biology at a molecular level
35. / the study of the behavior and properties of matter
37. / the study of life-forms existing in former geological time periods
40. / science and technology of electronic phenomena
42. / the study of bacteria in relation to disease
45. / the study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organisms
46. Cooper / inventor of the mobile phone in 1973
47. Current / ampere (A)
49. / the practical application of science to commerce or industry
51. / facts and statistics collected for an analysis
55. / testing your hypothesis
58. / this object is used to write things down on paper that can be erased. This object has a huge impact on society because if we didn’t have pencils, we would have less long-lasting objects to write things down with
59. Gessner / inventor of the pencil in 1564
60. phone / this object is used to communicate with others portably. This object has a huge impact on society because if we didn’t have mobile phones, we wouldn’t be able to communicate with others all the time
61. Intensity / candela (cd)
63. / the scientific study of plant life

Down

1. Moggridge / creator of the laptop in 1980
2. / the branch of medicine dealing with the nervous system and its disorders
3. / the branch of medicine dealing with the applications of radiant energy, including x-rays and radioisotopes
6. / the study of the organic chemistry of compounds and processes occurring in organisms
8. / the study of insects
9. / stating a problem
12. Engineering / the application of science, mathematics, and economics to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms
13. / the study of birds
15. / the study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals
16. chart / Displays contribution of each value to a total
17. / the study of the motion of gas on objects and the forces created
18. / the study of human cultures both past and present
19. / the study of climates and investigations of its phenomena and causes
20. / the study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment
24. / the study of earthquakes and the movement of waves through the Earth
25. / a science dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement
26. / the physics of energy, heat, work, entropy and the spontaneity of processes
27. / the science of matter and its interactions with energy and itself
30. / the science of classification of animals and plants
33. / find the outcome
36. / the science of studying and managing forests and plantations, and related natural resources
38. / meter (m)
39. / educated guess
41. Science / the systematic study of computing systems and computation
43. / Kelvin (K)
44. / study of the earth's oceans and their interlinked ecosystems and chemical and physical processes
48. / the study of the structure and organization of living things
50. / the science of genes, heredity, and the variation of organisms
52. of substance / mole (mol)
53. / the science of the Earth, its structure, and history
54. / the science that studies living organisms
56. / tell others about discovery
57. Biology / the study of animal and plant life within saltwater ecosystems
62. chart / compare values across categories

Across

2. turkey : The species of turkey that is the largest of the subspecies with longer legs and larger feet.
4. : The term that refers to a seedling/spling forrest.
6. game : Game that requires cultivated land, non-migratory, and has a short cruising radius of less than 1 mile.
8. : Juvenile hens that move 2 to 3 times as far as adults, over 20 miles from winter home ranges.
10. mast : the type of food that comes from trees and makes up 50-70% of the turkeys diet in the fall and winter months
11. game : Game that requires the absence of farming, grazing, and forest management.
14. game : Game that makes annual long or short distance movement between breeding and non-breeding ranges.
16. mortality : The premise that each animal killed by hunters is and additional death that adds to the overall mortality rate.
17. forest : This term refers to is the observed process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time.
19. : the concept that an inverse relationship exist between productivity and abundance. Therefore a population reduced by hunting will be more successful.
20. Leopold : The father of wildlife management.
21. : Provides cover and from predators and brood habitat in the winter months.
22. : Harvest information program
24. game : Game that inhabits non-cultivated land, compatible with forestry and livestock operations, and has a cruising radius of 5 miles or more.
26. : The term that refers to an animal that eats both plants and animals.
27. turkey : The species of turkey that is found primarily in the Ponderosa Pines and western mountain regions of the U.S.
28. : Know as the “blackhead disease,” and is caused by protozoan parasites.
31. mortality : The concept that mortality resulting from hunting will be compensated for by a reduction in mortality from other factors such as predation or weather.
33. sexually : the differences in appearance between males and females of the same species.
34. pox : A disease in turkeys that is transmitted primarily by blood-feeding arthropods
35. turkey: The species of turkey that is found only in the peninsula of Florida and has tail feathers and coverts that are tipped with a chestnut brown color.
36. : The term that refers to removing all trees in an area of land.
37. : The term that refers to the fleshy protrubances that hang over their bills and can be extended or contracted at will.

Down

1. : When male ruffed grouse advertise their presence and define their territory, peaks in spring and fall.
3. turkey : The turkey species in which both male and females are bronze-green with no difference in breast feather colors, has no bread
5. surplus : The number of animals produced that exceed the carrying capacity of the habitat.
7. : Small tree seedlings that make great brood habitat in the winter months.
9. returns : the concept that hunting is self-regulated because as the season progresses, hunter numbers and success rates decrease.
10. surplus : The concept that most animals produce more young than necessary to maintain the population, therefore removing these individuals with hunting will not affect the population.
12. turkey : The species of turkey that is most widely distributed, abundant, and hunted in the U.S.
13. : The term that refers to a life of little to no physical activity, spending a lot of time seated.
15. : a physical trait that allows upland birds to be able to walk on snow as if they had snowshoes.
17. ground : The term that refers to a clear-cut area where male woodcocks performs mating rituals.
18. : the term that refers to land that provides breeding, nesting, brood-rearing, and fall habitat all within 40 acers.
23. : The term that refers to sitting on or brooding the eggs of birds to hatch them.
25. Grande turkey : The species of turkey that is native to the central plain states and has tail and covert feathers that are tipped with tan or yellowish- buff.
29. hatching : the term refers to when all grouse eggs hatch within 24 hours of one another.
30. populations : The concept that as prey population goes down in Canada and Alaska when the predator population goes up in the great lakes.
32. : The term that describes how chicks are fed by the mother hen for the first 3-4 day after hatching

Across

1. An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
5. A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
7. A community’s collection of basic businesses.
8. An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
10. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution
12. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.
13. A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
15. These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
19. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
20. A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.
23. Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
25. A service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
26. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
27. International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
28. These factors result from the unique characteristics of a location. These are labor, capital, and land.
29. A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.

Down

2. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
3. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.
4. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
6. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
9. An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.
11. A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
12. The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
14. Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
16. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.
17. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
18. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.
21. Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.
22. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
24. The Industrial Revolution, now also known as the First Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.

Across

2. A small country that holds an important location. It is at the crossroads of Africa and sits beside a gulf, where land and sea scatter. Though small in size, it has a strategic importance and it connects two seas. It is situated in the Horn of Africa, where land meets the sea.
3. Which term describes governance influenced by emotions rather than rational policy-making?
5. It is a blend of agriculture and forestry to create a sustainable land-use practice. By integrating trees with crops or livestock, it helps conserve soil, enhance biodiversity, and improve overall land health. What is it ?
7. This technology works in superpositions in many states, not just one or two. This technology processes in ways classical computer’s can’t. It is considered the future of computing. Can you name this technology ?
8. Coin which is not minted. A coin which is not issued by the central banks or by the government. A coin which cannot be touched. A coin which can be obtained by solving mathematical problems
10. I revolutionized physics with my theory of relativity and changed the way we understand space and time. I’m known for the equation E=mc². Who am I?
12. I occur regularly in democracies and allow people to choose their leaders or decide on policies. Citizens cast votes to have their voices heard, and the results can shape the future of a nation. What am I?
13. It is a large, slow-moving mass of ice, formed over centuries from compacted snow. It shapes landscapes, carves valleys, and can be found in polar regions or high mountains. What is it ?
14. It is too small to be seen with the naked eye and can spread quickly from person to person. Though it is not considered alive, it can take over your cells and make them create more of it. It can make you sick, but it cannot survive on its own. What is it ?
15. There is a site in Indus Valley Civilization that has a complex water management system. The city had large reservoirs, step wells, and channels designed to capture and store rainwater. Archaeologists discovered that these water systems were arranged in a specific order, with each structure serving a unique purpose. Which city is that ?

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1. In a country, elections are held every few years, and the boundaries that define where people vote must sometimes change. The number of seats in the nationallegislature is fixed, but over time, the population distribution changes across different regions. This change makes it necessary to redraw the lines that define each voting area to ensure that each constituency has roughly the same number of people. This process is called as
2. What is this economic phenomenon called when the value of the Indian rupee falls relative to other currencies?
4. It is a large, slow-moving mass of ice, formed over countries from compacted snow. It shapes landscapes, carves valleys, and can be found in polar regions or high mountains. What is it ?
6. An economy where old products are taken and turned into new products. It is an economy where there is recycling and no wastage is done
9. He was born in the 13th century, in a land where the Persian language flourished, and he became known for his mastery of poetry and music. He served as a royal courtier, advisor, and scholar to several rulers of the Delhi Sultanate. He is often called the "father of Urdu literature" and is credited with blending Persian, Arabic, and local Indian languages to create a new form of poetry. He is also known for his contribution to classical music and for being a close companion of the famous ruler, Sultan Alauddin Khilji.
11. I am a tax on imports or exports, often used to protect local industries or generate government revenue. What am I?

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2. is a form of pastoralism in which livestock are herded in order to seek for fresh pastures on which to graze. True nomads follow an irregular pattern of movement, in contrast with transhumance, where seasonal pastures are fixed.
4. is the practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same land. Maize, soybeans, and wheat are three common crops often monocropped. Monocropping is also referred to as continuous cropping, as in "continuous corn.
5. is the large-scale, intensive production of crops and animals, often involving chemical fertilizers on crops or the routine, harmful use of antibiotics in animals (as a way to compensate for filthy conditions, even when the animals are not sick).
8. is the measure of the availability of food and individuals' ability to access it. According to the United Nations' Committee on World Food Security, food security is defined as meaning.
10. is an agricultural system that uses fertilizers of organic origin such as compost manure, green manure, and bone meal and places emphasis on techniques such as crop rotation and companion planting. It originated early in the 20th century in reaction to rapidly changing farming practices.
11. Contour bunding or contour farming or Contour ploughing is the farming practice of plowing and/or planting across a slope following its elevation contour lines.
13. also known as integrated pest control is a broad-based approach that integrates practices for economic control of pests. IPM aims to suppress pest populations below the economic injury level.
14. is an agricultural technique for growing crops or pasture without disturbing the soil through tillage. No-till farming decreases the amount of soil erosion tillage causes in certain soils, especially in sandy and dry soils on sloping terrain.
15. are measures that keep prices for customers below market levels, or for suppliers above market levels, or reduce costs for customers and suppliers.
17. is farming in sustainable ways meeting society's present food and textile needs, without compromising the ability for current or future generations to meet their needs. It can be based on an understanding of ecosystem services.
19. is defined as the disruption of food intake or eating patterns because of lack of money and other resources. In 2014, 17.4 million U.S. households were food insecure at some time during the year. Food insecurity does not necessarily cause hunger, but hungeriii is a possible outcome of food insecurity.
20. is the gradual accumulation of substances, such as pesticides or other chemicals, in an organism. Bioaccumulation occurs when an organism absorbs a substance at a rate faster than that at which the substance is lost or eliminated by catabolism and excretion.

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1. is an agricultural system that uses fertilizers of organic origin such as compost manure, green manure, and bone meal and places emphasis on techniques such as crop rotation and companion planting. It originated early in the 20th century in reaction to rapidly changing farming practices.
3. the practice of growing different crops in succession on the same land chiefly to preserve the productive capacity of the soil.
6. is the natural flooding and over-irrigation that brings water at underground levels to the surface. As a consequence, displacement of the air occurs in the soil with corresponding changes in soil processes and an accumulation of toxic substances that impede plant growth.
7. is a multiple cropping practice that involves growing two or more crops in proximity. In other words, intercropping is the cultivation of two or more crops simultaneously on the same field.
9. or the Third Agricultural Revolution, is the set of research technology transfer initiatives occurring between 1950 and the late 1960s, that increased agricultural production in parts of the world, beginning most markedly in the late 1960s.
12. existing for a long or longer than usual time or continuously: such as. a : retained beyond the usual period a persistent leaf. b : continuing without change in function or structure persistent gills. c : effective in the open for an appreciable time usually through slow volatilizing mustard gas is persistent.
16. are a type of pesticide that target a specific pest species. These pesticides have a minimal impact on organisms that are not targeted by the pesticide. Selective pesticides can be applied directly to plants or to the surface of the soil.
18. bridges the gap that often separates agriculture and forestry by building integrated systems that address both environmental and socio-economic objectives. Agroforestry can improve the resiliency of agricultural systems and mitigate the impacts of climate change.

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1. ceramic, compost, decomposition, deforestation, depth, forestry, garbage, glass, landfill, livestock, measure, microorganism, mining, plastic, pollution, resource, sand, waste, fabric, fabrication, nail, napkin, pulp, toy, deposit, leather, amount, composition, dump, leftovers, origin, can, peel, worm, misuse, recycling, bean, lentil, tool, utensil.

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3. the role of the AQIS accredited vet is to ensure animals are fit for __________, and fulfil protocol req. of importing country, as well as ASEL requirements.
4. in the middle east, meat demand is strongly linked to ___________ practice and festivals such as the Eid festival to mark the end of Ramadan, and Eid al-Adha to mark the end of Hajj. (animals selected, slaughtered and shared).
5. Live Export Program activities include: Animal welfare ____________ for animal handlers, increasing supply chain efficiency and performance (through ESCAS and other), market access (liaison with governments etc), and research and development (eg developing ____________ materials (DVDs, pamplets, etc for handlers).
8. in the last few years, the main live export market for australian SHEEP lies in the _____ ______ (2 words) with Qatar, Bahrain, Turkey, Kuwait and Jordan all major importers.
11. what does ESCAS stand for? (5 words)
18. the top causes of mortality and morbidity on board are: 1. __________ (salmonella), 2. inanition (not eating) 3. heat stress, 4. Pneumonia, 5. pink eye, 6. trauma.
20. the new regulations following incidents in 2011 mean that the exporter must have an appropriate and acceptable exporter supply chain assurance system (ESCAS) before the _____ (govt dept) will allow them to export.
21. _____ feed troughs, ______ water troughs, and _____ feeds daily per pen of animals, at 2.5% bodyweight. energy 10MJ/kg, protein 12%.
23. live export contributes $1.8 ________ dollars to the australian economy.
24. there are 6 supply chain elements that are reviewed (with 88 checkpoints): handling, transport, feedlot, lairage/abbatoir, slaughter with __________, slaughter without _________.
25. ships can carry up to 100 thousand sheep or ________ thousand cattle (or combo of both).
26. challenge exporters face is convincing the stakeholders that the trade is subject to _______ opinion in australia and proving that improved animal welfare also improves the product.
27. the number of _______ exported live peaked in 2002 at just under 1 million head. (now around 600, 000).
28. live export of CATTLE to ___________ has decreased from 55% - 43% in the last year. (though they are still by far the greatest import).
31. new regulations imposed following incidents shown in May 2011 include: performance measurement and checklist to ____ standards, livestock traceability, independent 3rd party audits, and reportability and accountability (line of sight).
33. despite the number of cattle and sheep being exported live declining in recent years, _____ per head has never been higher than in the last couple of years.
34. __________ decked ships are being phased out in favour of single decked ships.

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1. major challenges the live export market faces : impact of animal rights groups, factors beyond influence (political adgendas of other countries), the cost of __________ on the exporter, and maintaining compliance with _______ every day of the year, at times cheaper alternative supply from US/Somalia/Sudan/Europe.
2. because stock in developing countries is often ___________, the local people can perceive australian stock as wild.
6. potential new live export markets include _____, Iraq, and Algeria.
7. australian livestock is generally regarded as being _____, green, fit and healthy by importers - continued demand.
9. the live export market is an important outlet for australian producers, particularly in __________ _________ (2 words) and NT.
10. a 'short' haul voyage (to SE asia) of approx less than 7 days, does NOT require the presence of a ______________, but does require stockmen.
12. the live export industry aims to provide other countries with __________ and safe red meat.
13. on ships, feed and water supply is __________
14. _____ is the Australian Standard for Export of Livestock. animals checked by AQIS vet beforehand to make sure fit to travel.
15. who pays the AQIS veterinarians salary? the __________
16. _______ have the most variable delivery rate over the last decade or so. at the moment have 100% for _____, almost 100% for cattle, and just over 99% for sheep. if cattle fall below 99%, and sheep below 98%, there is an investigation.
17. bedding for cattle on ships
19. the live export industry employs ____________ thousand people.
22. the number of ______ exported live has been declining since 2001, from approx 6.8 millon - 2.2 million (2012)
29. on LONG haul voyages, vet and stockmen report _______ to DAFF. complete a voyage report at end. (mortality, temperature, hospital status, feed/water, health/welfare).
30. meat and livestock australia conducts research and marketing services. MLA does not regulate, police or _________ ESCAS. this is the job of the dept of agriculture, fisheries and forestry (DAFF).
32. the process: initial _____ by ______or (completes OIE checklist) --> approval and review of reports by DAFF --> performance ______ within the supply chain --> exporter provides DAFF with report --> DAFF makes report publicly avalable on website.
35. a '____' haul voyage is over 12 days, (to the middle east, china, mexico). requires stockmen and veterinarian.

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3. The species of turkey that is the largest of the subspecies with longer legs and larger feet.
6. The number of animals produced that exceed the carrying capacity of the habitat.
9. Game that requires the absence of farming, grazing, and forest management.
10. When male ruffed grouse advertise their presence and define their territory, peaks in spring and fall.
13. The term that refers to a clear-cut area where male woodcocks performs mating rituals.
15. The concept that most animals produce more young than necessary to maintain the population, therefore removing these individuals with hunting will not affect the population.
16. Ideal turkey habitat in which it consist of herbaceous ground cover of 90%, average canopy height of 20 inches, and overhead or nearby tree cover of 10-50%.
18. the concept that an inverse relationship exist between productivity and abundance. Therefore a population reduced by hunting will be more successful.
21. The term refers to when all grouse eggs hatch within 24 hours of one another.
22. The species of turkey that is native to the central plain states and has tail and covert feathers that are tipped with tan or yellowish- buff.
23. This term refers to is the observed process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time.
27. The differences in appearance between males and females of the same species.
28. The father of wildlife management.
31. Provides cover and from predators and brood habitat in the winter months.
32. The concept that as prey population goes down in Canada and Alaska when the predator population goes up in the great lakes.
35. The term that refers to a seedling/spling forrest.
38. The term that refers to an animal that eats both plants and animals.
39. Game that inhabits non-cultivated land, compatible with forestry and livestock operations, and has a cruising radius of 5 miles or more.

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1. Game that makes annual long or short distance movement between breeding and non-breeding ranges.
2. Juvenile hens that move 2 to 3 times as far as adults, over 20 miles from winter home ranges.
4. The term that refers to the fleshy protrubances that hang over their bills and can be extended or contracted at will.
5. The concept that mortality resulting from hunting will be compensated for by a reduction in mortality from other factors such as predation or weather.
7. the concept that hunting is self-regulated because as the season progresses, hunter numbers and success rates decrease.
8. The species of turkey that is found only in the peninsula of Florida and has tail feathers and coverts that are tipped with a chestnut brown color.
11. The species of turkey that is found primarily in the Ponderosa Pines and western mountain regions of the U.S.
12. The term that refers to sitting on or brooding the eggs of birds to hatch them.
14. A disease in turkeys that is transmitted primarily by blood-feeding arthropods
15. Harvest information program
17. Small tree seedlings that make great brood habitat in the winter months.
19. Game that requires cultivated land, non-migratory, and has a short cruising radius of less than 1 mile.
20. The term that refers to a life of little to no physical activity, spending a lot of time seated.
24. The species of turkey that is most widely distributed, abundant, and hunted in the U.S.
25. The premise that each animal killed by hunters is and additional death that adds to the overall mortality rate.
26. The term that refers to removing all trees in an area of land.
29. Know as the “blackhead disease,” and is caused by protozoan parasites.
30. The type of food that comes from trees and makes up 50-70% of the turkeys diet in the fall and winter months
33. The term that describes how chicks are fed by the mother hen for the first 3-4 day after hatching
34. The term that refers to land that provides breeding, nesting, brood-rearing, and fall habitat all within 40 acers.
36. The turkey species in which both male and females are bronze-green with no difference in breast feather colors, has no bread
37. A physical trait that allows upland birds to be able to walk on snow as if they had snowshoes.

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4. Performance-goal oriented people emphasize _______ their peers rather than mastery.
5. A characteristic of extraversion (hint: an adjective, starts with “a”).
7. Type A people are more likely than Type B people to report poor _________ well-being.
8. This type of people like such jobs as lab assistants and chemists.
10. Giving less time to do a personality test is one way to increase the test’s __________.
15. This type of job can promote emotional engagement that facilitates OCB.
16. The last stage of the ASA process.
18. This type of interview involves the use of multiple interviewers.
20. Person-organization fit affects one’s performance mainly through shaping one’s _____________.
21. Interviewers might look at this attribute to infer the interviewee’s self-discipline.
24. The attrition stage of ASA suggests that people either voluntarily or involuntarily _____ an organization when person-organization fit is absent.
26. ____________ citizenship norms refer to the fact that what was once extra-role now becomes people’s in-role expectation.
29. Self-____________ closely observe the norm of a situation and adapt their behaviors accordingly.
33. One characteristic of neuroticism (hint: an adjective, starts with “w”).
34. When proactive people see an _____________, they take it and make something happen with it.
36. An evaluative criterion commonly used in interviews. It is a relatively stable characteristic.
39. Looking for ____________ is one way to discern whether an employee is a good actor or citizen.
40. We _____________ an organization when we think of its culture as its personality.
44. Moral licensing occurs when people use the ____ they have earned from good deeds to do bad deeds.
45. Research has shown that ________ which had more employees performing OCB earned higher revenue.
46. Ingratiation and opinion conformity are examples of ________ management tactics.
49. _________ do not believe that they can control their destiny.
51. A history of doing this suggests that a candidate is likely to perform OCB upon being hired.
52. Research has shown that happy workers are not necessarily ___________ workers.
54. High-conscientiousness people are ___________-oriented.
55. One reason why taller people enjoy greater career success is that they more easily emerge as _________.

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1. __________ is a value emphasized by all firms in the construction industry.
2. A type of fit that focuses on differences rather than congruence (hint: an adjective).
3. Intelligence matters less in jobs without problem-solving ___________.
6. _____________ is to collect evidence from multiple sources to reach a conclusion about a job candidate.
9. Promoting vicarious learning of OCB is an ________ way of encouraging OCB in the workplace.
11. Confirmatory bias means that a person seeks out information to support his/her predictions and ________ information which suggests the otherwise.
12. Goals should be specific, difficult, and ________.
13. One characteristic of agreeableness (hint: an adjective, starts with “t”).
14. Person-job fit is about skills whereas person-occupation fit is about ___________.
17. Psychological contracts can promote OCB because employees have a tendency to honor their ___________.
19. The effects of conscientiousness on job performance are stronger when job _________ is higher.
22. The psychological benefit people find after they have engaged in OCB.
23. A characteristic of openness to experience (hint: an adjective, starts with “c”).
25. Race and gender represent ________-level differences.
27. The major reason why positive leadership and supportive organization can draw employee OCB.
28. When people do not fit with others in their surface-level characteristics, they may be socially _______.
30. This personality trait determines socialization success.
31. When interviewers/recruiters already form a favorable pre-interview impression of a candidate, they might ask more ________-framed questions during the interview, resulting in a favorable post-interview score.
32. Making suggestions belongs to a type of OCB that is called ______ virtues.
35. A firm’s social capital is its competitive advantage because competitor firms cannot easily _______ it.
37. OCB culture emphasizes this value.
38. Asking questions in the same ______ is one way to structure an interview.
41. A type of nonverbal behavior.
42. In a classical experiment, researchers found that forestry workers cut fewer trees than the other group when they were asked to “try their _____”.
43. One of the most salient explanations of why smarter people have higher job performance is that they have greater job ______________.
47. People need __________ to help, making cross-functional training important.
48. A _______ culture exists when the behavioral norm is loud and clear.
50. An interview heavily affected by surface-level characteristics of applicants (e.g., gender) is likely to have ______ interview validity.
53. There is a high level of person-organization fit if an employee’s values match with the organization’s ___________.

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4. Through _________ digestion methods, treatment facilities can convert food waste into biofuel, a source of renewable energy for a more sustainable environment.
5. As the main culprit of environmental pollution, recent national movements such as ______ zero and individual movements ______ reduction are underway.
7. CSA has a Test Force(TF) that cares about the environment and works to reduce environmental pollution. We publish quarterly news, hold environmental events, and encourage CSA's social and environmental movement. What is the name of this team?
11. Which disease is currently the most threatening virus, affecting daily life around the world, and causing pandemic in its contagiousness and mortality?
15. S energy is renewable energy converted from the sun into thermal or electrical energy.
16. Nonfunctional spacecraft and abandoned launch space vehicle stage turn out to be space d eventually.
17. the outside of the cup is made of paper, inside is a thin layer of plastic. The PP (Polypropylene) film protects the liquid from seeping into the paper (and thereby burning you) and keeps your warm drink from cooling too quickly.
18. Every year on June 5, World ___________ Day(WED), the United Nations (UN) established this day to raise awareness of environmental issues. Topics range from ocean pollution to global warming, sustainable consumption or wildlife crime.
19. It is a movement that picks up trash while jogging. It started in Sweden and spread mainly in Northern Europe. It is a compound word of the Swedish word ‘plocka upp’, which means 'to glean', and the English word ‘jogging’.
20. Globally, the primary sources of greenhouse gas emissions are electricity and heat (31%), _______ (11%), transportation (15%), forestry (6%) and manufacturing (12%). Energy production of all types accounts for 72 percent of all emissions.
21. Of the earth’s natural resources, we tend to think of six as the most important – water, air, oil, natural gas, coal and minerals. However, these resources are finite and rapidly running out. The simple solution to this is the seventh Resource. What is the seventh resource?
23. Human consumption of Earth's natural resources more than ______ between 1970 and 2015. Our use of natural resources is expected to continue growing and more than double from 2015 to 2050.
24. Every 100 pounds of ______ waste in our landfills sends 8.3 pounds of methane into the atmosphere. Over 20 years, methane has 86 times the global warming effect of carbon dioxide.
25. It can be used instead of plastic/vinyl bag. The Green Team held an event to make this product using T-shirts that are not worn. What was it?

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1. G energy is heat derived below the earth’s surface which can be harnessed to generate clean, renewable energy.
2. What is the movement to reduce waste generated in daily life such as plastic and vinyl as much as possible?
3. American companies alone use enough _____ to encircle the Earth 3 times.
6. Global warming is an aspect of climate change, referring to the long-term rise of the planet's temperatures. It is caused by increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, mainly from human activities such as burning fossil fuels and _______ agriculture.
8. Plastics that are less than five millimeters in length (or about the size of a sesame seed) are called _______?
9. Food waste ¬¬¬¬____________ helps convert food waste into organic fertiliser. The fertiliser can then be used directly or combined with further elements depending on purpose. This process also helps to reduce food waste cost.
10. Landfills are composed of 35% ________materials.
12. “_______ Effect” is one of the reason cause Global warming when the atmosphere traps heat radiating from Earth toward space.
13. One of environment day, September 22, encourages motorists to give up their cars for a day. The slogan "In Town Without My Car!" It aims to reduce traffic and improve the environment, and holds annual events in over 40 countries around the world.
14. It is an environmental campaign hosted by the World Wildlife Fund, and has been held on the last Saturday of March every year since the first event was held in Sydney, Australia in 2007. It is a symbolic nature conservation campaign that reminds us of the meaning of climate change by turning off the lights for one hour on that day, and it is also widely known that famous landmarks around the world participate.
19. _____is cheap and incredibly versatile with properties that make it ideal for many applications. However, these qualities have also resulted in it becoming an environmental issue. We have developed a “disposable” lifestyle and estimates are that around 50% of ______ is used just once and thrown away.
22. NOT ALL PLASTIC IS RECYCLABLE. Straws, Plastic bag, ______Cup are not recyclable.

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3. When proactive people see an _____________, they take it and make something happen with it.
5. One characteristic of neuroticism (hint: an adjective, starts with “w”).
6. When people do not fit with others in their surface-level characteristics, they may be socially _______.
7. A type of fit that focuses on differences rather than congruence (hint: an adjective).
11. Research has shown that happy workers are not necessarily ___________ workers.
12. Person-job fit is about skills whereas person-occupation fit is about ___________.
13. Race and gender represent ________-level differences.
14. _________ do not believe that they can control their destiny.
15. Making suggestions belongs to a type of OCB that is called ______ virtues.
17. Promoting vicarious learning of OCB is an ________ way of encouraging OCB in the workplace.
19. Interviewers might look at this attribute to infer the interviewee’s self-discipline.
20. Type A people are more likely than Type B people to report poor _________ well-being.
22. A firm’s social capital is its competitive advantage because competitor firms cannot easily _______ it.
25. One of the most salient explanations of why smarter people have higher job performance is that they have greater job ______________.
26. Confirmatory bias means that a person seeks out information to support his/her predictions and ________ information which suggests the otherwise.
28. A characteristic of extraversion (hint: an adjective, starts with “a”).
29. A history of doing this suggests that a candidate is likely to perform OCB upon being hired.
31. People need __________ to help, making cross-functional training important.
32. An evaluative criterion commonly used in interviews. It is a relatively stable characteristic.
33. The attrition stage of ASA suggests that people either voluntarily or involuntarily _____ an organization when person-organization fit is absent.
34. ____________ citizenship norms refer to the fact that what was once extra-role now becomes people’s in-role expectation.
36. __________ is a value emphasized by all firms in the construction industry.
39. An interview heavily affected by surface-level characteristics of applicants (e.g., gender) is likely to have ______ interview validity.
41. A _______ culture exists when the behavioral norm is loud and clear.
43. When interviewers/recruiters already form a favorable pre-interview impression of a candidate, they might ask more ________-framed questions during the interview, resulting in a favorable post-interview score.
44. Performance-goal oriented people emphasize _______ their peers rather than mastery.
45. The effects of conscientiousness on job performance are stronger when job _________ is higher.
46. This type of interview involves the use of multiple interviewers.
48. Ingratiation and opinion conformity are examples of ________ management tactics.
51. In a classical experiment, researchers found that forestry workers cut fewer trees than the other group when they were asked to “try their _____”.
52. The psychological benefit people find after they have engaged in OCB.
53. One characteristic of agreeableness (hint: an adjective, starts with “t”).

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1. High-conscientiousness people are ___________-oriented.
2. Self-____________ closely observe the norm of a situation and adapt their behaviors accordingly.
4. This type of people like such jobs as lab assistants and chemists.
8. Giving less time to do a personality test is one way to increase the test’s __________.
9. This personality trait determines socialization success.
10. Intelligence matters less in jobs without problem-solving ___________.
16. We _____________ an organization when we think of its culture as its personality.
18. The last stage of the ASA process.
21. OCB culture emphasizes this value.
23. _____________ is to collect evidence from multiple sources to reach a conclusion about a job candidate.
24. One reason why taller people enjoy greater career success is that they more easily emerge as _________.
27. Moral licensing occurs when people use the ____ they have earned from good deeds to do bad deeds.
30. The major reason why positive leadership and supportive organization can draw employee OCB.
35. There is a high level of person-organization fit if an employee’s values match with the organization’s ___________.
37. Looking for ____________ is one way to discern whether an employee is a good actor or citizen.
38. Person-organization fit affects one’s performance mainly through shaping one’s _____________.
40. Psychological contracts can promote OCB because employees have a tendency to honor their ___________.
41. A type of nonverbal behavior.
42. A characteristic of openness to experience (hint: an adjective, starts with “c”).
44. Asking questions in the same ______ is one way to structure an interview.
47. This type of job can promote emotional engagement that facilitates OCB.
49. Research has shown that ________ which had more employees performing OCB earned higher revenue.
50. Goals should be specific, difficult, and ________.

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3. The National ____ Service was established in 1916 by Woodrow Wilson and is a federal agency that manages resources including timber, wildlife, recreation, range and water.
4. The Wildlife Habit ____ Act protects 3.4 million acres of upland and wetlands, or one third of all wildlife habit in the agricultural region, in its natural state
5. What advisory panel did John F. Kennedy establish because he was concerned about the use of DDT?
11. What piece of land in Dauphin County, PA, had a nuclear accident?
13. Which act created in the 1970s protected endangered species and their habitats? (acronym)
15. Which organisation was created by President Nixon to balance the interests of the environment and industry? (acronym)
19. Book written by Rachel Carson that uncovered the negative effects of pesticides
22. Idea that called for preserving scenic nature.
23. Which community was eventually evacuated due to high concentrations of toxic waste found in the water and soil of the neighborhood?
25. What chemical was used extensively during the Vietnam War by Americans to destroy foliage and later came under harsh attack from critics?
27. What type bear was last sighted in 1924?
29. The ____ Era was of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress towards a better society.
30. What technique was used to extract minerals by blasting mountain sides and using high pressure water hoses, destroying entire ecosystems?
32. President _____ founded the EPA.
33. What Ohio river caught on fire due to pollution?
34. He was a President of the United States who was sympathetic to the conservationist movement and enacted changes.
35. The ____ ____ Act established the basic structure for regulating pollutant discharges into the waters of the United States.
37. The O’____ Dam of the Tuolumne River in Hetch Hetchy Valley that preservationists were fiercely opposed to building. It was proposed in 1909 and became a reservoir in 1913.
40. In what month in 1970 was the first Earth Day celebrated?

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1. What happened in the MidWest after Great Plains farmers had a great demand for timber?
2. Which Mexican American immigrant worker and leader of the United Farm Worker's Union brought awareness to the health problems that farmworkers suffered due to chemical exposure?
6. What national park is in the west US and is internationally recognized for its cliffs, waterfalls, and other natural features?
7. The ____ ____ Act was signed in 1973 and conserves endangered species.
8. President of the United States who tweeted that global warming is a hoax
9. The Inland _____ Commission was established in 1907 and studied the relation of rivers, soil, forest, waterpower development, and water transportation.
10. The ___ ___ Act protects air quality and is designed to control national air pollution.
12. The ___ ___ ___ is a federal agency established in 1970 that currently resides in Washington, D.C. that implements environmental law by writing regulations. (acronym)
14. Idea that called for federal supervision of resources and preservation for future generations, and resources were meant to be used through management.
16. Television personality nicknamed ___ ___ ___, lamented about pollution and also was an actor who portrayed Native Americans in Hollywood films.
17. The National ___ Act was backed by Roosevelt in 1902 and federally funded construction of dams, reservoirs, and canals.
18. The ____ Act was signed by Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964 to recognize wilderness as an area where the ecosystem is untouched by humans and that “man himself is a visitor who does not remain.”
20. Man who was a utilitarian conservationist and the Chief of Forestry
21. The ____ Act was a piece of legislation enacted in 1902 that funded irrigation projects from the proceeds of the sale of federal lands in the West.
24. What organization did John Muir find?
26. Man who favored the preservation of scenic wilderness areas and led the “Back to Nature” movement. Also founded the Sierra Club in 1862.
28. What animal went extinct as the US Army tried to starve out existence of Native Americans?
31. The Passenger ______ went extinct after the last one died in 1914 at the Cincinnati zoo.
36. Last name of a professor who wrote “The Population Bomb” in 1968
38. The National ___ Service was a federal agency established in 1916. Protects and manages national parks, monuments, and reservations that had been set aside for natural, scenic, and historic values and leave them unimpaired for future generations.
39. What non profit organization was created in 1970 at NYC to defend natural resources and advocate for the environment?

Across

2. Which organisation was created by President Nixon to balance the interests of the environment and industry? (acronym)
5. He was a President of the United States who was sympathetic to the conservationist movement and enacted changes.
7. What advisory panel did John F. Kennedy establish because he was concerned about the use of DDT?
8. Man who was a utilitarian conservationist and the Chief of Forestry
9. The National ____ Service was established in 1916 by Woodrow Wilson and is a federal agency that manages resources including timber, wildlife, recreation, range and water.
14. What type bear was last sighted in 1924?
15. What national park is in the west US and is internationally recognized for its cliffs, waterfalls, and other natural features?
16. The ____ Act was a piece of legislation enacted in 1902 that funded irrigation projects from the proceeds of the sale of federal lands in the West.
19. What animal went extinct as the US Army tried to starve out existence of Native Americans?
23. President of the United States who tweeted that global warming is a hoax
25. What chemical was used extensively during the Vietnam War by Americans to destroy foliage and later came under harsh attack from critics?
28. The National ___ Act was backed by Roosevelt in 1902 and federally funded construction of dams, reservoirs, and canals.
29. Idea that called for preserving scenic nature.
30. What piece of land in Dauphin County, PA, had a nuclear accident?
32. The O’____ Dam of the Tuolumne River in Hetch Hetchy Valley that preservationists were fiercely opposed to building. It was proposed in 1909 and became a reservoir in 1913.
33. The ____ Act was signed by Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964 to recognize wilderness as an area where the ecosystem is untouched by humans and that “man himself is a visitor who does not remain.”
36. The ____ Era was of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress towards a better society.
37. What Ohio river caught on fire due to pollution?
38. Which Mexican American immigrant worker and leader of the United Farm Worker's Union brought awareness to the health problems that farmworkers suffered due to chemical exposure?
39. The National ___ Service was a federal agency established in 1916. Protects and manages national parks, monuments, and reservations that had been set aside for natural, scenic, and historic values and leave them unimpaired for future generations.

Down

1. The Inland _____ Commission was established in 1907 and studied the relation of rivers, soil, forest, waterpower development, and water transportation.
3. What technique was used to extract minerals by blasting mountain sides and using high pressure water hoses, destroying entire ecosystems?
4. What non profit organization was created in 1970 at NYC to defend natural resources and advocate for the environment?
6. Man who favored the preservation of scenic wilderness areas and led the “Back to Nature” movement. Also founded the Sierra Club in 1862.
10. What organization did John Muir find?
11. Book written by Rachel Carson that uncovered the negative effects of pesticides
12. The Passenger ______ went extinct after the last one died in 1914 at the Cincinnati zoo.
13. The ____ ____ Act was signed in 1973 and conserves endangered species.
17. The ____ ____ Act established the basic structure for regulating pollutant discharges into the waters of the United States.
18. The ___ ___ Act protects air quality and is designed to control national air pollution.
20. Idea that called for federal supervision of resources and preservation for future generations, and resources were meant to be used through management.
21. What happened in the MidWest after Great Plains farmers had a great demand for timber?
22. Television personality nicknamed ___ ___ ___, lamented about pollution and also was an actor who portrayed Native Americans in Hollywood films.
24. The Wildlife Habit ____ Act protects 3.4 million acres of upland and wetlands, or one third of all wildlife habit in the agricultural region, in its natural state
25. In what month in 1970 was the first Earth Day celebrated?
26. The ___ ___ ___ is a federal agency established in 1970 that currently resides in Washington, D.C. that implements environmental law by writing regulations. (acronym)
27. President _____ founded the EPA.
31. Which act created in the 1970s protected endangered species and their habitats? (acronym)
34. Last name of a professor who wrote “The Population Bomb” in 1968
35. Which community was eventually evacuated due to high concentrations of toxic waste found in the water and soil of the neighborhood?

Across

4. challenge exporters face is convincing the stakeholders that the trade is subject to _______ opinion in australia and proving that improved animal welfare also improves the product.
5. _____ is the Australian Standard for Export of Livestock. animals checked by AQIS vet beforehand to make sure fit to travel.
6. the live export industry employs ____________ thousand people.
7. meat and livestock australia conducts research and marketing services. MLA does not regulate, police or _________ ESCAS. this is the job of the dept of agriculture, fisheries and forestry (DAFF).
8. a '____' haul voyage is over 12 days, (to the middle east, china, mexico). requires stockmen and veterinarian.
9. bedding for cattle on ships
10. on LONG haul voyages, vet and stockmen report _______ to DAFF. complete a voyage report at end. (mortality, temperature, hospital status, feed/water, health/welfare).
13. despite the number of cattle and sheep being exported live declining in recent years, _____ per head has never been higher than in the last couple of years.
14. live export of CATTLE to ___________ has decreased from 55% - 43% in the last year. (though they are still by far the greatest import).
16. the number of _______ exported live peaked in 2002 at just under 1 million head. (now around 600, 000).
18. in the last few years, the main live export market for australian SHEEP lies in the _____ ______ (2 words) with Qatar, Bahrain, Turkey, Kuwait and Jordan all major importers.
19. potential new live export markets include _____, Iraq, and Algeria.
20. australian livestock is generally regarded as being _____, green, fit and healthy by importers - continued demand.
21. the role of the AQIS accredited vet is to ensure animals are fit for __________, and fulfil protocol req. of importing country, as well as ASEL requirements.
23. major challenges the live export market faces : impact of animal rights groups, factors beyond influence (political adgendas of other countries), the cost of __________ on the exporter, and maintaining compliance with _______ every day of the year, at times cheaper alternative supply from US/Somalia/Sudan/Europe.
24. the live export market is an important outlet for australian producers, particularly in __________ _________ (2 words) and NT.
27. Live Export Program activities include: Animal welfare ____________ for animal handlers, increasing supply chain efficiency and performance (through ESCAS and other), market access (liaison with governments etc), and research and development (eg developing ____________ materials (DVDs, pamplets, etc for handlers).
29. there are 6 supply chain elements that are reviewed (with 88 checkpoints): handling, transport, feedlot, lairage/abbatoir, slaughter with __________, slaughter without _________.
30. the process: initial _____ by ______or (completes OIE checklist) --> approval and review of reports by DAFF --> performance ______ within the supply chain --> exporter provides DAFF with report --> DAFF makes report publicly avalable on website.
31. ships can carry up to 100 thousand sheep or ________ thousand cattle (or combo of both).
32. the top causes of mortality and morbidity on board are: 1. __________ (salmonella), 2. inanition (not eating) 3. heat stress, 4. Pneumonia, 5. pink eye, 6. trauma.

Down

1. what does ESCAS stand for? (5 words)
2. __________ decked ships are being phased out in favour of single decked ships.
3. new regulations imposed following incidents shown in May 2011 include: performance measurement and checklist to ____ standards, livestock traceability, independent 3rd party audits, and reportability and accountability (line of sight).
5. the live export industry aims to provide other countries with __________ and safe red meat.
10. because stock in developing countries is often ___________, the local people can perceive australian stock as wild.
11. in the middle east, meat demand is strongly linked to ___________ practice and festivals such as the Eid festival to mark the end of Ramadan, and Eid al-Adha to mark the end of Hajj. (animals selected, slaughtered and shared).
12. the number of ______ exported live has been declining since 2001, from approx 6.8 millon - 2.2 million (2012)
15. the new regulations following incidents in 2011 mean that the exporter must have an appropriate and acceptable exporter supply chain assurance system (ESCAS) before the _____ (govt dept) will allow them to export.
17. a 'short' haul voyage (to SE asia) of approx less than 7 days, does NOT require the presence of a ______________, but does require stockmen.
22. live export contributes $1.8 ________ dollars to the australian economy.
25. who pays the AQIS veterinarians salary? the __________
26. on ships, feed and water supply is __________
28. _______ have the most variable delivery rate over the last decade or so. at the moment have 100% for _____, almost 100% for cattle, and just over 99% for sheep. if cattle fall below 99%, and sheep below 98%, there is an investigation.
31. _____ feed troughs, ______ water troughs, and _____ feeds daily per pen of animals, at 2.5% bodyweight. energy 10MJ/kg, protein 12%.

Across

5. What type bear was last sighted in 1924?
6. Which community was eventually evacuated due to high concentrations of toxic waste found in the water and soil of the neighborhood?
8. What technique was used to extract minerals by blasting mountain sides and using high pressure water hoses, destroying entire ecosystems?
9. What national park is in the west US and is internationally recognized for its cliffs, waterfalls, and other natural features?
12. Book written by Rachel Carson that uncovered the negative effects of pesticides
15. The Inland _____ Commission was established in 1907 and studied the relation of rivers, soil, forest, waterpower development, and water transportation.
19. Which Mexican American immigrant worker and leader of the United Farm Worker's Union brought awareness to the health problems that farmworkers suffered due to chemical exposure?
21. What animal went extinct as the US Army tried to starve out existence of Native Americans?
24. The Wildlife Habit ____ Act protects 3.4 million acres of upland and wetlands, or one third of all wildlife habit in the agricultural region, in its natural state
26. The National ____ Service was established in 1916 by Woodrow Wilson and is a federal agency that manages resources including timber, wildlife, recreation, range and water.
27. Which act created in the 1970s protected endangered species and their habitats? (acronym)
28. What Ohio river caught on fire due to pollution?
30. The ____ ____ Act was signed in 1973 and conserves endangered species.
31. The ____ ____ Act established the basic structure for regulating pollutant discharges into the waters of the United States.
33. What advisory panel did John F. Kennedy establish because he was concerned about the use of DDT?
34. President _____ founded the EPA.
35. Which organisation was created by President Nixon to balance the interests of the environment and industry? (acronym)
36. Television personality nicknamed ___ ___ ___, lamented about pollution and also was an actor who portrayed Native Americans in Hollywood films.
37. The National ___ Service was a federal agency established in 1916. Protects and manages national parks, monuments, and reservations that had been set aside for natural, scenic, and historic values and leave them unimpaired for future generations.
38. What chemical was used extensively during the Vietnam War by Americans to destroy foliage and later came under harsh attack from critics?

Down

1. The ____ Era was of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress towards a better society.
2. The Passenger ______ went extinct after the last one died in 1914 at the Cincinnati zoo.
3. The ____ Act was a piece of legislation enacted in 1902 that funded irrigation projects from the proceeds of the sale of federal lands in the West.
4. Man who was a utilitarian conservationist and the Chief of Forestry
7. Idea that called for preserving scenic nature.
10. In what month in 1970 was the first Earth Day celebrated?
11. Man who favored the preservation of scenic wilderness areas and led the “Back to Nature” movement. Also founded the Sierra Club in 1862.
13. The National ___ Act was backed by Roosevelt in 1902 and federally funded construction of dams, reservoirs, and canals.
14. What happened in the MidWest after Great Plains farmers had a great demand for timber?
16. What piece of land in Dauphin County, PA, had a nuclear accident?
17. What organization did John Muir find?
18. He was a President of the United States who was sympathetic to the conservationist movement and enacted changes.
20. The O’____ Dam of the Tuolumne River in Hetch Hetchy Valley that preservationists were fiercely opposed to building. It was proposed in 1909 and became a reservoir in 1913.
22. Idea that called for federal supervision of resources and preservation for future generations, and resources were meant to be used through management.
23. The ____ Act was signed by Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964 to recognize wilderness as an area where the ecosystem is untouched by humans and that “man himself is a visitor who does not remain.”
25. The ___ ___ Act protects air quality and is designed to control national air pollution.
29. President of the United States who tweeted that global warming is a hoax
32. What non profit organization was created in 1970 at NYC to defend natural resources and advocate for the environment?
39. The ___ ___ ___ is a federal agency established in 1970 that currently resides in Washington, D.C. that implements environmental law by writing regulations. (acronym)
40. Last name of a professor who wrote “The Population Bomb” in 1968

Across

2. What national park is in the west US and is internationally recognized for its cliffs, waterfalls, and other natural features?
6. What Ohio river caught on fire due to pollution?
8. The ____ Act was a piece of legislation enacted in 1902 that funded irrigation projects from the proceeds of the sale of federal lands in the West.
11. Last name of a professor who wrote “The Population Bomb” in 1968
12. What non profit organization was created in 1970 at NYC to defend natural resources and advocate for the environment?
14. The Wildlife Habit ____ Act protects 3.4 million acres of upland and wetlands, or one third of all wildlife habit in the agricultural region, in its natural state
15. Which community was eventually evacuated due to high concentrations of toxic waste found in the water and soil of the neighborhood?
19. Which organisation was created by President Nixon to balance the interests of the environment and industry? (acronym)
20. The National ___ Act was backed by Roosevelt in 1902 and federally funded construction of dams, reservoirs, and canals.
21. What piece of land in Dauphin County, PA, had a nuclear accident?
23. President _____ founded the EPA.
25. What happened in the MidWest after Great Plains farmers had a great demand for timber?
26. In what month in 1970 was the first Earth Day celebrated?
27. The National ____ Service was established in 1916 by Woodrow Wilson and is a federal agency that manages resources including timber, wildlife, recreation, range and water.
30. Television personality nicknamed ___ ___ ___, lamented about pollution and also was an actor who portrayed Native Americans in Hollywood films.
31. What technique was used to extract minerals by blasting mountain sides and using high pressure water hoses, destroying entire ecosystems?
34. Book written by Rachel Carson that uncovered the negative effects of pesticides
37. Idea that called for federal supervision of resources and preservation for future generations, and resources were meant to be used through management.
38. The ___ ___ ___ is a federal agency established in 1970 that currently resides in Washington, D.C. that implements environmental law by writing regulations. (acronym)
39. What type bear was last sighted in 1924?

Down

1. Which Mexican American immigrant worker and leader of the United Farm Worker's Union brought awareness to the health problems that farmworkers suffered due to chemical exposure?
3. Which act created in the 1970s protected endangered species and their habitats? (acronym)
4. He was a President of the United States who was sympathetic to the conservationist movement and enacted changes.
5. The Inland _____ Commission was established in 1907 and studied the relation of rivers, soil, forest, waterpower development, and water transportation.
7. Man who favored the preservation of scenic wilderness areas and led the “Back to Nature” movement. Also founded the Sierra Club in 1862.
9. The ____ Era was of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress towards a better society.
10. What animal went extinct as the US Army tried to starve out existence of Native Americans?
13. The ____ ____ Act established the basic structure for regulating pollutant discharges into the waters of the United States.
16. What chemical was used extensively during the Vietnam War by Americans to destroy foliage and later came under harsh attack from critics?
17. What organization did John Muir find?
18. The ____ ____ Act was signed in 1973 and conserves endangered species.
22. The O’____ Dam of the Tuolumne River in Hetch Hetchy Valley that preservationists were fiercely opposed to building. It was proposed in 1909 and became a reservoir in 1913.
24. The ____ Act was signed by Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964 to recognize wilderness as an area where the ecosystem is untouched by humans and that “man himself is a visitor who does not remain.”
28. Idea that called for preserving scenic nature.
29. The Passenger ______ went extinct after the last one died in 1914 at the Cincinnati zoo.
32. President of the United States who tweeted that global warming is a hoax
33. The National ___ Service was a federal agency established in 1916. Protects and manages national parks, monuments, and reservations that had been set aside for natural, scenic, and historic values and leave them unimpaired for future generations.
35. Man who was a utilitarian conservationist and the Chief of Forestry
36. What advisory panel did John F. Kennedy establish because he was concerned about the use of DDT?
37. The ___ ___ Act protects air quality and is designed to control national air pollution.

Across

3. The National ___ Service was a federal agency established in 1916. Protects and manages national parks, monuments, and reservations that had been set aside for natural, scenic, and historic values and leave them unimpaired for future generations.
4. What national park is in the west US and is internationally recognized for its cliffs, waterfalls, and other natural features?
6. The National ___ Act was backed by Roosevelt in 1902 and federally funded construction of dams, reservoirs, and canals.
8. The ____ Act was signed by Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964 to recognize wilderness as an area where the ecosystem is untouched by humans and that “man himself is a visitor who does not remain.”
10. He was a President of the United States who was sympathetic to the conservationist movement and enacted changes.
13. The National ____ Service was established in 1916 by Woodrow Wilson and is a federal agency that manages resources including timber, wildlife, recreation, range and water.
16. Idea that called for preserving scenic nature.
18. In what month in 1970 was the first Earth Day celebrated?
19. The Wildlife Habit ____ Act protects 3.4 million acres of upland and wetlands, or one third of all wildlife habit in the agricultural region, in its natural state
21. Which Mexican American immigrant worker and leader of the United Farm Worker's Union brought awareness to the health problems that farmworkers suffered due to chemical exposure?
22. What happened in the MidWest after Great Plains farmers had a great demand for timber?
24. The ____ ____ Act was signed in 1973 and conserves endangered species.
25. The ____ Act was a piece of legislation enacted in 1902 that funded irrigation projects from the proceeds of the sale of federal lands in the West.
26. President _____ founded the EPA.
28. Book written by Rachel Carson that uncovered the negative effects of pesticides
32. What chemical was used extensively during the Vietnam War by Americans to destroy foliage and later came under harsh attack from critics?
34. Last name of a professor who wrote “The Population Bomb” in 1968
35. The ___ ___ ___ is a federal agency established in 1970 that currently resides in Washington, D.C. that implements environmental law by writing regulations. (acronym)
37. Which organisation was created by President Nixon to balance the interests of the environment and industry? (acronym)
38. What organization did John Muir find?
39. What animal went extinct as the US Army tried to starve out existence of Native Americans?

Down

1. The ___ ___ Act protects air quality and is designed to control national air pollution.
2. Man who favored the preservation of scenic wilderness areas and led the “Back to Nature” movement. Also founded the Sierra Club in 1862.
3. The Passenger ______ went extinct after the last one died in 1914 at the Cincinnati zoo.
5. The ____ Era was of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress towards a better society.
7. President of the United States who tweeted that global warming is a hoax
9. Man who was a utilitarian conservationist and the Chief of Forestry
11. What Ohio river caught on fire due to pollution?
12. What non profit organization was created in 1970 at NYC to defend natural resources and advocate for the environment?
14. The O’____ Dam of the Tuolumne River in Hetch Hetchy Valley that preservationists were fiercely opposed to building. It was proposed in 1909 and became a reservoir in 1913.
15. Idea that called for federal supervision of resources and preservation for future generations, and resources were meant to be used through management.
17. What piece of land in Dauphin County, PA, had a nuclear accident?
20. The ____ ____ Act established the basic structure for regulating pollutant discharges into the waters of the United States.
23. What advisory panel did John F. Kennedy establish because he was concerned about the use of DDT?
27. Which community was eventually evacuated due to high concentrations of toxic waste found in the water and soil of the neighborhood?
29. Television personality nicknamed ___ ___ ___, lamented about pollution and also was an actor who portrayed Native Americans in Hollywood films.
30. The Inland _____ Commission was established in 1907 and studied the relation of rivers, soil, forest, waterpower development, and water transportation.
31. What technique was used to extract minerals by blasting mountain sides and using high pressure water hoses, destroying entire ecosystems?
33. What type bear was last sighted in 1924?
36. Which act created in the 1970s protected endangered species and their habitats? (acronym)

Across

1. The average number of children born to women of childbearing age in a population during their reproductive years, usually expressed as births per woman.
10. Exchange between two or more parties of one entity or another.
11. Factors that compel or drive people to leave their current location and migrate to another, such as poverty, political instability, conflict, or environmental degradation.
13. The visible imprint of human activity and culture on the natural landscape, including built structures, land use patterns, agricultural practices, and symbolic features.
14. The sector of the economy that involves manufacturing, processing, and construction activities, transforming raw materials into finished goods and infrastructure.
16. The process of increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among countries, economies, cultures, and societies through international trade, communication, and exchange.
17. The ratio of dependent population (children and elderly) to the working-age population, often used as an indicator of the economic burden on the workforce and social support systems.
19. The process of revitalization and renewal of urban neighborhoods, typically involving the influx of affluent residents, businesses, and investment, which may displace lower-income residents and alter the character of the area. Devolution: The transfer of political power and decision-making authority from a central government to regional or local authorities, often aimed at addressing regional disparities, promoting cultural autonomy, or accommodating minority interests.
23. The unplanned and often uncontrolled outward expansion of urban areas into surrounding rural and natural landscapes, characterized by low-density development, automobile dependency, and fragmented land use.
24. The development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale, typically accompanied by technological advancement, economic growth, and social change.
25. The sector of the economy that involves providing services, including retail, healthcare, education, finance, transportation, and tourism.
27. A shared cultural heritage, including language, religion, customs, and traditions, that typically distinguishes one group of people from another.
28. A very large urban agglomeration with a population exceeding ten million inhabitants, typically characterized by rapid population growth, economic activity, and social complexity.
29. The movement of people from one place to another, usually with the intention of settling permanently or temporarily in a new location.
30. The concept that technological advances in transportation and communication have reduced the perceived distance between places, leading to accelerated movement of people, goods, and information across space and time.

Down

2. Sustainable tourism that promotes environmental conservation, cultural preservation, and community development, often involving nature-based activities and responsible travel practices.
3. The transitional zone between urban and rural areas where urban and agricultural land uses mix, often characterized by suburban development, agriculture, and open space.
4. The maximum population size that an environment or ecosystem can sustainably support given its available resources, technology, and environmental conditions.
5. The process by which an increasing proportion of a population lives in cities and urban areas.
6. The spread of cultural beliefs, practices, customs, and ideas from one society or group to another through contact, exchange, and interaction.
7. The sector of the economy that involves the extraction and production of raw materials, such as agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, and quarrying.
8. The number of deaths occurring in a population within a specified period, often expressed as deaths per thousand individuals per year.
9. The statistical study of populations, including their size, structure, and distribution, as well as changes over time due to births, deaths, and migration.
12. A composite measure of well-being and development that combines indicators of life expectancy, education, and income to assess the overall quality of life in a country.
15. The ability to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, often involving environmental, social, and economic considerations.
18. Factors that attract or draw people to a new location and influence migration decisions, such as job opportunities, better living conditions, education, or family reunification.
20. The science and art of mapmaking, including the study of map design, projection techniques, and geographic representation.
21. A political entity consisting of a defined territory inhabited by a population with a common identity, culture, and government.
22. The number of people living per unit of area, usually expressed as persons per square kilometer or square mile.
26. The authority of a state to govern itself and make decisions within its own borders without interference from external sources.

Across

2. Occurs when city revenues cannot keep up with increasing demands for city services and expenditures on decaying urban infrastructure.(IDKU6)
7. Large wild grass native to Mexico that produced the small ears of maize.(IDKU5)
8. The placement or arrangement of objects on Earth's surface; also included the space between objects.(VITU1)The significance of this term is it allows geographers to look at and analyze the arrangement of objects, people, and the trends that shape human activity.
9. An ideal that political authorities govern in the name of all a country’s citizens, modern mass communications link all residents etc.)(CCU4)
11. The modification of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops.(CCU5)
13. Relocation of manufacturing and support services from one country to another.(CCU7)
14. The concept that as the distance between two places increases, the interaction and movement between them become more difficult and costly, thus decreasing the likelihood of interaction.(IDKU1)
19. A multi-country agreement that reduces or eliminates taxes to promote the free-flow of goods and services across international borders.(IDKU4)
22. Unofficial of geological time, used to describe the most recent period in earth's history when humans started to impact the atmosphere and climate.(IDKU2)
23. Spanish acronym for the southern common market —> includes many countries (South American customs union).(IDKU7)
24. The planting and harvesting of domesticated plants and the rising of domesticated animals for food.(VITU5)The significance of this term is its a main base in societies, global interactions, and shaping or building different settlement patterns.
28. The ideal political geographical unit. (A people and its culture)(governance and authority).(CCU4)
29. The portion of earth's surface with permanent human settlement.(IDKU2)
30. System of 24 satellites that orbit earth twice daily and transmit radio signals earthward.(CCU1)
31. A grain plant native to northeast Africa.(IDKU5)
33. The belief that any physical environment offers a uber of possible ways for a society to develop and that humans can find ways to overcome environmental challenges.(IDKU1)
34. The practice of using local land-use regulation to preserve and enhance property tax base.(IDKU6)
35. A trade language, characterized by a very small vocab derived from the languages of at least 2 or more groups in contact.(CCU3)

Down

1. A practice in which realtors persuade white homeowners in a neighborhood to sell their homes by convincing them that black families were moving in.(CCU6)
3. Rapid transformation of the economy through the intro of machines, power sources in 1760-1830 in the US and Europe.(VITU7)This term is significant because it transformed global landscapes, communities, and economics, all leading to urbanization.
4. When moves are made across national borders.(CCU2)
5. Process whereby religion becomes a less dominant force in everyday life than it was in the past.(IDKU3)
6. An approach to standing other cultures that seeks to understand individuals and cultures from a wider perspective of cultural logic.(VITU3)This term is important because it pushes people to understand cultures on their own terms, diverse practices, all of this instead of judging them.
10. A location where cargo is transferred from one mode of transportation to another.(IDKU7)
12. Migration that is done willingly.(CCU2)
15. A combined language that has a fuller vocab than a pidgin language and becomes a native language.(CCU3)
16. Construction and improvement of foundational services such as access to energy resources throughout the country.(IDKU4)
17. The statistical study of human populations.(VITU2)This term helps us understand human populations, including trends, and patterns.
18. Economic activities that involve the direct extraction of natural resources from the earth, including agriculture, fishing, forestry, and mining.(CCU5)
20. Transfer of part of a firm's internal operations to a third party.(CCU7)
21. The movement of power from the central government to regional governments within the state.(VITU4)The importance of this term is it shows the transfer of power from central governments to local or regional governments.
25. Scanning of earth by satellite of high flying aircraft in order to obtain info about it.(CCU1)
26. Process whereby religion becomes a less dominant force in everyday life than it was in the past.(IDKU3)
27. Practice of identifying high risk neighborhoods on a map and refusing to rent money to people.(CCU6)
32. The movement of people from rural areas and cities.(VITU6)The importance of this term is it’s a key part of environmental, economic, and social changes.

Across

3. President _____ founded the EPA.
7. Which Mexican American immigrant worker and leader of the United Farm Worker's Union brought awareness to the health problems that farmworkers suffered due to chemical exposure?
10. In what month in 1970 was the first Earth Day celebrated?
11. President of the United States who tweeted that global warming is a hoax
14. The ____ Act was signed by Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964 to recognize wilderness as an area where the ecosystem is untouched by humans and that “man himself is a visitor who does not remain.”
16. Book written by Rachel Carson that uncovered the negative effects of pesticides
19. He was a President of the United States who was sympathetic to the conservationist movement and enacted changes.
21. What technique was used to extract minerals by blasting mountain sides and using high pressure water hoses, destroying entire ecosystems?
24. The ____ Act was a piece of legislation enacted in 1902 that funded irrigation projects from the proceeds of the sale of federal lands in the West.
25. Last name of a professor who wrote “The Population Bomb” in 1968
26. The Passenger ______ went extinct after the last one died in 1914 at the Cincinnati zoo.
27. What piece of land in Dauphin County, PA, had a nuclear accident?
29. What animal went extinct as the US Army tried to starve out existence of Native Americans?
32. Which organisation was created by President Nixon to balance the interests of the environment and industry? (acronym)
34. What chemical was used extensively during the Vietnam War by Americans to destroy foliage and later came under harsh attack from critics?
35. What non profit organization was created in 1970 at NYC to defend natural resources and advocate for the environment?
38. The O’____ Dam of the Tuolumne River in Hetch Hetchy Valley that preservationists were fiercely opposed to building. It was proposed in 1909 and became a reservoir in 1913.
39. The ___ ___ Act protects air quality and is designed to control national air pollution.
40. What type bear was last sighted in 1924?

Down

1. Man who was a utilitarian conservationist and the Chief of Forestry
2. The National ____ Service was established in 1916 by Woodrow Wilson and is a federal agency that manages resources including timber, wildlife, recreation, range and water.
4. The National ___ Act was backed by Roosevelt in 1902 and federally funded construction of dams, reservoirs, and canals.
5. The ____ Era was of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress towards a better society.
6. The ___ ___ ___ is a federal agency established in 1970 that currently resides in Washington, D.C. that implements environmental law by writing regulations. (acronym)
8. The Wildlife Habit ____ Act protects 3.4 million acres of upland and wetlands, or one third of all wildlife habit in the agricultural region, in its natural state
9. Man who favored the preservation of scenic wilderness areas and led the “Back to Nature” movement. Also founded the Sierra Club in 1862.
12. Television personality nicknamed ___ ___ ___, lamented about pollution and also was an actor who portrayed Native Americans in Hollywood films.
13. The ____ ____ Act established the basic structure for regulating pollutant discharges into the waters of the United States.
15. Idea that called for preserving scenic nature.
17. Idea that called for federal supervision of resources and preservation for future generations, and resources were meant to be used through management.
18. The ____ ____ Act was signed in 1973 and conserves endangered species.
20. Which community was eventually evacuated due to high concentrations of toxic waste found in the water and soil of the neighborhood?
22. What happened in the MidWest after Great Plains farmers had a great demand for timber?
23. What national park is in the west US and is internationally recognized for its cliffs, waterfalls, and other natural features?
28. What organization did John Muir find?
30. Which act created in the 1970s protected endangered species and their habitats? (acronym)
31. The Inland _____ Commission was established in 1907 and studied the relation of rivers, soil, forest, waterpower development, and water transportation.
33. The National ___ Service was a federal agency established in 1916. Protects and manages national parks, monuments, and reservations that had been set aside for natural, scenic, and historic values and leave them unimpaired for future generations.
36. What advisory panel did John F. Kennedy establish because he was concerned about the use of DDT?
37. What Ohio river caught on fire due to pollution?

Across

3. Fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group. This is the essence of how humans interact with nature. (VIT)(1)
8. Economic activity that is neither tased or monitored by a government. (CC)(6)
13. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in a factory, commonly found prior to the Industrial Revolution. (CC)(6)
14. Process of adopting only certain customs that will be to their advantage. (IDK)(3)
17. A linked system of processes that gather resources, convert them into goods, package them for distribution, and sell them on the market. (IDK)(5)
19. A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data.(IDK)(1)
20. The extension of national power, authority, or influence to other countries or regions through polices of direct or indirect control. (IDK)(4)
21. The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place.(CC)(1)
23. The process of redrawing electoral district boundaries. (CC)(4)
24. The diminishing importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin. (CC)(1)
27. A process of less dominant cultures losing their culture to a more dominant culture. (IDK)(3)
29. The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers. (IDK)(5)
30. The accusation of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or from other long distance methods. (IDK)(1)
31. An area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government with control over its internal foreign affairs. This is important because it is apart of a nation that contributes to the political and economic factors of that nation. (VIT)(4)
32. Someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee. (CC)(2)

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1. Incorporation, of a territory into another geo-political entity. (IDK)(4)
2. The process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the political party in power. (CC)(4)
3. This is the population level that can be supported, given the quantity of food, water, and other life infrastructure present. (IDK)(2)
4. Zones established by many countries in the periphery and the semi-periphery that offer favorable tax, regulatory, and trade arrangements to attract foreign trade investments. This is important because it is how countries exports their goods to other countries. (VIT)(6)
5. The restoration of run-down urban area by the middle class. This is important because it results in the displacement of lower income people. (VIT)(7)
6. Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality migrated there. (IDK)(2)
7. The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate. This is important because it show the increase of the population within a country. (VIT)(2)
9. Indictor of a level of development for each country, combining literacy, education, and life expectancy. (IDK)(6)
10. Activities that involve facilitating complex decision making and the advancement of human capacities. (IDK)(6)
11. Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale, off the farm. (CC)(5)
12. Residential areas surrounding a city. (CC)(7)
15. A crop or livestock system characterized by low inputs of labor per unit area of land. (CC)(5)
16. Drawing of lines on a map to identify areas in which banks will refuse to loan money. (IDK)(7)
18. Legislation and regulations to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland. (IDK)(7)
22. The portion of the economy concern with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface. This is important because the extraction is generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry. (VIT)(5)
25. Affiliation or identity within a group of people bound by common ancestry and culture. (CC)(3)
26. Categorization of humans based on skin color and other and other physical characteristics; based on the idea that some characteristics are more important than others. (CC)(3)
28. A monotheistic religion centered on the life and teaching of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament of the Bible. This is important because Christianity is the largest religion in the world. (VIT)(3)
30. People who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return in fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion. (CC)(2)
33. City around a beltway that is a node of consumer and business services. (CC)(7)

Across

5. The number of animals produced that exceed the carrying capacity of the habitat.
6. The term that describes how chicks are fed by the mother hen for the first 3-4 day after hatching
8. The term that refers to removing all trees in an area of land.
9. The premise that each animal killed by hunters is and additional death that adds to the overall mortality rate.
10. The term that refers to a seedling/spling forrest.
12. The father of wildlife management.
14. The concept that most animals produce more young than necessary to maintain the population, therefore removing these individuals with hunting will not affect the population.
18. This term refers to is the observed process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time.
20. The species of turkey that is found primarily in the Ponderosa Pines and western mountain regions of the U.S.
22. Game that inhabits non-cultivated land, compatible with forestry and livestock operations, and has a cruising radius of 5 miles or more.
23. the concept that an inverse relationship exist between productivity and abundance. Therefore a population reduced by hunting will be more successful.
26. The concept that as prey population goes down in Canada and Alaska when the predator population goes up in the great lakes.
28. the concept that hunting is self-regulated because as the season progresses, hunter numbers and success rates decrease.
30. The type of food that comes from trees and makes up 50-70% of the turkeys diet in the fall and winter months
32. The term that refers to land that provides breeding, nesting, brood-rearing, and fall habitat all within 40 acers.
33. The species of turkey that is native to the central plain states and has tail and covert feathers that are tipped with tan or yellowish- buff.
34. The differences in appearance between males and females of the same species.
35. Ideal turkey habitat in which it consist of herbaceous ground cover of 90%, average canopy height of 20 inches, and overhead or nearby tree cover of 10-50%.
38. Know as the “blackhead disease,” and is caused by protozoan parasites.

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1. The species of turkey that is the largest of the subspecies with longer legs and larger feet.
2. The species of turkey that is found only in the peninsula of Florida and has tail feathers and coverts that are tipped with a chestnut brown color.
3. Juvenile hens that move 2 to 3 times as far as adults, over 20 miles from winter home ranges.
4. The concept that mortality resulting from hunting will be compensated for by a reduction in mortality from other factors such as predation or weather.
7. Game that requires the absence of farming, grazing, and forest management.
11. The turkey species in which both male and females are bronze-green with no difference in breast feather colors, has no bread
13. The term that refers to an animal that eats both plants and animals.
15. The term that refers to the fleshy protrubances that hang over their bills and can be extended or contracted at will.
16. The term that refers to sitting on or brooding the eggs of birds to hatch them.
17. A physical trait that allows upland birds to be able to walk on snow as if they had snowshoes.
19. Game that makes annual long or short distance movement between breeding and non-breeding ranges.
21. Game that requires cultivated land, non-migratory, and has a short cruising radius of less than 1 mile.
24. The species of turkey that is most widely distributed, abundant, and hunted in the U.S.
25. The term that refers to a life of little to no physical activity, spending a lot of time seated.
26. The term that refers to a clear-cut area where male woodcocks performs mating rituals.
27. The term refers to when all grouse eggs hatch within 24 hours of one another.
29. Harvest information program
31. A disease in turkeys that is transmitted primarily by blood-feeding arthropods
34. When male ruffed grouse advertise their presence and define their territory, peaks in spring and fall.
36. Provides cover and from predators and brood habitat in the winter months.
37. Small tree seedlings that make great brood habitat in the winter months.

Across

2. The change in the size of a population due to birth rates, death rates and net migration rates.
5. To move into an area or region in order to settle down and live.
6. The number of live births per 1000 women (age 15–49) in the population, per year.
9. A medical procedure used to make a person unable to have children.
15. Where a family or people produce sufficient food for themselves, they do not have extra produce to sell.
19. The movement of peoples from one place in the world to another.
20. Industry that converts raw materials such as farming or mining products into products for sale. The manufacturing industry.
23. The number of males and females within different age groups in a given population.
24. Land or a climate that has little or no rainfall. It is too dry to support vegetation.
26. The study of how and why populations change in size and how they can be managed.
28. The way in which the population is spread out across a given area.
29. The number of deaths per thousand people in the population, per year.
30. People migrating out of a country.
31. The average age that a new-born child is expected to live to.
32. A policy that promotes human reproduction.
35. To leave one community or area in order to settle in another area.
36. 3 Human Population Keyword List
37. The difference between the birth rates and death rates, and the change in numbers due to migration, in a population.
38. The number of infant deaths for every 1000 live births, of children under the age of one.
39. The total dependency ratio is a measure of both the young (age 0 – 14 years) and old dependents (age 65 and older) added together to show their number versus the independent population (15 - 64 year olds). The ratio is expressed as the total number of dependents (young and old) per hundred people in the workforce.

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1. The number of people living in a square kilometre (or other unit of area).
3. A population with a high percentage of young people (15 years or younger).
4. industry such as mining, agriculture, fishing or forestry that is harvesting raw materials.
7. The average number of children born alive to a woman in her lifetime.
8. The number of children, per 1000 live births, that die under the age of five in a population in a year.
10. The number of live births per thousand people in the population, per year. Also known as the crude birth rate as it does not take age or gender into account.
11. The change in the size of a population due to birth and death rates.
12. The dependency ratio is the measure of the dependents (non-working) portion of the population (age groups 0-14 and 65+) compared to the total independent (working) portion of the population ( 15 - 64 years). The ratio is expressed as the number of dependents per hundred people in the workforce.
13. These are factors that are causing people to leave an area. They may include factors such as war, drought, floods or the lack of housing, food, education, jobs or a poor standard of living.
14. A policy that discourages human reproduction.
16. The rate at which the population replaces itself from one generation to the next (excluding migration).
17. When water soaks into soils, removing the minerals and nutrients and reducing their ability to support plant life.
18. A population with a high percentage of old people (aged 65 years or older).
21. The youth dependency ratio is a measure of the young dependents (age 0 – 14) in a population, people younger than the age of 15 in relation to the working–age population (15 - 64 years old) as a ratio.
22. The difference between the number of people entering a country (immigration) and the number of people leaving a country (emigration).
25. The old dependency ratio is the number of old dependents (age 65+) in a population, people older than 64 in relation to the working-age population (15 - 64 years old) as a ratio. The ratio is expressed as the total number of old dependents per hundred people in the workforce.
27. The difference between the birth rates and death rates in a population; natural increase differs from overallincrease.
33. People migrating into a country
34. The branch of medical care dealing with children and childhood diseases.

Across

5. Economic activity that is neither tased or monitored by a government. (CC)(6)
6. Categorization of humans based on skin color and other and other physical characteristics; based on the idea that some characteristics are more important than others. (CC)(3)
7. A crop or livestock system characterized by low inputs of labor per unit area of land. (CC)(5)
8. Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality migrated there. (IDK)(2)
9. The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place.(CC)(1)
11. Legislation and regulations to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland. (IDK)(7)
12. An area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government with control over its internal foreign affairs. This is important because it is apart of a nation that contributes to the political and economic factors of that nation. (VIT)(4)
16. Residential areas surrounding a city. (CC)(7)
18. The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate. This is important because it show the increase of the population within a country. (VIT)(2)
20. The accusation of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or from other long distance methods. (IDK)(1)
21. City around a beltway that is a node of consumer and business services. (CC)(7)
23. People who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return in fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion. (CC)(2)
26. A monotheistic religion centered on the life and teaching of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament of the Bible. This is important because Christianity is the largest religion in the world. (VIT)(3)
28. Activities that involve facilitating complex decision making and the advancement of human capacities. (IDK)(6)
29. Process of adopting only certain customs that will be to their advantage. (IDK)(3)
30. A linked system of processes that gather resources, convert them into goods, package them for distribution, and sell them on the market. (IDK)(5)
31. Someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee. (CC)(2)
32. The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers. (IDK)(5)
33. The restoration of run-down urban area by the middle class. This is important because it results in the displacement of lower income people. (VIT)(7)
34. A process of less dominant cultures losing their culture to a more dominant culture. (IDK)(3)
35. Drawing of lines on a map to identify areas in which banks will refuse to loan money. (IDK)(7)

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1. Affiliation or identity within a group of people bound by common ancestry and culture. (CC)(3)
2. Zones established by many countries in the periphery and the semi-periphery that offer favorable tax, regulatory, and trade arrangements to attract foreign trade investments. This is important because it is how countries exports their goods to other countries. (VIT)(6)
3. Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale, off the farm. (CC)(5)
4. A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data.(IDK)(1)
10. The extension of national power, authority, or influence to other countries or regions through polices of direct or indirect control. (IDK)(4)
13. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in a factory, commonly found prior to the Industrial Revolution. (CC)(6)
14. Indictor of a level of development for each country, combining literacy, education, and life expectancy. (IDK)(6)
15. The diminishing importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin. (CC)(1)
17. This is the population level that can be supported, given the quantity of food, water, and other life infrastructure present. (IDK)(2)
19. Incorporation, of a territory into another geo-political entity. (IDK)(4)
22. Fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group. This is the essence of how humans interact with nature. (VIT)(1)
24. The portion of the economy concern with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface. This is important because the extraction is generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry. (VIT)(5)
25. The process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the political party in power. (CC)(4)
27. The process of redrawing electoral district boundaries. (CC)(4)

Across

7. This is the population level that can be supported, given the quantity of food, water, and other life infrastructure present. (IDK)(2)
10. Residential areas surrounding a city. (CC)(7)
13. Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality migrated there. (IDK)(2)
16. An area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government with control over its internal foreign affairs. This is important because it is apart of a nation that contributes to the political and economic factors of that nation. (VIT)(4)
17. The restoration of run-down urban area by the middle class. This is important because it results in the displacement of lower income people. (VIT)(7)
18. Someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee. (CC)(2)
21. People who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return in fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion. (CC)(2)
22. Process of adopting only certain customs that will be to their advantage. (IDK)(3)
23. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in a factory, commonly found prior to the Industrial Revolution. (CC)(6)
25. A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data.(IDK)(1)
26. Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale, off the farm. (CC)(5)
29. Zones established by many countries in the periphery and the semi-periphery that offer favorable tax, regulatory, and trade arrangements to attract foreign trade investments. This is important because it is how countries exports their goods to other countries. (VIT)(6)
31. A linked system of processes that gather resources, convert them into goods, package them for distribution, and sell them on the market. (IDK)(5)
32. A monotheistic religion centered on the life and teaching of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament of the Bible. This is important because Christianity is the largest religion in the world. (VIT)(3)
33. Affiliation or identity within a group of people bound by common ancestry and culture. (CC)(3)
34. Drawing of lines on a map to identify areas in which banks will refuse to loan money. (IDK)(7)
35. City around a beltway that is a node of consumer and business services. (CC)(7)

Down

1. The portion of the economy concern with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface. This is important because the extraction is generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry. (VIT)(5)
2. Economic activity that is neither tased or monitored by a government. (CC)(6)
3. The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers. (IDK)(5)
4. Activities that involve facilitating complex decision making and the advancement of human capacities. (IDK)(6)
5. Incorporation, of a territory into another geo-political entity. (IDK)(4)
6. The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place.(CC)(1)
8. The process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the political party in power. (CC)(4)
9. The extension of national power, authority, or influence to other countries or regions through polices of direct or indirect control. (IDK)(4)
11. The accusation of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or from other long distance methods. (IDK)(1)
12. The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate. This is important because it show the increase of the population within a country. (VIT)(2)
14. Indictor of a level of development for each country, combining literacy, education, and life expectancy. (IDK)(6)
15. A crop or livestock system characterized by low inputs of labor per unit area of land. (CC)(5)
19. Legislation and regulations to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland. (IDK)(7)
20. The diminishing importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin. (CC)(1)
24. A process of less dominant cultures losing their culture to a more dominant culture. (IDK)(3)
27. Categorization of humans based on skin color and other and other physical characteristics; based on the idea that some characteristics are more important than others. (CC)(3)
28. The process of redrawing electoral district boundaries. (CC)(4)
30. Fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group. This is the essence of how humans interact with nature. (VIT)(1)

Across

1. A BOLD GOAL OF WOMEN TO GAIN THE RIGHT TO VOTE
3. BENJAMIN ________ 2ND PRESIDENT IN HISTORY TO LOSE POPULAR BUT WIN COLLEGE VOTE
5. HIS EFFORTS LEAD CONGRESS TO CREATE YOSEMITE
6. EARNED PHD FROM HARVARD
8. ________ BLANCES TARGETED AND BURNED DOWN HOUSES OF LARGE RANCH OWNERS
10. THIS RECLAMATION ACT GAVE GOVT. THE POWER TO DISTRIBUTE WATER WHERE AND HOW
11. ATTACDKING OR KILLING
13. CLAUSES THAT ALLOWS ONE TO VOTE AS LONG AS ANCESTORS DID PRIOR TO 1866
15. ____________ LINCOLN PRESIDENT OF GILDED AGE
17. THIS AMENDMENT PROHIBITED GOVT. FROM DENYING PEOPLE THE RIGHT TO VOTE
18. IDA B. ____:BLACK TEACHER THAT HELPED FORM NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF COLORADO WOMEN
21. QUESTIONED SUPPORTING FUNDRAISING DRIVE FOR BUILDING STATUE OF LIBERTY
23. FOOD AND DRUG ACT THAT WAS NOT TAINTED
25. ________ CHAPMAN CATT REENERGIZED THE NATIONAL SUFFRAGE
29. A LEAGUE THAT GAVE SPECIAL LABELS TO GOODS PRODUCED UNDER FAIR,SAFE AND HEALTHY CONDITIONS.
34. THIS ACT REGULATES WHAT ACTIVITIES BUSINESSES CANNOT DO THROUGH THE SHERMAN ANTITRUST ACT
36. __________HISPANO-AMERICANO PROTECTED MEXICAN-AMERICANS RIGHTS
38. LEAGUE THAT HUNDREDS OF GROUPS FROM DIFFERNT CITIES JOINED
39. ___________B HAYES; OWED HIS 1876 ELECTION WIN TO A SECRET DEAL
41. THIS ACT PLACED NATIONAL BANKS UNDER THE CONTROL OF THE FERDERAL RESERVE
44. _________ CLEVELAND HAD A REPUTATION OF INTEGRITY
46. HELPED TO FREE AFRICAN AMERICANS FROM PEONAGE
47. PROGRAM TO RESTORE GOVT. TRUSTFUNDING POWER
50. EFFORTS OF MANY PROGRESSIVES
52. JAMES WELLS RENAMED THIS NEWSPAPER
57. MEXICANS BORN IN AMERICA
59. VOTERS ABILITY TO REMOVE PUBLIC SERVENTS FROM OFFICE PRE TERM
60. A MOVEMENT LED BY THE W.C.T.U.
63. WOMENS CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE LEADER
67. A HOUSE/COMMUNITY CENTER. PROVIDED SOCIAL SERVICES TO URBAN POOR
68. AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMAN WHO FOUGHT FOR JUSTICE
69. GAVE THE ICC STRONG ENFORCEMENT POWERS
71. THIS AMENDMENT GAVE CONGRESS THE POWER TO DO ANYTHING
75. THIS COMMISSION EST. THE FTC TO MONITOR BUSINESS PRACTICES, FALSE ADVERTISING AND DISHONEST LABELING
76. THE "PEOPLES PARTY"
77. ABBREVIATION FOR THE ASSOCIATION THAT WORKED ON STATE/NATIONAL SIDES FOR WOMENS RIGHT TO VOTE
79. __________H.KELLEY:MINNESOTA FARMER
80. THIS AMMENDMENT STATED THE RIGHT TO VOTE CANNOT DISCRIMINATE BY GENDER
81. LAWS THAT KEPT BLACKS & WHITES SEGREGATED
82. THIS IS WILLIAM MARCY TWEED'S NICKNAME

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2. ________ TARRIF ACT:LOWERED TARRIFS OF IMPORTED GOODS AND EST. GRADUATED INCOME TAX
4. ANDREW JACKSON WAS THE FIRST ONE TO USE THIS SYSTEM
7. THIS AMENDMENT BANNED THE MAKING, SELLING AND TRANSPORTING OF ALCOHOL IN THE USA
9. INFLUENTIAL MUCKRAKER
12. TAXES VOTERS HAD TO PAY TO VOTE
13. BASIS OF THE NATIONS CURRENCY
14. THIS AMENDMENT DENIED CITIZENSHIP AND GUARANTEED EQUAL PROTECTION
16. THIS PARTY OF PEOPLE BOLTED FROM REPUBLICANS
19. A DEAL THAT IS NOT ROUND
20. IDA'S DAD
22. TOO FASCINATED WITH THE UGLIER SIDE
24. WILLIAM__________:A REPUBLICAN CANDIDATE WHO ACCUMULATED $15,000,000.00
26. WILLIAM JENNINGS_______LEAD SOME TO BELIEVE THEY COULD WIN THE WHITE HOUSE
27. DIRECT ________:ELECTION FOR NOMINEES TO BE CHOSEN BY CITIZENS FOR UPCOMING ELECTIONS
28. TESTS UNDERSTANDING
30. _______T. WASHINGTON:MOST FAMOUS BLACK LEADER DURING LATE 19TH CENTURY
31. A MILLION MEMBERS WERE ATTRACTED BY THIS
32. SHE BELIEVED WOMEN WERE HURT BY UNFAIR PRICES OF GOODS
33. ALLOWS CITIZENS TO APPROVE OR REJECT LAWS
35. THIS ACT OUTLAWED MONOPOLIES AND PRACTICES THAT RESTRAINED TRADE
37. ELIZABETH CADY _______ HELPED S.B.ANTHONY FORM THE SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION
40. INSPECTION ACT THAT GAVE AGENTS TO INSPECT IMPORTED MEAT
42. WAS N.A.W.S.A.'S BEST KNOW LEADER
43. DEFENDS JEWS
45. BOOKER T. _____:TOLD BLACKS TO MOVE SLOWLY TOWARDS RACIAL PROGRESS
48. MARK TWAIN COINED POST RECONSTUCTION ERA
49. MARGARET________ THOUGHT THAT WOMENS HEALTH/LIFE WOULD IMPROVE WITH FEWER CHILDREN
51. BOOK ABOUT CHRISITIANITY AND THE SOCIAL CRISIS
53. TEDDY WAS A 43 YEAR OLD PRESIDENT
54. A CIVIL SERVICE ACT THAT WROTE A CIVIL SERVICE EXAM
55. PLACED STRICT GOVT. CONTROLS ON CORPORATIONS
56. LEADING FIGURE IN THE SETTLEMENT OF URBAN POOR
58. A SYSTEM THAT INCLUDES FEDERAL JOBS IN THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH
61. GROUPS THAT MADE LOANS AND PROVIDED LEGAL ASSISTANCE
62. 1890'S MOVEMENT
64. THIS AMENDMENT INSTITUTED THE DIRECT ELECTION OF SENATORS BY THE PEOPLE OF EACH STATE
65. HELPS TO PUT A PROPOSED LAW DIRECTLY ON THE BALLOT
66. _________ STEFFENS LEAD THE MUCKRAKERS
70. _________ WILSON WON THE WHITEHOSE AFTER THE PROGRESSIVE PARTY SPLIT
72. A MOVEMENT THAT IS NOT A WATERFALL BUT DENOUNCED GRADUAL PROGRESS
73. THIS GIFFORD LEAD THE DIVISION OF FORESTRY
74. THIS ACT IMPOSED FINES AND RAILROADS THAT GAVE SPECIAL RATES TO FAVORED SHIPPERS
78. _______ B. ANTHONY FOUGHT FOR WOMENS RIGHTS TO VOTE

Across

1. The National ___ Service was a federal agency established in 1916. Protects and manages national parks, monuments, and reservations that had been set aside for natural, scenic, and historic values and leave them unimpaired for future generations.
5. The ___ ___ ___ is a federal agency established in 1970 that currently resides in Washington, D.C. that implements environmental law by writing regulations. (acronym)
7. What animal went extinct as the US Army tried to starve out existence of Native Americans?
8. President of the United States who tweeted that global warming is a hoax
12. Which community was eventually evacuated due to high concentrations of toxic waste found in the water and soil of the neighborhood?
13. The National ___ Act was backed by Roosevelt in 1902 and federally funded construction of dams, reservoirs, and canals.
17. The O’____ Dam of the Tuolumne River in Hetch Hetchy Valley that preservationists were fiercely opposed to building. It was proposed in 1909 and became a reservoir in 1913.
20. What organization did John Muir find?
21. What piece of land in Dauphin County, PA, had a nuclear accident?
22. Which organisation was created by President Nixon to balance the interests of the environment and industry? (acronym)
25. What Ohio river caught on fire due to pollution?
27. Idea that called for preserving scenic nature.
28. President _____ founded the EPA.
29. The ____ ____ Act established the basic structure for regulating pollutant discharges into the waters of the United States.
31. What national park is in the west US and is internationally recognized for its cliffs, waterfalls, and other natural features?
34. Which Mexican American immigrant worker and leader of the United Farm Worker's Union brought awareness to the health problems that farmworkers suffered due to chemical exposure?
35. What non profit organization was created in 1970 at NYC to defend natural resources and advocate for the environment?
36. The ___ ___ Act protects air quality and is designed to control national air pollution.
38. The ____ Act was signed by Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964 to recognize wilderness as an area where the ecosystem is untouched by humans and that “man himself is a visitor who does not remain.”
40. Man who was a utilitarian conservationist and the Chief of Forestry

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2. What chemical was used extensively during the Vietnam War by Americans to destroy foliage and later came under harsh attack from critics?
3. Man who favored the preservation of scenic wilderness areas and led the “Back to Nature” movement. Also founded the Sierra Club in 1862.
4. Idea that called for federal supervision of resources and preservation for future generations, and resources were meant to be used through management.
6. What advisory panel did John F. Kennedy establish because he was concerned about the use of DDT?
9. Book written by Rachel Carson that uncovered the negative effects of pesticides
10. The National ____ Service was established in 1916 by Woodrow Wilson and is a federal agency that manages resources including timber, wildlife, recreation, range and water.
11. The ____ ____ Act was signed in 1973 and conserves endangered species.
14. In what month in 1970 was the first Earth Day celebrated?
15. What happened in the MidWest after Great Plains farmers had a great demand for timber?
16. The ____ Era was of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress towards a better society.
18. What technique was used to extract minerals by blasting mountain sides and using high pressure water hoses, destroying entire ecosystems?
19. He was a President of the United States who was sympathetic to the conservationist movement and enacted changes.
23. The Inland _____ Commission was established in 1907 and studied the relation of rivers, soil, forest, waterpower development, and water transportation.
24. Television personality nicknamed ___ ___ ___, lamented about pollution and also was an actor who portrayed Native Americans in Hollywood films.
26. What type bear was last sighted in 1924?
30. The Passenger ______ went extinct after the last one died in 1914 at the Cincinnati zoo.
32. Last name of a professor who wrote “The Population Bomb” in 1968
33. The Wildlife Habit ____ Act protects 3.4 million acres of upland and wetlands, or one third of all wildlife habit in the agricultural region, in its natural state
37. The ____ Act was a piece of legislation enacted in 1902 that funded irrigation projects from the proceeds of the sale of federal lands in the West.
39. Which act created in the 1970s protected endangered species and their habitats? (acronym)

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4. University, officially William Marsh Rice University, is a private research university in Houston, Texas, United States. It sits on a 300-acre campus adjacent to the Houston Museum District and the Texas Medical Center. Rice University comprises eight schools of academic study, including School of Humanities, School of Social Sciences, Jesse H. Jones Graduate School of Business,
7. is the federal land-grant institution of New York State, a private endowed university, a member of the Ivy League/Ancient Eight, and a partner of the State University of New York. The Ivy League school's nearly 26,285 students can select undergraduate, graduate, and professional courses from more than 15 colleges and schools.
8. College is an educational institution that offers undergraduate and graduate programs in the fields of Humanities & Fine Arts, Natural Sciences, and Social Sciences. The programs offered by the university include arts, music, biology, chemistry, politics, history, sociology, mathematics, music, economics, philosophy, and public affairs
10. University of Massachusetts Amherst College of Education is a college at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Began in 1906 as the Department of Agricultural Education, changing its name to the Department of Education in 1932, and was organized as the School of Education starting in 1955. The school was first accredited in 1962
11. College is an educational and research institute that offers undergraduate programs in business administration, arts, sciences, medicine, and engineering. Dartmouth College was founded in 1769 and is based in Hanover, New Hampshire
13. University is an educational and research institution. The institution offers undergraduate, graduate and professional, and summer session courses. It focuses on art and science, social science, engineering, journalism, law, management, medicine, music, medicine, and performing arts studies.
16. University, a North Carolina nonprofit corporation, is a private, coeducational institution located primarily in Durham, North Carolina, which owns and operates educational and research facilities (the University). Duke University Health System, Inc. (DUHS), a North Carolina nonprofit corporation, is a controlled affiliate of the University.
18. university is an educational institution that offers undergraduate, graduate, professional, and research programs in the fields of arts, science, medicine, business, design, and public health
19. University in St. Louis is a private research university in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. Founded in 1853, the university is named after George Washington, the first president of the United States. Washington University comprises eight undergraduate, graduate, and professional schools, including Arts and Sciences, George Warren Brown School, Olin Business School,

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1. Institute of Technology private land-grant research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Established in 1861, MIT has played a significant role in the development of many areas of modern technology and science. F
2. College is an educational institution, which focuses on liberal arts including humanities, sciences, and social sciences. It offers programs such as anthropology and sociology, art, astronomy, astrophysics, biology, chemistry, dance, economics, English, linguistics, psychology, religion, romance languages, geosciences, geosciences, German, history, and history of science
3. University is an educational and research institution that provides academic programs in arts and sciences. The university offers undergraduate, graduate, doctorate, and professional education. It focuses on areas such as anthropology, architecture, chemistry, computer science, biology, neuroscience, economics, geosciences, operations researc
5. University an educational and research institution that provides academic programs in sciences and interdisciplinary areas. The university offers graduate, undergraduate, executive, professional, continuing, and K-12 education. It focuses on areas such as earth sciences, engineering, humanities and sciences, business, education, law, and medicine.
6. of Pennsylvania is a higher educational institution that offers educational services primarily for students at undergraduate, graduate, professional, and postdoctoral levels. The institution also performs research, training, and other services under grants, contracts, and similar agreements with sponsoring organizations primarily departments and agencies of the United States
9. University an educational institution, provides higher education services to primarily students and trainees at undergraduate, graduate, and postdoctoral levels worldwide. It offers academic courses and programs in the fields of divinity, law, arts and culture, music, forestry and environmental studies, nursing, drama, management, medicine, public health, business, architecture
10. California Institute of Technology is a private research university in Pasadena, California. The university is responsible for many modern scientific advances and is among a small group of institutes of technology in the United States that are devoted to the instruction of pure and applied sciences. The institution was founded as a preparatory and vocational school by Amos G.
12. University, officially Columbia University in the City of New York, is a private, Ivy League, research university in New York City. Established in 1754 as King's College on the grounds of Trinity Church in Manhattan, it is the oldest institution of higher education in New York and the fifth-oldest in the United States.
14. University of Chicago ranks among the world's most esteemed major universities. The private institution has an enrollment of about 7,655 undergraduate and approximately 10,870 graduate students. The undergraduate branch offers a core liberal arts curriculum and majors in about 55 majors and over 45 minor areas.
15. Wilmer Eye Institute, a health care system, educates medical students, scientists, health care professionals and the public. It also conducts biomedical research; and provides patient-centered medicine to prevent, diagnose, and treat human illness. In addition
17. University is an educational and research institute that provides graduate and postgraduate programs in humanities and social sciences, music, art, medicine, architecture, and archaeology. Brown University was founded in 1764 and is based in Providence, Rhode Island

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3. The maximal harvest of a particular renewable natural resource that can be accomplished while still keeping the resource available for the future.
4. A category of forest defined by its predominant tree species.
7. forest certification
9. Timber harvesting approach that leaves small numbers of mature trees in place to provide shelter for seedlings as they grow.
10. The practice of burning areas of forest or grassland under carefully controlled conditions to improve the health of ecosystems, return them to a more natural state, reduce fuel loads, and help prevent uncontrolled catastrophic fires.
12. Strategic decision making about how to extract resources, so that resources are used wisely and conserved for the future.
13. A dead tree that is still standing.
15. A location internationally designated by the United Nations for its cultural or natural value.
16. Theory initially applied to oceanic islands to explain how species come to be distributed among them.
17. A transaction in which a conservation organization pays off a portion of a developing nation’s international debt in exchange for a promise by the nation to set aside reserves, fund environmental education, and better manage protected areas.
20. The removal of dead trees following a natural disturbance.
22. The systematic testing of different management approaches to improve methods over time.
23. The layer of a forest consisting of small shrubs and trees above the forest floor and below the subcanopy, usually shaded by foliage above it.
24. The middle level of trees in a forest, beneath the canopy.
28. Abbreviation for “single large or several small.” The debate over whether it is better to make reserves large in size and few in number or many in number but small in size.
29. A proposed international program, still being developed, to encourage the conservation of forests globally for the purpose of reducing greenhouse gas emissions to control climate change.
30. Federal land that is designated off-limits to development of any kind but is open to public recreation, such as hiking, nature study, and other activities that have minimal impact on the land.
33. A graph showing how number of species varies with the geographic area of a landmass or water body.
34. Natural forest uncut by people.
36. A type of concession in which a conservation organization purchases the right to prevent resource extraction in an area of land, generally to preserve habitat in developing nations.
37. An impact on organisms, populations, or communities that results because conditions along the edge of a habitat fragment differ from conditions in the interior.
39. A 2001 Clinton administration executive order that put 31% of national forest land off-limits to road construction or maintenance.
41. An area of public land set aside to serve as a haven for wildlife and also sometimes to encourage hunting, fishing, wildlife observation, photography, environmental education, and other uses.
42. The attempt to manage the harvesting of resources in ways that minimize impact on the ecosystems and ecological processes that provide the resources.
43. Legislation passed by the U.S. Congress in 1976, mandating that plans for renewable resource management be drawn up for every national forest.

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1. The upper level of tree leaves and branches in a forest.
2. A region where urban or suburban development meets forested or undeveloped lands.
5. A local or regional organization that preserves lands valued by its members.
6. Any ecosystem characterized by a high density of trees.
8. The professional management of forests.
11. Term describing stands consisting of trees of different ages.
14. A tract of land with exceptional biodiversity that couples preservation with sustainable development to benefit local people.
18. An area of forested public land managed by the U.S. Forest Service.
19. The harnessing of timber by cutting all the trees in an area.
21. A passageway of protected land established to allow animals to travel between islands of protected habitat.
25. The right to extract a resource, granted by a government to a corporation.
26. Forest that has grown back after primary forest has been cut.
27. Timber harvesting approach that leaves small numbers of mature and vigorous seed-producing trees standing so that they can reseed a logged area.
31. A principle guiding management policy for national forests specifying that forests be managed for recreation, wildlife habitat, mineral extraction, water quality, and other uses, as well as for timber extraction.
32. The clearing and loss of forests.
35. Method of timber harvesting whereby single trees or groups of trees are selectively cut while others are left, creating an uneven-aged stand.
38. A scenic area set aside for recreation and enjoyment by the public and managed by the National Park Service.
40. A set of ecosystem-based management approaches for harvesting timber that explicitly mimic natural disturbances.

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8. How resources, activities, and human demographic features of landscapes are arranged across the earth. This unit uses this term to understand how political entities are located and how they function. (4 VIT)
13. An ethnic group can no longer be distinguished from the receiving group (3 CC)
14. Two cultures come in contact and the result is a new culture (3 IDK)
15. Process in which US House of representative seats are reallocated to different states based off population change (4 IDK)
16. The interaction between two locales declines as the distance between them increases (1 CC)
18. The study of human population and population growth. This is the method in which the data for this unit is measured and identified. (2 VIT)
24. Forceful extension of a nation’s authority by conquest or by establishing economic and political domination of other nations that are not its colonies. (4 CC)
25. Happens when one company controls all aspects of its production processes. (5 IDK)
27. Someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee. (2 CC)
28. The physical distance between two places. Used as the basic unit of classifying why things are where they are which is the basis of Human Geography (1 VIT)
29. The unit Is centered around urban growth and its different forms. This comes in multiple forms throughout the course, for example Urban development and growth of the suburbs. The process by which people live and are employed in a city. (6 VIT)
32. A type of urban development that seeks to encourage local community development and sustainable growth in an urban area. (6 CC)
35. The name of a place (1 IDK)

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1. A model that reflects how society uses land for agriculture. The entire unit talks about the different types of agriculture and its spatial distribution around the world. This reflects exactly that on a more local scale. (5 VIT)
2. The practice of exporting U.S. jobs to lower paid employees in other nations. (7 CC)
3. When people within a place start to produce an aspect of pop culture themselves in the context of their local culture and making it their own. (3 IDK)
4. A system where the government, rather than the free market, determines what goods should be produced, how much and the price. (7 IDK)
5. The very poorest part of cities that in extreme cases are not even connected to city services and are controlled by gangs and drug lords. (6 IDK)
6. The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, because of improved communications and transportation systems. (1 CC)
7. The development of industries for the machine production of goods. This reshaped the world that we live in by jumpstarting wide scale commercialism and creating disparity in the development of countries (7 VIT)
9. A scattered population whose origins lie in a separate geographic locale. (2 IDK)
10. A group perceived identification with a particular region (1 IDK)
11. The value of the output of goods and services produced in a country in a year including money that leaves and enters the country (7 IDK)
12. A group of individuals who share a common temporal demographic experience. (2 IDK)
17. A complex social institution which governs the relationship among people with regard to assets such as land, water bodies, and forests. (6 IDK)
19. This results in a loss of biodiversity and other environmental issues when water is removed from a wet ecosystem. (5 IDK)
20. A process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class owner-occupied area. (6 CC)
21. The process by which one nation exercises near complete control over another country which they have settled and taken over. (4 CC)
22. The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth’s surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry. (5 CC)
23. An ethnic group moving to a new area adopts the values and practices of the larger group that has received them while still maintaining major elements of their own culture. (3 CC)
26. The shared practices, technology, attitudes, and behavior transmitted by a society. The entire unit is centered around this and analyzes exactly this term and what it means for different people in different areas as well as how it affects the geopolitical landscape. (3 VIT)
30. Establishments primarily engaged in growing crops, raising animals, and harvesting fish and other animals from a farm, ranch, or their natural habitats. (5 CC)
31. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.(7 CC)
33. People who are being forced to leave their traditional lands due to persecution or material hardship within their society.(2 CC)
34. A majority ethnic group wants to claim territory from a neighboring state due to a shared culture with the people residing across the border. (4 IDK)

Across

1. _______________________ were passed after pressure by Progressives restricting work hours, age restrictions, safer working conditions, and restrictions on hours and occupations women could work.
6. This Phrase in the Plessy v Ferguson decision, "____________________________" made segregation and Jim Crow legislation in the south legal.
7. President Teddy Roosevelt’s Chief of Forestry who influenced the President’s conservationist views. ______________________________________.
8. This American naturalist, _____________________, heavily influenced the conservationist views of Teddy Roosevelt.
12. ________________________ movement begun under President Teddy Roosevelt’s administration, emphasized conservation of our natural resources, ending wasteful use of raw materials, and the reclamation of neglected land.
14. People known as ________________________ called for federal supervision of the nation’s resources and the preservation of those resources for future generations, and inspired the conservation movement of today.
15. This 1896 Supreme Court Case brought by Homer Plessy, _____________________________________________________, stated that segregation was lawful as long as the separate facilities and services were equal.
19. This Socialist Muckraker, _________________________, whose 1906 novel, The Jungle, exposed the sickening working and sanitary conditions of the meatpacking industry, causing reform in the food industry.
21. Term originated by President Teddy Roosevelt that praised journalists for their role in uncovering corruption and problems often hidden from society_________________________________
23. _____________ Food & Drug Act passed by congress in 1906 in response to the grossly negligent meat processing industry exposed by Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle and led to the creation of the FDA (Food & Drug Administration).
24. 17th Constitutional __________________passed in 1913 that established that US Senators would be elected directly by the people of the state, rather than state legislatures.
25. He was the first black Ph.D. to graduate from Harvard and rejected segregation, believing that blacks must be politically, legally, and socially active in order to obtain true equality and was instrumental in founding the NAACP ______________________________________
26. A ___________________________ is a small, low income apartment in inner cities lived in and often shared by multiple families with cramped spaces, filthy conditions, and dangerous hazards.
27. State government action during the Progressive Era giving the voters the ability to vote on state laws by ballot, and having to pass by majority is known as a ______________________.
29. State government action during the progressive era that allowed the citizens of a state to force a vote on a certain issue without having to wait for public officials to bring it up, through petition, compelling the legislature to address their concern was called an ____________________.
30. This social worker , _________________________, opened Hull House in Chicago in 1889 to help poor and immigrant populations around the United States.

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2. State government action during the Progressive Era giving the voters the power to hold special elections to remove corrupt officials from office before their term is up is known as a __________________.
3. In the south following reconstruction, __________________________ was a policy where whites and blacks were not allowed to share public spaces (railway cars, restaurant dining rooms, public facilities, schools)
4. First established in Chicago by Jane Addams, ________________________________ were settlement houses offering assistance to immigrants and underprivileged citizens and fought for education and fought for new child labor laws.
5. The political orientation of those who favor progress toward better conditions in government and society is called ___________________________________.
9. The _____________ Waterways Commission was appointed in 1907 to study the relation of rivers, soil, forest, waterpower development, and water transportation.
10. This field of Journalism begun by Ida Tarbell when she published a series of magazine articles exposing the unfair business practices of Standard Oil. _______________________
11. The ___________________ Conservation Commission was a 1909 group charged with drawing up long-range plans for conserving natural resources.
13. A person believing in moderate political change and social improvement through political action is called __________________________.
16. Theodore "Teddy" _____________________ was the influential 26th President whose administration is known for imperialism, passing labor reforms and food reforms, and began the Conservation Movement.
17. The _____________________________ movement in the late 1800’s/early 1900’s where brave, outspoken journalists and progressives worked towards moderate positive changes in politics and society.
18. A Muckraker from Denmark, ___________________________, exposed the horrible working & living conditions of immigrants in America, contributing to New York passing its first laws aimed at improving urban tenements.
20. This Muckraker's articles exposing the unfair business practices of Standard Oil marked the beginning of Investigative Journalism _____________________________
21. The ____________________________ Act passed by Congress in 1906 in response to The Jungle mandated that meat products sold for food be processed under sanitary conditions and inspected.
22. This organization inspired by W.E.B. DuBois, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People or _________________, devoted itself to the progress of the African American community, and remains a prominent political voice in the African-American community today.
28. The _______________________Act of 1902, also known as the National Reclamation Act, funded federal irrigation projects in the desert West, dams, and canals to manage water resources for agriculture and settlement.

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4. Is a for-profit business owned by numerous shareholders who enjoy limited liability. That is, individual shareholders are not responsible for the debts of the business.
6. Goals an organisation would like to accomplish. They may be somewhat broad, optimistic and imprecise.
10. The Output is the good or service that has been obtained after a productive process in which a number of factors have intervened.
11. Any individual or group that affects an organisation or is affected by it.
12. Involves the delivery of services such as education, health care, travel and tourism, entertainment and home and car repair services.
13. Involve individual shopkeepers who form cooperatives to better negotiate with the suppliers of the products sold in their stores.
14. The person or company receiving a good, service, product or idea, in exchange for money or other valuable item.
15. Are the people needed to run the business. They include managers and employees, as well as a more abstract element, called enterprise.
16. The use of strategic and creative thinking that inspires people to meet challenges and accomplish defined goals.
17. Set of assets available to a person, especially in the form of money.
18. Are the funds needed to set up and invest in a business and keep it running on a daily basis.
21. Is the ability of a leader or manager to give employees minimal direction and large amounts of freedom to make decisions and find their own methods of accomplishing objectives.
23. Is a plan, approach, or scheme for achieving an aim or objective. Strategies are generally considered to involve important decisions that may be risky and are taken by senior management.
24. Set up by consumers in order to benefit from lower prices, better service, or both.
25. Are physical products that are tangible, meaning they can be touched.
27. Are owned by a relatively small number of shareholders, who may find it difficult to sell their shares if they wish to 'cash out' and use the funds for another purpose.
29. Includes all those organisations that are owned and operated by either the central government or local governments (municipalities), or their agencies.
31. Are arrangements whereby the public sector enlists the help of a private sector organisation in order to meet its objectives more efficiently. PPPs often involve large infrastructure projects.
32. Is the process of setting up a new business.
34. This function can go by several different labels: Accounting Department, Finance Department, Bookkeeping (in small businesses), among others.
37. A person who is the exclusive owner of a business, entitled to keep all profits after tax has been paid but liable for all losses.
39. Are those physical, fináncial and human resources.
40. Includes all those organisations that are owned by individuals or groups of individuals

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1. Is characterised by inclusiveness. Employees feel validated and are encouraged to share their ideas, participating in the decision-making process
2. the work of directing a business organisation resources.
3. A written expression of an organisation’s long-term ambitions that it hopes to realise in the future. It is often an optimistic view of what the organisation hopes to accomplish.
5. Are the sort of organisation many of us think of when we think of business.
7. Broad category of non-profit organisations that have a purpose or mission to benefit society or the environment.
8. Is the ability of a leader or manager to adjust their style of leadership to fit the task or situation that they find themselves in.
9. Includes services related to the development and use of data and information. It is a new term and is usually considered as a subset of another sector
19. Make financial services available to individuals whose needs would otherwise not be met by traditional financial institutions like banks.
20. Is the ability of a leader or manager to make decisions with little or no outside input. Instead, autocratic leaders rely on their own ideas and instincts when making decisions.
22. Involves transforming raw materials into finished or semi-finished products. It includes construction, processing and manufacturing
26. Involves extracting raw material from the earth. It includes activities such as agriculture, fishing, forestry, and mining for minerals, metals, and oil.
28. Set of techniques and studies that aim to improve the commercialization of a product.
30. What is the name of the person who designs, launches and starts a business, based on an innovation.
33. Concrete targets an organisation sets for itself. They may be formulated in order to accomplish wider aims, and can be developed using the acronym SMART.
35. Are non-profit organisations that exist to benefit the public. Charities enjoy tax advantages under UK law.
36. Are intangible products that cannot be touched.
38. Is an approach or scheme for achieving an aim or objective. Compared to strategies, tactics usually involve fewer resources and may be less risky.

Across

9. Islands of the central and south pacific, collectively
11. Band of connecting nerve fibers in the brain
12. Operatic solo
13. Capital of Latvia
14. Home state of baseball’s Marlins: Abbr.
15. Free _____ (poetry that does not follow a fixed meter)
18. “The comedy of ____” (Shakespeare tragedy)
20. Unit of electric current, informally
21. American revolution general benedict who became a traitor in 1780
24. Lines at which surfaces of a solid object meet
26. Figures with ten sides and ten angles
27. _________ cell (cell that gives rise to cells that differentiate further into one or more specialized types)
28. 17th-century London theatre for Shakespeare’s acting company
31. “My way” singer Frank
32. Fantastically zealous
33. Greek “T”
34. _______ Sea (waters between Europe and Asia)
39. Clean thoroughly
40. “Julius _____” (Shakespeare tragedy)
41. Give off, as fumes
42. “The Grapes of Wrath” author John
44. Like an integer that can be evenly divided by no other whole number than itself or 1
45. Andrew _____ Webber
48. verb Word that establishes the identity between subject and complement, such as “be” or “seem” (2 words)
49. Horse or pig sound
52. Green coloring matter of leaves
53. Game in which players try to achieve world domination
54. Lancelot Round Table knight who loved Queen Guinevere: 2 wds
58. Drinks through a straw
59. Sea bounded by western Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily
61. “Rain ______” (Best picture 1988)
63. Novel in which the generations of a family are chronicled in a long narrative
65. With regard to punishment
66. Seed’s development into a plant
69. ________ Sea (waters off Singaraja, Indonesia)
70. New Orleans team that won Super Bowl XLIV in 2010
71. Forming irregular, broken waves, as the sea
73. Mattress component
75. Doll that’s Barbie’s boyfriend
76. Portable wind instrument with a keyboard
78. Main component of chromosomes
79. Michael Jackson’s music category
83. Early Peruvian Indian
84. American pop artist who painted soup cans and coke bottles
86. Shrivel, as a dying flower
87. “_____ the king’s men” (best picture of 1949)
88. Flowerless plant that often grows around a tree trunk
90. Produces flowers
91. Unit of length equal to 5,280 feet
93. Mark used to note an abrupt break in a sentence

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1. Ichthyophobia
2. James ____ Ray (suspected assassin of MLK Jr., captured in 1968)
3. Shakespeare tragedy in which three witches repeat the line “Double, double toil and trouble”
4. Number of passengers, as on an airplane
5. Luggage attachments
6. Seemingly endless time periods
7. Plants of a particular region
8. One of the great lakes
9. “1984” author George ______
10. State flower of Tennessee
14. Process of establishing and managing woodlands
16. County in southeast England
17. Long poetic compositions usually centered upon heroes
19. Tiny pores in plants through which water vapor passes
20. Farmland unit
22. “The bridge on the ______ Kwai” (best picture 1957)
23. “The Scarlet Letter” author Nathaniel
25. Civil war union general who later became president of the United States
29. “Full House” actress Loughlin
30. _____ Continental Congress (American Revolution group in session in 1774)
35. Large, impressive group
36. New york city sports stadium
37. Wiener schnitzel meat
38. Number of basketballers playing in a game at any one time
40. Russian-born painter in france whose subjects included dreams and Russian folklore (last name)
42. Geometric figure that may be thought of as a piece of pie
43. Secondary meaning of a word in addition to its explicit meaning
46. Spanish surrealist Salvador who painted wilting watches
47. Twain “The adventures of huckleberry finn” author (2 words)
50. Neither here ____ there
51. Music written for a Broadway show
55. Length-times-width measurement
56. Involving a quantity that is squared but not raised to a higher power
57. Test Voting requirement that became illegal after congress passed illegal after congress passed the voting rights act of 1965 (2 words)
58. Play in which a quarterback runs forward with the ball instead
60. Jackie who was the first African-American player in the MLB
62. Broadway show based entirely on percussion and dance
64. X, Y or Z, in a coordinate system
67. Organization formed in 1910 whose goal is the end of racial discrimination and segregation
68. ___ a dime (make an assist, in basketball slang)
69. Failure of a pitcher to complete a motion
72. _________ matter (delicate, fibrous membrane covering the brain)
74. Country west of the South China Sea
77. Substance between the cell membrane and nucleus that contains organelles
79. Treaty of _____ (1783 agreement that ended the American Revolution)
80. Capital of Kenya
81. Ali Three-time heavyweight champion known as The Greatest (2 words)
82. Name in many elevators
85. 820-mile European river
89. “___ American cousin” Play Lincoln was watching when he was assassinated
92. ____ of 10,000 Lakes (nickname for Minnesota)
94. Dress worn by hindu women

Across

2. Seemingly endless time periods
7. Drinks through a straw
9. One of the great lakes
10. Long poetic compositions usually centered upon heroes
12. Unit of electric current, informally
18. Like an integer that can be evenly divided by no other whole number than itself or 1
19. Failure of a pitcher to complete a motion
20. Luggage attachments
22. Treaty of _____ (1783 agreement that ended the American Revolution)
25. ________ Sea (waters off Singaraja, Indonesia)
28. State flower of Tennessee
31. Ali Three-time heavyweight champion known as The Greatest (2 words)
33. Plants of a particular region
34. Jackie who was the first African-American player in the MLB
35. Lines at which surfaces of a solid object meet
37. Substance between the cell membrane and nucleus that contains organelles
39. Andrew _____ Webber
42. _________ cell (cell that gives rise to cells that differentiate further into one or more specialized types)
43. Secondary meaning of a word in addition to its explicit meaning
45. Process of establishing and managing woodlands
47. “1984” author George ______
48. James ____ Ray (suspected assassin of MLK Jr., captured in 1968)
49. “The Grapes of Wrath” author John
52. “___ American cousin” Play Lincoln was watching when he was assassinated
54. verb Word that establishes the identity between subject and complement, such as “be” or “seem” (2 words)
55. “Julius _____” (Shakespeare tragedy)
58. Portable wind instrument with a keyboard
64. Forming irregular, broken waves, as the sea
65. Number of basketballers playing in a game at any one time
66. 820-mile European river
67. Russian-born painter in france whose subjects included dreams and Russian folklore (last name)
69. Capital of Latvia
70. Figures with ten sides and ten angles
71. Horse or pig sound
74. Play in which a quarterback runs forward with the ball instead
75. Number of passengers, as on an airplane
77. Capital of Kenya
78. Large, impressive group
81. _______ Sea (waters between Europe and Asia)
84. Flowerless plant that often grows around a tree trunk
86. Length-times-width measurement
89. “The bridge on the ______ Kwai” (best picture 1957)
90. “Full House” actress Loughlin
91. New Orleans team that won Super Bowl XLIV in 2010
92. Home state of baseball’s Marlins: Abbr.
93. Wiener schnitzel meat
96. Clean thoroughly
97. Neither here ____ there

Down

1. Ichthyophobia
3. Broadway show based entirely on percussion and dance
4. Give off, as fumes
5. Doll that’s Barbie’s boyfriend
6. Twain “The adventures of huckleberry finn” author (2 words)
8. Early Peruvian Indian
11. Music written for a Broadway show
13. _________ matter (delicate, fibrous membrane covering the brain)
14. “My way” singer Frank
15. County in southeast England
16. Spanish surrealist Salvador who painted wilting watches
17. Involving a quantity that is squared but not raised to a higher power
20. Greek “T”
21. Civil war union general who later became president of the United States
22. With regard to punishment
23. Unit of length equal to 5,280 feet
24. Seed’s development into a plant
26. Produces flowers
27. Shakespeare tragedy in which three witches repeat the line “Double, double toil and trouble”
29. Game in which players try to achieve world domination
30. New york city sports stadium
32. Test Voting requirement that became illegal after congress passed illegal after congress passed the voting rights act of 1965 (2 words)
36. 17th-century London theatre for Shakespeare’s acting company
38. Islands of the central and south pacific, collectively
40. Main component of chromosomes
41. Dress worn by hindu women
43. Green coloring matter of leaves
44. Sea bounded by western Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily
46. Operatic solo
50. Country west of the South China Sea
51. American pop artist who painted soup cans and coke bottles
53. “The Scarlet Letter” author Nathaniel
56. Tiny pores in plants through which water vapor passes
57. Free _____ (poetry that does not follow a fixed meter)
59. Mark used to note an abrupt break in a sentence
60. Name in many elevators
61. ___ a dime (make an assist, in basketball slang)
62. _____ Continental Congress (American Revolution group in session in 1774)
63. Geometric figure that may be thought of as a piece of pie
64. Mattress component
68. American revolution general benedict who became a traitor in 1780
72. “The comedy of ____” (Shakespeare tragedy)
73. Shrivel, as a dying flower
75. Band of connecting nerve fibers in the brain
76. Farmland unit
79. Fantastically zealous
80. X, Y or Z, in a coordinate system
82. “Rain ______” (Best picture 1988)
83. Michael Jackson’s music category
85. Novel in which the generations of a family are chronicled in a long narrative
87. “_____ the king’s men” (best picture of 1949)
88. Organization formed in 1910 whose goal is the end of racial discrimination and segregation
94. ____ of 10,000 Lakes (nickname for Minnesota)
95. Lancelot Round Table knight who loved Queen Guinevere: 2 wds

Across

1. A relatively short-term feeling of disorientation and discomfort due to the lack of familiar cues in the environment. (3 IDK)
4. an area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government with control over its internal foreign affairs. (4 CC)
6. Population of various age categories in a population pyramid. (2 IDK)
7. The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture. (2 CC)
8. An internal organization of a state that places most power in the hand of a central government officials. (4 CC)
9. The core-periphery idea that the core houses main economic power of region and the outlying region or periphery houses lesser economic ties. (3 VIT)
11. Explains that a city grows outward from a central area in a series of concentric rings, like the growth rings on a tree.
12. An index of income related to GDP. (5 IDK)
14. The portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials. (5 CC)
15. A mixed-use or residential area, existing either as part of a city or urban area or as a separate residential community within commuting distance of a city. (7 CC)
17. This is when the projection population show exponential growth; sometimes shape as a j-curve. This is important because if our population grows exponentially our resource use will go up exponentially and so will our use as well as a greater demand for food and more. (2 VIT)
19. A region controlled by a city and that has sovereignty. (4 IDK)
21. Core countries have high levels of development, a capacity at innovation and a convergence of trade flows. This is important because Periphery countries usually have less development and are poorer countries. (4 VIT)
23. Is an improved form of tertiary sector as it involves the services related to the knowledge sector, which includes the demand for the information- based services like taking the consultancy from tax managers, statisticians and software developers. (6 CC)
24. The number of farmers per unit area of arable land. (2 CC)
27. A boundary that separates regions in which different languages usages predominate. (3 IDK)
29. The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation system. (1 CC)
32. The portion of the economy concern with the direct extraction of materials from earths surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry. (5 CC)
33. Changing of an animal to be adapted for human use, including selling or using for byproducts. (6 IDK)
34. The physical environment may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to adjust their environmental. (1 IDK)
35. Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizer. This is important because, because of this revolution agricultural productivity at a global scale has increased faster than the population. (6 VIT)

Down

2. The notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape. (1 IDK)
3. A rural settlement in which the houses and farm building of each family are situated closest to each other and fields surrounding the settlement. (7 IDK)
5. When agencies such as the world bank make a deal with third world countries that they will cancel their debt if the country will set aside a certain amount of their natural resources. (6 IDK)
10. An increase in the percentage of the number of people living in densely populated settlements. (7 VIT)
13. The total number of people divided by the total land area.This is important because we need to know the density of how many people per land.(1 VIT)
16. Are services that focus on the creation, re-arrangement and interpretation of new and existing ideas; data interpretation and the use and evaluation of new technologies. (6 CC)
18. States that LDC's tend to have a higher dependency ratio, the ratio of the number of people under 15 or over 64 to the number in the labor force. This is important because Dependency theory is a big thing in the world. (5 VIT)
20. Refers to the economic control that MDCs are sometimes believed to have over LDCs. (5 IDK)
22. The rapid widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population. (3 CC)
25. Refers to people who advocate population control programs, to ensure resources for current and future populations. (2 IDK)
26. The spread of one feature from one place to another in a snowballing process. The idea moves outward from hearth, expanding. (3 CC)
28. The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin. (1 CC)
30. A phrase meaning "the base," is a broad term for both terrorist organization and a "brand name" of affiliates. (4 IDK)
31. City around a beltway that is a node of consumer and business services. (7 CC)

Across

2. what the progress in the 1700’s was called when factories started to get built
5. leaving stalks of old crops on the field to get plowed under-Shades the soil- water retention in the soil
7. this is when farm land is farmed year after year- it causes nutrient depletion in the soil
9. pollution released into the air
11. these areas are important for commercial and recreational fisheries. It is the place where juvenile sea life “grows up”
13. every living thing requires ____ to live so we must be sure we keep it clean and fresh and available!
15. contamination of Earth’s air, water or land
17. restoring land to its original natural ecosystem is called land _____
20. this is taking away trees due to mining in the area, or development or logging. Will cause increased soil erosion
25. _____ pollutants such as chemicals in your house can be damaging to water sources if leaked or spilled on the ground
27. when the population exceeds the resources in an area we say we have reached a state of ______
29. the O3 chemical that is good up in the atmosphere but can be bad if created low to the ground
31. this substance in the water is very difficult to clean up- it coats the tissues of water organisms and the shoreline plants
32. people moving IN to an area
33. coral ____ is a concern as it is killing coral reef areas. The water is too hot and the coral animals expel their algal partners and the coral dies off
35. over use of these by farmers causes a decline in important insect populations
36. overfishing and overhunting can cause species to become ____
37. the chemicals that were used in aerosols that harmed the ozone layer—have been banned
39. when populations are so large that they increase rapidly
41. using less of a resource so it lasts longer
42. airpollution inside is sometimes called this- do to people with allergies to things being affected
43. this is considered a pollutant as animals cannot live in water areas where the temperature is unnatural
44. ____ ____ released from factories and industries can get into the water and bind to fish tissues. If we eat these we can get sick. The most notable ones are mercury and lead
45. sustainable _____ management is very important as we are very dependent on trees as a natural resource
46. in this type of pollution, three is more than one source adding to it
47. this many kilometers from a coast line belongs to the country of that coastline- all resources are theirs
48. this causes hotter soils and loss of plant diversity. Can cause more erosion also
49. giving time for resources to replenish and recover

Down

1. this is “farming” of fish and sea life to produce a high population. Usually done to have resources for restaurants.
3. using a resource over and over so new products don’t have to be made
4. deforestation can lead to this- the soil eroding and drying out
6. this is considered a pollutant to water if it washes into a water source and covers animals, nests, or clouds the water and doesn’t allow photosynthesis. It can also carry fertilizers and pesticides
8. a toxic gas that is emitted by rocks- you need to be aware if you have a basement or a lot of stone in your house
10. alternating crops every year to maintain nutrients
12. deforestation and building on wetland decreases the land available and the _____ of animals
14. rain that is acidic due to air pollution
16. places where human garbage is dumped
18. people moving OUT of an area
19. the logging practice where they leave some trees to maintain a habitat for organisms
21. a toxic gas emitted from unburned natural gas- you can buy a detector to put in your house- it has no smell and can be deadly
22. pipes in landfills allow gases to escape from deep in the trash as bacteria and fungi are going through the process of this
23. in this type of pollution you KNOW where it is coming from
24. these are organisms that are brought to a new area that is not their natural habitat. The survive by taking food and space resources away from what is already there naturally
26. the term used to describe how urban areas spread (because of population increase) out and take over rural areas
28. this in the water is becoming a he problem. Is is found in all the world’s oceans. From big pieces to micro pieces
30. thick brown haze caused by trapped chemicals reacting with sunlight low to the ground
34. the largest population an area can support
38. the logging practice where they cut down everything
40. things human use from Earth that are not man made

Across

1. the chemicals that were used in aerosols that harmed the ozone layer—have been banned
4. leaving stalks of old crops on the field to get plowed under-Shades the soil- water retention in the soil
17. alternating crops every year to maintain nutrients
19. the O3 chemical that is good up in the atmosphere but can be bad if created low to the ground
20. people moving OUT of an area
22. using a resource over and over so new products don’t have to be made
23. coral ____ is a concern as it is killing coral reef areas. The water is too hot and the coral animals expel their algal partners and the coral dies off
24. pollution released into the air
25. rain that is acidic due to air pollution
27. giving time for resources to replenish and recover
28. ____ ____ released from factories and industries can get into the water and bind to fish tissues. If we eat these we can get sick. The most notable ones are mercury and lead
29. this is considered a pollutant to water if it washes into a water source and covers animals, nests, or clouds the water and doesn’t allow photosynthesis. It can also carry fertilizers and pesticides
33. when populations are so large that they increase rapidly
35. in this type of pollution you KNOW where it is coming from
39. this causes hotter soils and loss of plant diversity. Can cause more erosion also
41. restoring land to its original natural ecosystem is called land _____
43. places where human garbage is dumped
44. pipes in landfills allow gases to escape from deep in the trash as bacteria and fungi are going through the process of this
45. these are organisms that are brought to a new area that is not their natural habitat. The survive by taking food and space resources away from what is already there naturally
46. a toxic gas that is emitted by rocks- you need to be aware if you have a basement or a lot of stone in your house
47. the logging practice where they cut down everything
48. this in the water is becoming a big problem. It is found in all the world’s oceans. From big pieces to micro pieces

Down

2. thick brown haze caused by trapped chemicals reacting with sunlight low to the ground
3. using less of a resource so it lasts longer
5. this many kilometers from a coast line belongs to the country of that coastline- all resources are theirs
6. every living thing requires ____ to live so we must be sure we keep it clean and fresh and available!
7. this is “farming” of fish and sea life to produce a high population. Usually done to have resources for restaurants.
8. _____ pollutants such as chemicals in your house can be damaging to water sources if leaked or spilled on the ground
9. contamination of Earth’s air, water or land
10. this is taking away trees due to mining in the area, or development or logging. Will cause increased soil erosion
11. the largest population an area can support
12. this is considered a pollutant as animals cannot live in water areas where the temperature is unnatural
13. the logging practice where they leave some trees to maintain a habitat for organisms
14. in this type of pollution, there is more than one source adding to it
15. what the progress in the 1700’s was called when factories started to get built
16. sustainable _____ management is very important as we are very dependent on trees as a natural resource
18. deforestation and building on wetland decreases the land available and the _____ of animals
19. this substance in the water is very difficult to clean up- it coats the tissues of water organisms and the shoreline plants
21. when the population exceeds the resources in an area we say we have reached a state of ______
26. things human use from Earth that are not man made
30. deforestation can lead to this- the soil eroding and drying out
31. a toxic gas emitted from unburned natural gas- you can buy a detector to put in your house- it has no smell and can be deadly
32. these areas are important for commercial and recreational fisheries. It is the place where juvenile sea life “grows up”
34. this is when farm land is farmed year after year- it causes nutrient depletion in the soil
36. people moving IN to an area
37. overfishing and overhunting can cause species to become ____
38. the term used to describe how urban areas spread (because of population increase) out and take over rural areas
40. over use of these by farmers causes a decline in important insect populations
42. airpollution inside is sometimes called this- do to people with allergies to things being affected

Across

4. A storm with widespread snowfall accompanied by strong winds.
7. World’s second most polluted city of 2019 (According to globalresidenceindex.com).
11. Biggest, highest and tallest dam of India build on this river.
13. Any substance that can cause or contribute to the production of cancer.
16. The area occupied by a community or species (group of animals or plants), such as a forest floor, desert or sea shore.
20. A green plant that is distinguished from woody plants by being leaflike in appearance and texture.
23. Chemicals used in manufacturing and, in the past, in aerosol cans and refrigerators, which can damage the ozone layer.
24. A species seriously at risk of extinction.
26. The weather in some location averaged over a period of time.
27. Plants and animals that are grown or reared without the use of synthetic fertilisers, pesticides or hormones.
28. Earth's southernmost continent.
29. Small-scale tourism in fragile and protected areas that aims to have a low impact on the environment, benefit local communities and enable tourists to learn more about the natural and cultural history of the place.
30. Physical, mental, and behavioral changes that follow a daily cycle.
31. A nationally uniform index for reporting and forecasting daily air quality.
33. Energy from resources such as wind power, solar energy or biomass.
36. An organism that breaks down, organic material such as the remains of dead organisms.
40. Describes a type of forest characterized by mostly needle-leaved, cone-bearing trees or shrubs, such as pine, spruce, and fir.
41. Air pollution consisting of smoke and fog, which occurs in large urban and industrial areas.
42. An international agreement signed in Japan in 1997, attached to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change.
43. A colourless, odourless gas resulting from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. It interferes with the blood's ability to carry oxygen to the body's tissues
45. The thin protective layer of gas 10 to 50km above the Earth that acts as a filter for ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. High UV levels can lead to skin cancer and cataracts and affect the growth of plants.
47. The process by which a chemical is reduced to a less complex form.
48. Development using land or energy sources in a way that meets the needs of people today without reducing the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
52. An animal that feeds on other animals.
53. A large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV).
54. A furnace that is designed to burn waste at very high temperatures under controlled conditions and is licensed by national regulatory authorities.
55. Sharing a car to a destination to reduce fuel use, pollution and travel costs.
56. A geologic period spanning 199.6 - 145.5 million years ago.
57. A species that is non-native and due to rapid reproduction, strangling other species or changing the chemistry of the soil it becomes detrimental to the habitat in which it resides.

Down

1. Water that is a mixture of both fresh and salt water.
2. Height above sea level.
3. Liquid wastes from communities, which may be a mixture of domestic effluent from homes and liquid waste from industry.
5. Organic waste material produced by the decomposition of dead plants and animals.
6. Father of the White Revolution in India.
8. A type of electromagnetic radiation that has wavelengths longer than visible light.
9. A fungus that grows co-dependently with algae.
10. Changes in an organism’s structure or habit that help it adjust to its surroundings.
12. An instrument that measures atmospheric pressure.
14. Unpredictable, devastating events like earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, cyclones etc. which can be and can cause irreparable damage of life and property.
15. The biological variety of a particular environment as reflected by the number of different species of plant and animals present.
17. The slow aging process during which a lake, estuary, or bay evolves into a bog or marsh and eventually disappears.
18. The gradual increase in temperature of the Earth’s surface caused by human activities.
19. Process by which the structure of a biological community evolves over time.
21. The ability to break down or decompose rapidly under natural conditions and processes.
22. Garhwali environmentalist and Chipko movement leader.
25. Heaviest insect in the world.
32. A community of organisms in which each member is eaten in turn by another member.
34. Waterman of India
35. The mass of air surrounding the Earth.
37. The wearing away of land or soil by the action of wind, water, or ice.
38. Earth Summit (Portuguese: ECO92), was a major United Nations conference held in …………. from 3 to 14 June in 1992.
39. World’s smallest flowering plant. Found all over the planet, this bright green oval plant is about the size of a grain of rice.
44. These filters are capable of removing 99.9% of all unwanted sub-micron particles from the air.
46. A belt of calms between the Atlantic and Pacific trade winds.
49. The area where two adjacent ecosystems transition, i.e, woodlands transition to meadow.
50. Largest living bird.
51. The science, art, and practice of managing and using trees, forests, and their associated resources for human benefit.

Across

3. The weather in some location averaged over a period of time.
5. World’s second most polluted city of 2019 (According to globalresidenceindex.com).
12. An instrument that measures atmospheric pressure.
16. A shrub or small tree that grows in coastal saline or brackish water.
18. The science, art, and practice of managing and using trees, forests, and their associated resources for human benefit.
19. Earth Summit (Portuguese: ECO92), was a major United Nations conference held in …………. from 3 to 14 June in 1992.
21. Changes in an organism’s structure or habit that help it adjust to its surroundings.
22. Biggest, highest and tallest dam of India build on this river.
24. The mass of air surrounding the Earth.
26. Unpredictable, devastating events like earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, cyclones etc. which can be and can cause irreparable damage of life and property.
28. A species that is non-native and due to rapid reproduction, strangling other species or changing the chemistry of the soil it becomes detrimental to the habitat in which it resides.
30. The area occupied by a community or species (group of animals or plants), such as a forest floor, desert or sea shore.
32. A nationally uniform index for reporting and forecasting daily air quality.
33. A species seriously at risk of extinction.
35. A type of forest characterized by mostly needle-leaved, cone-bearing trees or shrubs, such as pine, spruce, and fir.
37. Chemicals used in manufacturing and, in the past, in aerosol cans and refrigerators, which can damage the ozone layer.
39. An organism that breaks down, organic material such as the remains of dead organisms.
40. World’s smallest flowering plant. Found all over the planet, this bright green oval plant is about the size of a grain of rice.
42. A type of electromagnetic radiation that has wavelengths longer than visible light.
43. Sharing a car to a destination to reduce fuel use, pollution and travel costs.
45. Physical, mental, and behavioral changes that follow a daily cycle.
46. Height above sea level.
47. A belt of calms between the Atlantic and Pacific trade winds.
49. Liquid wastes from communities, which may be a mixture of domestic effluent from homes and liquid waste from industry.
50. A community of organisms in which each member is eaten in turn by another member.
52. The slow aging process during which a lake, estuary, or bay evolves into a bog or marsh and eventually disappears.
53. Occurs in bacteria and other organisms and involves the use of energy released by inorganic chemical reactions to produce food.
55. The gradual increase in temperature of the Earth’s surface caused by human activities.
56. Waterman of India
57. Development using land or energy sources in a way that meets the needs of people today without reducing the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Down

1. Largest Lakes in India.
2. The wearing away of land or soil by the action of wind, water, or ice.
4. A storm with widespread snowfall accompanied by strong winds.
6. The process by which a chemical is reduced to a less complex form.
7. Process by which the structure of a biological community evolves over time.
8. The thin protective layer of gas 10 to 50km above the Earth that acts as a filter for ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.
9. Heaviest insect in the world.
10. Plants and animals that are grown or reared without the use of synthetic fertilisers, pesticides or hormones.
11. Energy from resources such as wind power, solar energy or biomass.
13. The biological variety of a particular environment as reflected by the number of different species of plant and animals present.
14. Earth's southernmost continent.
15. A geologic period spanning 199.6 - 145.5 million years ago.
17. An international agreement signed in Japan in 1997, attached to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change.
20. A furnace that is designed to burn waste at very high temperatures under controlled conditions and is licensed by national regulatory authorities.
23. Any substance that can cause or contribute to the production of cancer.
25. An animal that feeds on other animals.
27. Garhwali environmentalist and Chipko movement leader.
29. A fungus that grows co-dependently with algae.
31. A green plant that is distinguished from woody plants by being leaflike in appearance and texture.
34. The area where two adjacent ecosystems transition, i.e, woodlands transition to meadow.
36. Small-scale tourism in fragile and protected areas that aims to have a low impact on the environment, benefit local communities and enable tourists to learn more about the natural and cultural history of the place.
38. Largest living bird.
41. Water that is a mixture of both fresh and salt water.
43. A colourless, odourless gas resulting from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. It interferes with the blood's ability to carry oxygen to the body's tissues
44. These filters are capable of removing 99.9% of all unwanted sub-micron particles from the air.
48. Organic waste material produced by the decomposition of dead plants and animals.
51. The ability to break down or decompose rapidly under natural conditions and processes.
54. Air pollution consisting of smoke and fog, which occurs in large urban and industrial areas.

Across

5. A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that black families will soon move into the neighborhood.
6. banks, insurance companies, etc., refuse or limit loans, mortgages, insurance, etc., within specific geographic areas, especially inner-city neighborhoods.
10. The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry
11. an established language that comes to be spoken and understood between people who do not share a common language. For example, most of the nations around the world recognize English as a ___________.
12. German economic geographer who developed a model for the location of secondary industries, in his Theory of the Location of Industries, published in 1909. His theories influenced the layout of cities.
13. the outer most zone of the Concentric Zone Model that represents people who choose to live in residential suburbia and take a daily commute in the CBD to work.
14. The process in which a minority group adapts and changes to a dominant culture but still retains some of their own cultural distinctiveness.
16. the total value of all goods and services produced by a country's economy in a year
17. a large body of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a particular country or territory.
19. the total value of all goods and services produced within a country during a given year.
20. The north-south lines that separate townships
21. The physical characteristics of a place
22. An individual forced to leave his or her home due to an internal conflict in their country but remains within their country’s borders.
23. The number of people under the age of 15 and over the age of 64 compared to the number of people partaking in the labor force.
26. The process by which an individual is compelled to leave their home due to an adversity that is usually natural and out of their control, such as the Dust Bowl or economic struggles.
27. government-designated areas in China where foreign investment is allowed and capitalistic ventures are encouraged
30. pastoral practice of seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pasture lands
31. satisfies the needs of the urban residents themselves
32. The process in which a minority group loses its culture to a dominant culture
33. The expansion of economic, political, and cultural processes to the point that they become global in scale and impact; this process is inevitable and continues to occur as the exchange of goods, services, information, and cultures becomes easier around the globe.
34. A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality
35. The geographic study of human-environment relationships

Down

1. The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for subsistence or economic gain. Agriculture allowed settlements and populations to establish and specialize. Agricultural practices are a good indicator of the development of a region.
2. The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and a low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, a low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population. This process is portrayed by a commonly recognized model. This concept is important to understand as many countries have either already transitioned into the developed stages of the model, are striving to enter development, or are struggling to develop and remain in the lower stages of the model.
3. The downtown or nucleus of a city where retail stores, offices, and cultural activities are concentrated; building densities are usually quite high; and transportation systems converge.
4. Associated with the Industrial Revolution. Technology was used to increase the production and distribution of products.
7. the fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a common national or cultural tradition.
8. the zone of greatest concentration or homogeneity of the culture traits that characterize a region. This area has a wide influence over its surrounding area, including economic, social, and political influence.
9. A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land
15. a subset of the tertiary sector, it includes service jobs concerned with administration, and processing and disseminating information
18. The beliefs, behaviors, and characteristics of a particular group. This concept is an important part of people's lives, influencing their views and values, and should therefore be understood in order to understand people.
24. Using capitalism, globalization and/or cultural imperialism to influence a developing or weaker country instead of the previous colonial methods of direct military control or indirect political control
25. The process by which an individual is enforced to leave their home due to conflict, often violent and between authorities.
28. Process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power.
29. The locational importance of a place relative to other places

Across

4. A graph showing the distribution of values in a set of data. Individual values are displayed along a horizontal axis, and the frequency of their occurrence is displayed along a vertical axis.
5. The downslope direction of the maximum rate of change in value from each cell to its adjacent area.
6. An image processing method for combining multiple images into a single raster, where each image or band has the same extent and/or resampled resolution.
10. The digital representation of the land surface elevation with respect to any reference datum. These layers are frequently used to refer to representation of a topographic surface.
13. The energy that moves through space at the speed of light as different wavelengths of time-varying electric and magnetic fields. Types of electromagnetic radiation include gamma, x, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwave, and radio.
15. A series of pixels without data, often represented by value that is not valid elsewhere in the dataset.
17. An airborne drone with sensor.
21. A multiband image generated from a combination individual raster bands (e.g. false colour).
23. The mean distance between maximums (or minimums) of a roughly periodic pattern on the electromagnetic spectrum. It is normally measured in micrometres (um) or nanometres (nm).
24. An active optical remote-sensing technique that uses laser light to densely sample the surface of the earth, producing highly accurate X, Y and Z measurements.
25. The minimum bounding area of a map or raster. All source data fall within this boundary.
26. A band of the electromagnetic spectrum ranging from approximately 700 nm to 2500 nm.
32. The application of geometric rules to find the length of a line, area of a surface, or volume of an object using the information obtained from lines and angles.
33. The fundamental unit of data collection. This is represented in a remotely sensed image as a cell in an array of data values.
34. A matrix of cells (or pixels) organized into row and columns where each cell contains a value representing information.
36. The internal sub-setting of a spatial dataset, especially a raster, typically used to process or analyse a large dataset without consuming vast quantities of computer memory.
37. The computational process of assigning pixels or objects into a set of categories, or classes, having common spectral, shape, elevation, or other definable characteristics.
39. A standard digital image file format for containing lossy and compressed image data.

Down

1. A reduced-resolution dataset stored with imagery that is used to read and display imagery at lower resolutions.
2. A function that takes an image as input and generates an image as output.
3. A system of radio-emitting and -receiving satellites used for determining positions on the earth. The orbiting satellites transmit signals that allow this receiver to calculate its own location through trilateration.
7. The study and mapping of land surfaces, including relief (relative positions and elevations) and the position of natural and constructed features.
8. A measure of the proportion of the incident light or radiation reflected by a specific earth surface.
9. A data model within a geodatabase used to manage collections of raster datasets stored as a catalogue and viewed as a combined image or individual images.
11. A term for two or more ranges of frequencies or wavelengths (producing images with specific band combinations) in the electromagnetic spectrum.
12. A group of multispectral, earth-orbiting satellites developed by NASA that gather imagery for land-use inventory, geological and mineralogical exploration, crop and forestry assessment, and cartography.
14. An image which is fused with a lower-resolution multiband raster dataset. It is used to increase spatial resolution and better visualise a multiband image.
16. The process of reducing the size of a file or database. This can improve data handling, storage, and database performance.
18. The number of oscillations per unit of time in a wave of energy, or the number of wavelengths that pass a point in a given amount of time.
19. The phenomenon in which, due to viewing angle, one object blocks another object from view in an image.
20. The degree of contrast between the mid-level grey values of a raster dataset. Application of this correction type allows users to control the overall brightness of a raster dataset, as well as the ratios of red to green to blue.
22. A process by which imagery is geometrically corrected so that coordinates in the imagery accurately represent coordinates on the ground (i.e. GCPs).
27. The amount of solar radiation received by an area over a given period of time.
28. The origin and orientation of lines of latitude and longitude, providing a frame of reference for measuring location on the earth’s surface.
29. A numerical data type that does not have a set number of digits before and after the decimal point.
30. The feel or appearance of the surface of an object of interest, used to help identify the object.
31. A ratio of original bands, sometimes with other factors or coefficients included.
34. A device or system that detects surface features on the earth by bouncing radio waves off them and measuring the energy reflected back.
35. A Tagged Image File Format with spatial reference information.
38. The incline, or steepness, of a surface, measured in degrees from horizontal (0–90), or percent.

Across

1. The VA provides healthcare and benefits to former service members of the US _______
4. The number of members in George Washington’s original cabinet
8. Created by George Washington to deal with the increasing national debt, _____ ____ led the newly created Treasury Department as its first secretary
10. Two major agencies that exist as part of the Department of Health and Human Services (abbreviations)
12. This department (abbreviation) is responsible for developing and executing federal laws related to farming, forestry, rural economic development, and food safety and inspection
14. The ______ (abbreviation) is a federal agency responsible for planning, funding, and overseeing transportation projects, setting safety regulations, and ensuring the safe and efficient movement of people and goods across the nation. It includes, among other agencies, the FAA
17. The Department of the _____ manages public lands, natural resources national parks, conservation, wildlife refuges and upholds federal trust responsibilities to indian tribes and native Alaskans
18. The Department of Labor was originally included as part of the department of commerce, until later given its own agency by President _____
21. The heads of the cabinet departments are usually referred to as ______
22. The USDA was called the “people’s department” by ____ _____ who established it in 1862 owing to the fact that over half of the nation was directly or indirectly involved in areas which the department would oversee
23. HUD was founded as a Cabinet department in 1965 as part of LBJ’s “____ ____” program
26. The Department of _______ (2 words) is the third largest Cabinet office with 260,000 employees, handling public safety issues like terrorism, disaster prevention, and immigration
28. Part of the Department of the Interior that includes scientists who oversee the nation’s oil, natural gas and coal resources as well as studying the impacts of solar and wind energy development (abbreviation)
29. The Department of ____manages the research and development of nuclear power and weaponry, addressing the climate crisis, and conducting research in over 17 national laboratories across the united states
30. The Department of ____ works to address issues on homelessness, and studies policies on how to support the people who have served in the armed forces
32. The Department of Commerce includes agencies such as the ____ Bureau (which gathers population data) as well as the national oceanic and atmospheric administration and national weather service
34. The Department of ____ oversees federal student financial aid, college accreditation and federal policies affecting the funding and administration of public schools
35. This department (Abbreviation) oversees policy and research on matters from physical fitness, to opioid prevention, to adoption and foster care and financial assistance and services for low-income families

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2. The Department of ____ handles unemployment benefits, workplace safety, and wage standards
3. The DHS was formed by____ __ _____ in response to the September 11 attacks at the World Trade Center
5. The Department of _____’s mission is to protect and promote U.S. security, prosperity, and democratic values and shape an international environment in which all Americans can thrive.
6. Part of the DHS that provides federal disaster assistance
7. This department (abbreviation) oversees community planning, federal aid in major metropolitan areas, federal housing projects, enforcing laws against discrimination on the basis race, religion, etc.
9. The Department of _______ focuses on enforcement of federal law and includes the FBI, DEA, and INS
11. The Department of ____ is responsible for matters relating to economic growth and opportunity like setting industrial standards or gathering data for policy-making.
13. The Department of Energy was created by President _____ with the goal of reducing the use of fossil fuels and the impacts of oil crises
15. Part of the DHS that, in addition to other agencies such as the Secret Service, Customs and Protections and the Coast Guard, works to ensure domestic security at major access points (abbreviation)
16. The Department of ____ is America’s largest government agency and coordinates and supervises all agencies and functions of the US government directly related to national security and the United States Armed forces
19. The DOD includes military departments as well as four national intelligence services such as the Defense Intelligence Agency and the ____ (abbreviation) which leads in cryptology, encompassing both signals intelligence (SIGINT) and cybersecurity, to gain a decisive advantage for the nation and its allies.
20. administer and enforce federal regulations to help keep employees safe, as well as ensure their rights
21. The USDA oversees a number of programs to improve access to food and a healthy diet including the ____ (abbreviation) program, often referred to as food stamps
24. The _____ Department manages federal finances by collecting taxes and paying bills and by managing currency, government accounts and public debt.
25. The _____ ____ is also an important member of the Cabinet who, due to being an elected official, does not require Senate confirmation to fulfill the role
27. The heads of the cabinet departments are nominated by the President and then confirmed by the ____ through simple majority
31. In addition to the cabinet, the President also has the support of the ____(abbreviation) led by the White House Chief of Staff - a position that, unlike cabinet secretaries, does not require the confirmation of the Senate
33. In addition to its other duties, the State Department oversees diplomatic _____ who escort and deliver important classified material to foreign nations with whom the department is conducting business

Across

4. Design, the capacity of a design to adapt to changing conditions and to maintain or regain functionality and vitality in the face of stress or disturbance.
9. the flow of heat through an object by transferring heat from one molecule to another. Think frying pan on a stove or wood stud that touches the inside drywall and the outside wall sheathing.
10. water from bathtubs, shower drains, sinks, washing machines, and dishwashers is considered grey water.
13. House, home designed to be less than 1,000 sf
14. Insulation, a low-thermal-conductivity material used to reduce heat loss and gain from a building.
16. Barrier, a barrier that reduces the rate that water vapor can move through a material.
18. Load, the power consumed by electronics and appliances while they are technically switched off or in standby mode.
20. Entry or zero-step entry, a flush entry from the driveway or garage into your home.
22. the act of repurposing / updating / remodeling of a building.
26. landscaping, the practical integration of food plants within your landscape for the purposes of decorating as well as producing food.
28. define the requirements regarding materials, products, installation and quality aspects pertaining to the execution of the work and contract.
30. the practice of using cost-effective strategies to modify a building to decrease energy usage and increase comfort.
33. a strip of impervious material used to stop water from penetrating the junction of a wall or roof with another surface.
34. Concrete, concrete that allows water to move through the material into a storage area under the pavement.
36. Footprint, a measure of the impact our activities have on the environment in terms of the amount of greenhouse gases we produce.
40. A gas used widely in production of adhesives, plastics, preservatives, and fabric treatments and commonly emitted by indoor materials that are made with its compounds.
41. an electronic device that measures the relative humidity in a space.
42. Conservation Carbon Offsets, similar to forestry, native grasses and other vegetation provide a natural source of greenhouse gas (GHG) absorption and sequestration.

Down

1. flow of heat from a warm source through space in waves of infrared or visible light energy. Think sunlight through a window.
2. Changes per Hour (ACH), the measure how many times the air within a defined space is replaced.
3. Casement or Double-Hung glass opening in a wall system.
5. Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning system in your home or business.
6. Ventilation, the process of supplying and removing air by natural means from building spaces by using windows, doors, solar chimneys, and non-powered ventilators.
7. refers to the transfer of heat by a moving fluid. Thing warm air rising and cool air sinking in a room. Convection loops circulate near walls. During the heating season, warm air is cooled by exterior walls and falls towards the floor, creating a convection loop. Convective loops can also happen within framing cavities if the insulation doesn’t completely fill the space.
8. Bridge, where heat occurs across more conductive components in an otherwise well-insulated material, resulting in disproportionately significant heat loss.
10. a label program created by the Environmental Protection Agency for consumers to easily identify water efficient products.
11. recycling, a process or system where all paper, plastics, metals, cardboard, glass, and trash goes into the same can and is sorted by the facility into separate commodities.
12. Ash, a fine, glass like powder recovered from the coal-burning process for the production of electricity.
14. verification and documentation that a building and the systems used are designed, installed, tested, operated, and maintained to meet the project requirements set by the building owner.
15. Building, a structure that has historic, architectural, or cultural significance.
17. Shelf, a horizontal overhanging element located above the eye-level and typically having a highly reflective upper surface.
19. or Energy Recovery Ventilator, part of a balanced ventilation system that transfers water vapor and heat from one airstream to another.
21. concrete form (ICF), a wall building system made of reinforced concrete and most commonly rigid thermal insulation.
23. a tubular daylighting system
24. Home, A design approach that encompasses specific design features that ensure that a new house or apartment will meet the current and future needs of most households.
25. a resilient flooring product that was developed in the 1800’s. It consists of cork flour, linseed oil, oak dust, and jute.
27. design, the art or process of designing the interior of a room or building.
29. Metering, a method of crediting consumers for the electricity that is generated on their home or business in excess of the total electricity that they have used.
31. the removal of soil and rock by water from one location to another.
32. Curtains, Thermal curtains have a lining that resists temperature change and are heavy enough to stop air flow.
35. Thermography, thermal imaging, or thermal video, a type of infrared imaging used for determining air leakage in energy audits.
37. Neutral Building, the process of taking into account measuring, reducing, and offsetting carbon energy used by the building.
38. tile, made from clay that has been permanently hardened by heat, often having a decorative glaze.
39. Topography, an area of irregular limestone in which erosion has produced fissures, sinkholes, underground streams and caverns.

Across

2. the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. It is a U.S. federal agency within the Department of Commerce that researches and gathers data on the oceans, atmosphere, space, and sun to provide weather forecasts, climate monitoring, and environmental stewardship.
5. the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, a government agency focused on affordable housing
7. the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a U.S. federal agency under the Department of Health and Human Services responsible for protecting public health through disease control and prevention.
8. the U.S. Small Business Administration, a federal agency created in 1953 to aid, counsel, assist, and protect the interests of small businesses.
11. the Federal Reserve System, the central banking system of the United States
14. The Tennessee Valley Authority is a U.S. federal corporation and the nation's largest public power provider
15. The Joint Chiefs of Staff, the highest-ranking military advisory body in the United States, composed of leaders from the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Space Force, and National Guard. They advise the President and Secretary of Defense on national security.
17. the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, commonly known as Freddie Mac.
18. the Federal National Mortgage Association, commonly known as Fannie Mae.
19. the National Archives and Records Administration, an independent agency of the U.S. government responsible for preserving and documenting government and historical records.
20. The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is the largest and northernmost wildlife refuge in the U.S., encompassing 19.6 million acres in northeastern Alaska.
21. the Federal Housing Administration, a U.S. government agency within the Department of Housing and Urban Development
23. The International Criminal Court is a permanent, independent judicial body based in The Hague, Netherlands, that investigates and tries individuals accused of the gravest international crimes
24. the Federal Bureau of Investigation. As the principal investigative arm of the U.S. Department of Justice.
27. The Uniform Commercial Code is a comprehensive set of standardized laws governing commercial transactions, sales, and banking across the United States.
29. The United States Department of Defense, the federal executive department responsible for national security and the armed forces, headquartered at the Pentagon.
31. the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Established on October 1, 1958, it is a United States government agency responsible for the nation's civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
32. the United States Postal Service. It is an independent agency of the United States federal government responsible for providing postal services, including collecting, processing, and delivering mail to individuals and businesses across the country, its territories, and associated states.
33. the Government National Mortgage Association, commonly known as Ginnie Mae.

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1. the Federal Aviation Administration, a U.S. government agency within the Department of Transportation that regulates all aspects of civil aviation, including air traffic control, aircraft certification, airport standards, and commercial space transportation.
2. the National Institutes of Health, the primary U.S. government agency responsible for biomedical and health-related research.
3. the National Labor Relations Board, an independent U.S. federal agency created in 1935 to enforce labor laws.
4. the Federal Communications Commission, an independent U.S. government agency that regulates interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable.
6. the United States Department of Homeland Security, a federal executive agency responsible for public security, border control, immigration, and emergency response.
9. the U.S. Department of Transportation, a federal agency established in 1966 to regulate national transportation safety and infrastructure.
10. the National Education Association, the largest professional employer organization in the US representing educators.
11. The Food and Drug Administration is a U.S. federal agency under the Department of Health and Human Services responsible for protecting public health.
12. A U.S. federal executive department responsible for enforcing federal laws, representing the government in legal matters, and ensuring impartial administration of justice.
13. the Federal Emergency Management Agency. It is a U.S. government agency under the Department of Homeland Security responsible for coordinating responses to disasters, providing financial assistance, and promoting safety to prepare for and recover from emergencies.
16. the Securities and Exchange Commission, a U.S. federal agency created in 1934 to regulate financial markets, protect investors, and enforce securities laws.
18. Fellowship of Christian Athletes which is a religious organization focusing on coaches and athletes, providing support and ministry in schools.
19. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization is a military alliance between 32 member states. 30 in Europe and two in North America. Founded in the aftermath of World War II.
22. the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, a federal agency dedicated to protecting the health of Americans and providing essential human services.
23. International Criminal Police Organization, is the world’s largest international police organization
24. the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation is an independent agency of the United States government created by Congress in 1933 to maintain stability and public confidence in the nation's financial system.
25. The Internal Revenue Service is the U.S. government agency responsible for collecting federal taxes and enforcing tax laws.
26. the United States Department of Veterans Affairs (or Veterans Administration), which provides healthcare and benefits to military veterans.
28. the Central Intelligence Agency. It is an independent agency of the United States government responsible for gathering, analyzing, and evaluating foreign intelligence to safeguard national security.
30. United Parcel Service, the global courier and shipping company founded in 1907.
32. __________ is a U.S. federal executive department responsible for developing and executing policies on farming, agriculture, forestry, rural economic development, and nutrition.

Across

1. Involves exposure that take place outside Natural Sources- not caused by humans Area Source- many small sources located together
3. Involves exposure that take place inside Stationary Source- source that doesn’t move Mobile Source- capable of moving on its own
6. Can be beneficial because plants can grow in parts of the world where they weren’t able to before.
13. The total amount of individuals a population can have
18. (eat producers)
21. Begins in a place that already has soil and was once the home of living organisms
26. Instead, food webs are used, which combine multiple food chains into one large diagram.
27. Introduction of harmful materials into the environment
28. A system that includes all living (biotic) organisms in its area as well as the physical environment (abiotic) functioning together as a unit
31. Any living factor in an organism's environment
32. A system that includes all living (biotic) organisms in its area as well as the physical environment (abiotic) functioning together as a unit
33. Particulate Matter, Ground-level ozone,Carbon Monoxide, Sulfur oxide, Nitrogen oxides, Lead
35. The branch of biology that studies the interactions among organisms and their environment
37. The effect of the limiting factor has no connection to the density of the population
38. Any non-living factor in an organism's environment, physical or chemical.
40. The management of forests and their surrounding areas.
44. During this time period, algae and invertebrates were the only times of organisms living on the planet.
46. (eat secondary)
47. Dominant vegetation is grasses
53. Above 85 km Temperature increases up to 1500 C with solar radiation Satellites orbit in this zone
57. a portion of the population of a species is counted in a particular area and that number is used to estimate the total population
58. a vital species within an ecosystem that all other species depend on to keep the ecosystem healthy.
60. Oxygen makes up about 26% of the gas in our atmosphere
62. Rolling lands with scattered trees and shrubs
63. different kinds of organisms, relationships among species in a community
64. The meteorite theory is the most popular theory that explains the mass extinction of dinosaurs during this time period.
65. Observations that occur through DIRECT interaction with the population being studied.
66. Evaporation: change of liquid to a gas (water vapor)Transpiration: release of water vapor through the stomata of plant leaves Condensation: water vapor cooling and changing back to a liquid Precipitation: liquid that has condensed and is falling from the atmosphere as rain, sleet, snow, or hail
67. Animals are moving northward to cooler climates and migrating to higher elevations than before.
68. Only biome with 4 proper seasons

Down

2. Model that shows the available energy at each trophic level Only 10 percent of the energy at each trophic level is passed on to the next trophic level (90% of energy is lost)
4. Long cold winters, short wet summers
5. different genes & combinations of genes within populations
7. Chemicals in the air mix with water to form harmful pollutants
8. The role or function of an organism within its environment
9. Nitrogen is an essential component in amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, and ATP Nitrogen gas makes up 78% of our atmosphere, but nitrogen gas is unusable to most organisms
10. Begins in a place that has no soil
11. how and where organisms are located Three types:Even (uniform) – not as common; occurs due to scarcity of resources Clumped – most common; safety in numbers, social interaction, mating and caring for young, resources are clumped. Random – rare
12. Different habitats, niches, species interactions in a particular biome.
14. This biome is the coldest and is frozen year round
15. Producers:Make their own food from sunlight. (autotrophs) Consumers:Must eat to gain energy (heterotrophs)
16. Simplified model that shows a single path for energy flow through an ecosystem
17. The predictable and gradual replacement of one plant community by another through natural processes over time
19. the rearing and the processing of cattle for food and byproducts
20. The only cycle that does not cycle through the atmosphere
22. Birth rate: number of births a population has in 1 year Death rate: number of deaths a population has in 1 year Growth rate: the difference between the birth and the death rate
23. Up to 85 km above earth Temperature decreases outside of ozone layer below Coldest layer of atmosphere
24. The total population divided into five-year age groups
25. the more dense a population is, the more effect the limiting factors will have
29. (eat primary)
30. Is a group of organisms of one species that interbreed and live in the same space at the same time
34. Highest biodiversity of all the biomes
36. Carbon also enters the atmosphere through cellular respiration. Fossil fuels (remains of ancient organisms) also release CO2 when they are burned.
39. What period was considered to have the burst of life but also contributed to the stores of carbon and fossil fuels?
41. eat to gain energy
42. The existence of a wide range of different types of organisms in a given place at a given time
43. The part of the earth (or planet) that is capable of supporting life
45. the number of individuals per unit area
48. Zone closest to the surface Means “region of mixing” All weather occurs in this zone
49. Fungi and bacteria that breakdown remains of consumers and producers
50. Is a group of organisms of one species that interbreed and live in the same space at the same time
51. Continues up to about 50 km from the surface Ozone Layer- absorbs UV energy from the sun and releases it as heat
52. The practice of Farming, including the cultivation of crops and raising of livestock, such as cows, chickens, goats, and sheep.
54. Make their own energy (food) from sunlight (autotrophs)
55. The range of abiotic factors an organism can tolerate
56. Hottest and driest of all the biomes
59. The role or function of an organism within its environment
61. Coastal biome with hot and dry summers and short mild-rainy winter season

Across

1. Rebellion was a rebellion of enslaved Virginians that took place in Southampton County, Virginia, in August 1831, led by Nat Turner. The rebels killed between 55 and 65 people, at least 51 of whom were white.
4. meaning "cotton engine" – is a machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds, enabling much greater productivity than manual cotton separation.
5. was a network of secret routes and safe houses established in the United States during the early to mid-19th century, and used by enslaved African-Americans to primarily escape into free states and Canada
7. who signed and printed his name Wm. Lloyd Garrison, was a prominent American abolitionist, journalist, suffragist, and social reformer.
11. was an American advocate on behalf of the indigent mentally ill who, through a vigorous and sustained program of lobbying state legislatures and the United States Congress, created the first generation of American mental asylums. During the Civil War, she served as a Superintendent of Army Nurses.
12. was an American abolitionist and political activist. Born into slavery, Tubman escaped and subsequently made some 13 missions to rescue approximately 70 enslaved people, including family and friends, using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad.
13. social movement against the consumption of alcoholic beverages. Participants in the movement typically criticize alcohol intoxication or promote complete abstinence from alcohol, and its leaders emphasize alcohol's negative effects on people's health, personalities and family lives
16. The expansion of internal American trade greatly increased with the adoption of canals, steamboats, and railroads. These collective advances in technology became known as the Transportation Revolution.
17. an American engineer and inventor who is widely credited with developing a commercially successful steamboat; the first was called North River Steamboat‌
20. parts are parts that are, for practical purposes, identical. They are made to specifications that ensure that they are so nearly identical that they will fit into any assembly of the same type. One such part can freely replace another, without any custom fitting, such as filing
21. was a leader of the women's rights movement in the U.S. during the mid- to late-1800s. She was the main force behind the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention, the first convention to be called for the sole purpose of discussing women's rights, and was the primary author of its Declaration of Sentiments.
23. American inventor, actor, and businessman. He made important improvements in the design of the sewing machineand was the founder of what became one of the first American multi-national businesses, the Singer Sewing Machine Company.
24. an apparatus for communication at a distance by coded signals especially: an apparatus, system, or process for communication at a distance by electric transmission over the wire.
25. was an American social reformer, abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman. After escaping from slavery in Maryland, he became a national leader of the abolitionist movement in Massachusetts and New York, becoming famous for his oratory and incisive antislavery writings.
26. brand name of Deere & Company, an American corporation that manufactures agricultural, construction, and forestry machinery, diesel engines, drivetrains used in heavy equipment, and lawn care equipment

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2. Awakening was a Protestant religious revival during the early 19th century in the United States. The Second Great Awakening, which spread religion through revivals and emotional preaching, sparked a number of reform movements.
3. American inventor and painter. After having established his reputation as a portrait painter, in his middle age Morse contributed to the invention of a single-wire telegraph system based on European telegraphs.
6. American Quaker, abolitionist, women's rights activist, and social reformer. She had formed the idea of reforming the position of women in society when she was amongst the women excluded from the World Anti-Slavery Convention held in London in 1840.
8. was a public school in the United States during the 19th century. Horace Mann was a strong advocate for public education and the common schoo
9. was an American educational reformer and Whig politician known for his commitment to promoting public education. ... Educational historians credit Horace Mann, along with Henry Barnard and Catherine Beecher as one of the major advocates of the Common School Movement
10. American inventor and businessman who founded the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company, which later became part of the International Harvester Company in 1902.
14. From 1891 to 1992, the St. Louis Southwestern Railway operated between St. Louis, Missouri, and various points in the states of Arkansas and Texas. It was nicknamed "The Cotton Belt Route," or simply Cotton Belt, because its rails ran primarily through regions where cotton was the predominate crop.
15. was an American abolitionist and women's rights activist. Truth was born into slavery in Swartekill, New York, but escaped with her infant daughter to freedom in 1826. After going to court to recover her son in 1828, she became the first black woman to win such a case against a white man.
18. transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
19. flexible material made by creating an interlocking network of yarns or threads, which are produced by spinning raw fibres into long and twisted lengths. Textiles are then formed by weaving, knitting, crocheting, knotting, tatting, felting, bonding or braiding these yarns together
22. system was a labor and production model employed during the rise of the textile industry in the United States, particularly in New England, amid the larger backdrop of rapid expansion of the Industrial Revolution the early 19th century

Across

1. Involves exposure that take place outside Natural Sources- not caused by humans Area Source- many small sources located together
3. Involves exposure that take place inside Stationary Source- source that doesn’t move Mobile Source- capable of moving on its own
6. Can be beneficial because plants can grow in parts of the world where they weren’t able to before.
13. The total amount of individuals a population can have
18. (eat producers)
21. Begins in a place that already has soil and was once the home of living organisms
26. Instead, food webs are used, which combine multiple food chains into one large diagram.
27. Introduction of harmful materials into the environment
28. A system that includes all living (biotic) organisms in its area as well as the physical environment (abiotic) functioning together as a unit
31. Any living factor in an organism's environment
32. A system that includes all living (biotic) organisms in its area as well as the physical environment (abiotic) functioning together as a unit
33. Particulate Matter, Ground-level ozone,Carbon Monoxide, Sulfur oxide, Nitrogen oxides, Lead
35. The branch of biology that studies the interactions among organisms and their environment
37. The effect of the limiting factor has no connection to the density of the population
38. Any non-living factor in an organism's environment, physical or chemical.
40. The management of forests and their surrounding areas.
44. During this time period, algae and invertebrates were the only times of organisms living on the planet.
46. (eat secondary)
47. Dominant vegetation is grasses
53. Above 85 km Temperature increases up to 1500 C with solar radiation Satellites orbit in this zone
57. a portion of the population of a species is counted in a particular area and that number is used to estimate the total population
58. a vital species within an ecosystem that all other species depend on to keep the ecosystem healthy.
60. Oxygen makes up about 26% of the gas in our atmosphere
62. Rolling lands with scattered trees and shrubs
63. different kinds of organisms, relationships among species in a community
64. The meteorite theory is the most popular theory that explains the mass extinction of dinosaurs during this time period.
65. Observations that occur through DIRECT interaction with the population being studied.
66. Evaporation: change of liquid to a gas (water vapor)Transpiration: release of water vapor through the stomata of plant leaves Condensation: water vapor cooling and changing back to a liquid Precipitation: liquid that has condensed and is falling from the atmosphere as rain, sleet, snow, or hail
67. Animals are moving northward to cooler climates and migrating to higher elevations than before.
68. Only biome with 4 proper seasons

Down

2. Model that shows the available energy at each trophic level Only 10 percent of the energy at each trophic level is passed on to the next trophic level (90% of energy is lost)
4. Long cold winters, short wet summers
5. different genes & combinations of genes within populations
7. Chemicals in the air mix with water to form harmful pollutants
8. The role or function of an organism within its environment
9. Nitrogen is an essential component in amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, and ATP Nitrogen gas makes up 78% of our atmosphere, but nitrogen gas is unusable to most organisms
10. Begins in a place that has no soil
11. how and where organisms are located Three types:Even (uniform) – not as common; occurs due to scarcity of resources Clumped – most common; safety in numbers, social interaction, mating and caring for young, resources are clumped. Random – rare
12. Different habitats, niches, species interactions in a particular biome.
14. This biome is the coldest and is frozen year round
15. Producers:Make their own food from sunlight. (autotrophs) Consumers:Must eat to gain energy (heterotrophs)
16. Simplified model that shows a single path for energy flow through an ecosystem
17. The predictable and gradual replacement of one plant community by another through natural processes over time
19. the rearing and the processing of cattle for food and byproducts
20. The only cycle that does not cycle through the atmosphere
22. Birth rate: number of births a population has in 1 year Death rate: number of deaths a population has in 1 year Growth rate: the difference between the birth and the death rate
23. Up to 85 km above earth Temperature decreases outside of ozone layer below Coldest layer of atmosphere
24. The total population divided into five-year age groups
25. the more dense a population is, the more effect the limiting factors will have
29. (eat primary)
30. Is a group of organisms of one species that interbreed and live in the same space at the same time
34. Highest biodiversity of all the biomes
36. Carbon also enters the atmosphere through cellular respiration. Fossil fuels (remains of ancient organisms) also release CO2 when they are burned.
39. What period was considered to have the burst of life but also contributed to the stores of carbon and fossil fuels?
41. eat to gain energy
42. The existence of a wide range of different types of organisms in a given place at a given time
43. The part of the earth (or planet) that is capable of supporting life
45. the number of individuals per unit area
48. Zone closest to the surface Means “region of mixing” All weather occurs in this zone
49. Fungi and bacteria that breakdown remains of consumers and producers
50. Is a group of organisms of one species that interbreed and live in the same space at the same time
51. Continues up to about 50 km from the surface Ozone Layer- absorbs UV energy from the sun and releases it as heat
52. The practice of Farming, including the cultivation of crops and raising of livestock, such as cows, chickens, goats, and sheep.
54. Make their own energy (food) from sunlight (autotrophs)
55. The range of abiotic factors an organism can tolerate
56. Hottest and driest of all the biomes
59. The role or function of an organism within its environment
61. Coastal biome with hot and dry summers and short mild-rainy winter season

Across

1. The average number of children born alive to a woman in her lifetime.
5. The number of people living in a square kilometre (or other unit of area).
8. refers to the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system.
9. The average age that a new-born child is expected to live to.
10. A policy that discourages human reproduction.
15. The difference between the number of people entering a country (immigration) and the number of people leaving a country (emigration).
16. The difference between the birth rates and death rates, and the change in numbers due to migration, in a population.
18. 15-49 years old
20. To leave one community or area in order to settle in another area.
24. The number of deaths per thousand people in the population, per year.
27. When water soaks into soils, removing the minerals and nutrients and reducing their ability to support plant life.
28. The study of how and why populations change in size and how they can be managed.
29. A population with a high percentage of young people (15 years or younger).
32. People migrating into a country
34. The movement of peoples from one place in the world to another.
36. The branch of medical care dealing with children and childhood diseases.
37. The change in the size of a population due to birth rates, death rates and net migration rates.
40. To estimate the number of years for a population to double, take the number 70 and divide it by the growth rate of the population.
41. based on averages; the number of years that someone is expected to live from a specific starting point; it changes as one grows older, and faces different risks.
42. Land or a climate that has little or no rainfall. It is too dry to support vegetation.
44. The number of males and females within different age groups in a given population.
45. The way in which the population is spread out across a given area.
46. The number of infant deaths for every 1000 live births, of children under the age of one.
47. Industry that converts raw materials such as farming or mining products into products for sale. The manufacturing industry.
48. The difference between the birth rates and death rates in a population; natural increase differs from overallincrease.
49. The youth dependency ratio is a measure of the young dependents (age 0 – 14) in a population, people younger than the age of 15 in relation to the working–age population (15 - 64 years old) as a ratio.

Down

2. The total dependency ratio is a measure of both the young (age 0 – 14 years) and old dependents (age 65 and older) added together to show their number versus the independent population (15 - 64 year olds). The ratio is expressed as the total number of dependents (young and old) per hundred people in the workforce.
3. industry such as mining, agriculture, fishing or forestry that is harvesting raw materials.
4. The number of live births per 1000 women (age 15–49) in the population, per year.
6. The rate at which the population replaces itself from one generation to the next (excluding migration).
7. A medical procedure used to make a person unable to have children.
11. hypothesized that unchecked population growth would quickly exceed carrying capacity, leading to overpopulation and social problems (famine/war).
12. hypothesized that food production can & will increase to match the needs of the population; improved farming methods & new technologies enable this to happen.
13. Where a family or people produce sufficient food for themselves, they do not have extra produce to sell.
14. The number of children, per 1000 live births, that die under the age of five in a population in a year.
17. equals the CBR – CDR.
19. To move into an area or region in order to settle down and live.
21. The change in the size of a population due to birth and death rates.
22. The old dependency ratio is the number of old dependents (age 65+) in a population, people older than 64 in relation to the working-age population (15 - 64 years old) as a ratio. The ratio is expressed as the total number of old dependents per hundred people in the workforce.
23. A policy that promotes human reproduction.
25. A population with a high percentage of old people (aged 65 years or older).
26. These are factors that are causing people to leave an area. They may include factors such as war, drought, floods or the lack of housing, food, education, jobs or a poor standard of living.
30. (CBR) the number of live births occurring among the population of a given geographical area during a given year
31. People migrating out of a country.
33. The dependency ratio is the measure of the dependents (non-working) portion of the population (age groups 0-14 and 65+) compared to the total independent (working) portion of the population ( 15 - 64 years). The ratio is expressed as the number of dependents per hundred people in the workforce.
35. is a graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population (typically that of a country or region of the world), which forms the shape of a pyramid when the population is growing.
38. (TFR) the average number of children a woman would have assuming that current age-specific birth rates remain constant throughout her childbearing years.
39. of a biological species in an environment is the maximum population size of the species that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the food, habitat, water, and other necessities available in the environment.
43. The number of live births per thousand people in the population, per year. Also known as the crude birth rate as it does not take age or gender into account.