forestry Crossword Puzzles

Across

3. Industry-An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
6. Place Theory- A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
8. Delivery- Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
10. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
11. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
13. Factors of Industry- These factors result from the unique characteristics of a location. These are labor, capital, and land.
15. Factors of Industry- These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
16. Service-
18. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.
21. Economic Activities- The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
22. - A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.
23. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.
24. Economic Activities-Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
25. Place- A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
26. Trade- An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
27. service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
29. Base- A community’s collection of basic businesses.
30. area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
31. Business- A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.

Down

1. Economic Activities- A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
2. Industry- Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.
4. Industry- An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.
5. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
7. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
9. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.
12. Trade-International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
14. Industry- Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution.
17. Area-The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
19. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
20. Service- A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
28. Revolution- The Industrial Revolution, now also known as the First Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.

Across

3. Industry-An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
6. Place Theory- A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
8. Delivery- Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
10. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
11. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
13. Factors of Industry- These factors result from the unique characteristics of a location. These are labor, capital, and land.
15. Factors of Industry- These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
16. Service-
18. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.
21. Economic Activities- The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
22. - A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.
23. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.
24. Economic Activities-Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
25. Place- A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
26. Trade- An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
27. service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
29. Base- A community’s collection of basic businesses.
30. area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
31. Business- A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.

Down

1. Economic Activities- A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
2. Industry- Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.
4. Industry- An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.
5. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
7. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
9. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.
12. Trade-International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
14. Industry- Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution.
17. Area-The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
19. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
20. Service- A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
28. Revolution- The Industrial Revolution, now also known as the First Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.

Across

6. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
7. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
9. A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
10. A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
11. These factors result from the unique characteristics of a location. These are labor, capital, and land.
15. A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
16. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
19. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution.
22. The Industrial Revolution, now also known as the First Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
24. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.
25. A service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
27. An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
28. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
29. A community’s collection of basic businesses.
30. An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.

Down

1. A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
2. A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.
3. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.
4. Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.Example: Fabricated Metal Factories; Beverage Bottling Factories
5. Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
8. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
12. The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
13. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
14. These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
17. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.
18. An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.Example: Copper Mining
20. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.
21. International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
23. Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
26. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.

Across

3. Industry-An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
6. Place Theory- A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
8. Delivery- Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
10. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
11. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
13. Factors of Industry- These factors result from the unique characteristics of a location. These are labor, capital, and land.
15. Factors of Industry- These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
16. Service-
18. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.
21. Economic Activities- The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
22. - A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.
23. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.
24. Economic Activities-Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
25. Place- A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
26. Trade- An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
27. service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
29. Base- A community’s collection of basic businesses.
30. area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
31. Business- A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.

Down

1. Economic Activities- A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
2. Industry- Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.
4. Industry- An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.
5. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
7. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
9. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.
12. Trade-International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
14. Industry- Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution.
17. Area-The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
19. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
20. Service- A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
28. Revolution- The Industrial Revolution, now also known as the First Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.

Across

2. the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840
3. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution.
5. These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
9. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
12. A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.
14. These factors result from the unique characteristics of a location. These are labor, capital, and land.
16. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
17. An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
19. An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
20. Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
22. Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
24. The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
25. A service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
27. Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.
28. An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.
29. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.
30. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.

Down

1. A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
4. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.
6. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
7. International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
8. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
10. A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
11. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
13. A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
15. A community’s collection of basic businesses.
18. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
21. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
23. A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
26. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.

Across

2. The Industrial Revolution, now also known as the First Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
3. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution.
5. These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
9. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
12. A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.
14. These factors result from the unique characteristics of a location. These are labor, capital, and land.
16. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
17. An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
19. An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
20. Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
22. Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
24. The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
25. A service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
27. Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.
28. An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.
29. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.
30. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.

Down

1. A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
4. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.
6. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
7. International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
8. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
10. A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
11. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
13. A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
15. A community’s collection of basic businesses.
18. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
21. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
23. A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
26. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.

Across

2. The Industrial Revolution, now also known as the First Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
3. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution.
5. These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
9. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
12. A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.
14. These factors result from the unique characteristics of a location. These are labor, capital, and land.
16. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
17. An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
19. An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
20. Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
22. Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
24. The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
25. A service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
27. Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.
28. An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.
29. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.
30. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.

Down

1. A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
4. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.
6. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
7. International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
8. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
10. A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
11. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
13. A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
15. A community’s collection of basic businesses.
18. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
21. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
23. A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
26. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.

Across

6. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
7. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
9. A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
10. A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
11. These factors result from the unique characteristics of a location. These are labor, capital, and land.Situation Factors of Industry
15. A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
16. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
19. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution.
22. The Industrial Revolution, now also known as the First Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
24. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.
25. A service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
27. An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
28. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
29. A community’s collection of basic businesses.
30. An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.

Down

1. A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
2. A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.
3. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.
4. Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.
5. Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
8. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
12. The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
13. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
14. These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
17. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.
18. An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.
20. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.
21. International trade left its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
23. Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
26. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.

Across

3. Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
4. Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.
8. A service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
11. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.
14. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.
18. These factors result from the unique characteristics of a location. These are labor, capital, and land.
20. Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
23. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
24. An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
25. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution.
26. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
27. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
28. These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
29. A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
30. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.

Down

1. A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
2. An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.
5. A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
6. An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
7. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
9. A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.
10. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
12. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
13. The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
15. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
16. A community’s collection of basic businesses.
17. A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
19. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.
21. International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
22. The Industrial Revolution, now also known as the First Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.

Across

3. Wood rack - think 3-string guitar
4. Connecticut wood source (feminine gender)
7. Mika’s lament
9. A basket of wood, but empty...You may be in-cline-d to ask Julie.... Remember, your cash prize is ‘on the line’ here! (2-words)
11. Forest floor detritus - through Eric’s eyes
12. What Eli does as the tree falls - less than 48 down. Hurry Eli!! Note - this is a 2-word answer
13. Watch out for this when splitting
16. Would you rather go sport fishing - or cut trees?
17. Scrooge of the logging world - think Dickens tale
20. Best wood for neighbor
21. Transport worry, but of less concern after father/son repair
23. Popular niche item at the stand
24. Rhyming S. A. danger -it lurks in the forest, or perhaps in the meadows, or possibly at the edge of the st.
25. Early woodcutting alternative
30. Best chain is this
31. Don’t tell anyone where you got it! Thanks Kelleys!
32. Don’t dare try to get any of these with no strings attached! Think literal
34. Firewood seller’s catch-all misnomer
35. We can’t be held responsible for these!
38. Jersey request - these sticks! Think PT Barnum
39. At beginning or end it means the same - think signage
40. Most beautiful male tree part - more than 53 down
42. All the rage! Trendy! Julie has some and so do we
43. Always nice to see one of these folks
45. Carl did it free
46. Possibly kindling - with a canine twist
47. Jack Daniels maker’s favorite - at least I think so...
49. At Jordan’s - Buy two, get_____free Think Mom/Gma ‘Better in.......’
50. Hey Mika - What kind of wood is this?
52. Jenny’s Iowan misunderstanding of old - species?
54. Best deal at the stand
56. I can’t believe they bought it! A wheelbarrow full of 31 across
60. Chain saw foe
61. ‘Average’ furnace
62. You’ll find none of that in our woods!
63. Why bother cutting wood at all when you have this
65. Solomon threatened it once (but didn’t follow through), we do regularly!
66. Tyler’s lumber type
67. Oh no! Not more dead/dying _____ (this well-liked species)

Down

1. Pinus_____; ——-Ergo? Napoleanic palindrome will at least give you a start - do some research! You WILL find some of that in our woods!
2. Not as soft as it’s name implies! You’ll probably kick yourself when you get this one!
3. Jordan wood never (well - hardly ever..) does this :-)
5. Punky and/or half rotten - of family lore status!
6. Wood heat early morning downside - think 2-word clue part rhyme
8. Firewood cutter’s friend of sorts - do I sense a somewhat devious double entendre in the offing? sp?
10. In a sense, this is like music to my ears, but probably just noise to others
14. Eli’s Truck/lumber numerical crossover term
15. Concern shared by batter and chain saw operator
18. Structural Components of an unintended highrise mouse apartment house
19. What Carl does when Jordans show up - snack anyone?
22. When we’re done, this appealing critter homesite awaits occupancy
26. Scribner or Doyle for example - research needed! Rich can no doubt help here!
27. When on, this possibility really ticks off us woodcutters! Right Julie? This is a 2-worder!
28. Loggers’ youthful helper
29. Map it! Joke on ‘new boy’ at forestry school :-)
33. Protective gear - think British
36. Lumber piles ______ when Tyler comes
37. They do most of the work for us
41. A la ‘Mike Wilkins’
44. Linda’s obsession
48. Difficult woodcutters’ digestive ailment - this is a 2-word clue and you better hurry up to figure it out!!
51. One of our falling shorts: ______ our lumber
52. See this cut? Eli did it!
53. There’s gotta be a market for this somewhere???
55. Woodcutter’s tool, or less than an embarrassing moment
57. Hey Dad - What kind of wood is that? ‘I don’t remember....‘
58. Sounds like a dangerous arachnid to me!
59. Ashwood wet or dry warms his slippers - think poetry EXACTLY as written.... Another 2-worder!
64. Eli is sometimes one in the woods, but he won’t end up in jail
66. One per tree - they’ll dot the woods long after we’re gone

Across

2. Aircraft. involved primarily in designing aircraft and propulsion systems and in studying the aerodynamic performance of aircraft and construction materials.
4. steam engine. Someone who's job is to design, test, and develop car parts or parts used in cars.
5. X Ray Machines. something we use to see bones the combined use of mechanical engineering principals and biological knowledge to better understand how these areas intersect and how they can be used together to potentially improve peoples' quality of life.
9. Designs animal habits. work outside and inside a lab. They work inside the lab when they are taking care of animals. They work outside when they are observing animals in the wildlife.
10. They make sure an object is meeting the criteria.works within the quality team to ensure the overall quality of a manufactured product and is tasked with creating documentation, devising quality tests and defining the criteria a test result should meet.
11. Missile. details are technical details pertaining to the components of a radar and their ability to detect the return energy from moving scatters — determining an object's position or obstruction in the environment.
13. Test the stress points of material. are responsible for leading scientific research enabling manufacture of innovative device architectures coupled with the realization of these architectures.
16. Bazooka for Military. technicians assist scientists and engineers by working to solve technical problems.
17. Software Products. an individual who is concerned with the mechanics of the development and processing of software products.
20. Designs X-ray machines to view bodies. is someone who deals with the provision of clean water, disposal of waste water and sewage, and the prevention of flood damage.
21. Wheels Junior. mechanical engineers test, build, and develop mechanical devices of all types, including machines, engines, and tools.
22. Active noise cancellation. the aggregate of methods and facilities for the generation of mechanical oscillations (vibrations) in the frequency range from about 10 megahertz to 10 kilohertz, as well as means for controlling the vibrations, measuring and monitoring them, and preventing harmful vibrations.
24. Packages. is an interdisciplinary field integrating science, engineering, technology and management to protect and identify products for distribution, storage, sale, and use. It encompasses the process of design, evaluation, and production of packages.
25. Multi degree pipe wrench. the branch of engineering dealing with the design and production of machinery.

Down

1. Knowledge.is a professional engaged in the science of building advanced logic into computer systems in order to try to simulate human decision-making and high-level cognitive tasks.
3. Support for where water goes. is someone who deals with the provision of clean water, disposal of waste water and sewage, and the prevention of flood damage.
6. Mechanical calculator. someone who researches, designs, develops, and tests computer equipment such as chips, circuit boards, or routers.
7. Virtual Reality.the branch of engineering that deals with the practical application of the theory of electricity to the construction of machinery, power supplies, etc.
8. Telescopes. is the branch of engineering concerned with the application of breaking down atomic nuclei (fission) or of combining atomic nuclei (fusion), or with the application of other sub-atomic processes based on the principles of nuclear physics.
12. Traffic safety. are transportation engineers who specialize in the design and maintenance of safe roads and highways.
14. Water Treatment Plant. is a civil engineer who works for a utility company, such as a water, gas, or electric company.
15. Solar panels. deals with the design and development of power plants, systems and products that operate on solar power.
18. media monitoring. the engineering specialization focused on the principle and operation of measuring instruments that are used in design and configuration of automated systems in areas such as electrical and pneumatic domains, and the control of quantities being measured.
19. Roads. investigate things that are part of or are made to be part of the earth, including roads, mines and quarries, dams, petroleum production, railways, building projects, pipelines, and forestry operations.
23. Atomic bomb. is the branch of engineering concerned with the application of breaking down atomic nuclei (fission) or of combining atomic nuclei (fusion), or with the application of other sub-atomic processes based on the principles of nuclear physics.

Across

1. the science or practice of forming including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide wool, food, and other products. Is the backbone and very important in chapter and industrialization of the world 5 (VIT)
4. planned economic and community development that attempts to curb urban sprawl and worsening environmental conditions 7 (CC)
9. philosophy of designing physical objects, the built environment, and services to comply with the principles of ecological sustainability 7 (CC)
10. cyclical migration practiced by semi nomadic herds typically to higher pastures in summer and lower valleys in winter 2 (IDK)
11. the population density measured as the number of farmers per unit of arable land 2 (CC)
13. a nation or territory considered as an organized community under one government. the whole world is composed of states 4 (VIT)
14. the method of human communication. language is very diverse and very important in being able to identify culture 3 (VIT)
16. a person's physical characteristics 3 (CC)
18. primarily engaged in growing crops, raising animals, and harvesting other animals from a farm, ranch, or their natural habitat 5 (CC)
20. a boundary based on ethnographic and cultural considerations such as language and religion 4 (IDK)
21. the theory that the environment sets certain constraints or limitations, but culture is otherwise determined by social conditions. 1 (IDK)
22. process by which real estate agents convince white property owner to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that persons of color will soon move into the neighborhood 7 (IDK)
24. the process of physically marking a boundary on a landscape 4 (IDK)
25. the movement of people from one place to another. Base of this chapter which includes more specific types of migration 2 (VIT)
27. compares the ability of men and women to participate in economic and political decision making 6 (IDK)
28. what a state's dollar can actually buy compared to another state's dollar, what a country is able to buy 6 (IDK)
32. an improved form of tertiary sector as it involves the services related to the knowledge sector 6 (CC)
33. a characteristic of human action that's acquired by people socially and transmitted via various modes of communication. 1 (IDK)
35. the fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a common national of cultural tradition 3 (IDK)

Down

2. the practice of clearing fields with various tools and technologies 5 (IDK)
3. the idea of a homeland for jewish people 3 (IDK)
5. the extraction of raw materials which includes agriculture, mining, forestry, farming, grazing, etc 5 (CC)
6. the action to incorporate the domain of a city, country, or state 4 (CC)
7. location of a place on earth relative to other places 1 (CC)
8. changes in manufacturing and transportation that began with fewer things being made by hand but instead by machines in larger scale factories. Important due to it being the start of more industrialized countries 6 (VIT)
12. The central portion of a city, characterized by high density land uses; the area of a city where retail and office activities are clustered. Marked by high land values, a concentration of business and concentration, and clustering of the tallest buildings. Important because this is what creates cities 7 (VIT)
15. the number of people per unit of arable land 2 (CC)
17. the action or process of regions or areas collecting in mass usually for certain advantages 7 (IDK)
19. the seeking out of regional culture in response to uncertainty of the modern world 3 (IDK)
23. the study of the physical features of the earth and its atmosphere and human activity as it affects and is affected. Whole course is based on this word. 1 (VIT)
26. providing necessary support to the primary activities or operation of an organization, institution, industry, or system 5 (IDK)
29. a policy of advocating the restoration to a country of any territory formerly belonging to it 4 (CC)
30. physical characteristics of a place 1 (CC)
31. population policies which favor the promotion of birth control among certain groups in the population 2 (IDK)
34. services included in the sector focus on interpretation of existing or the new ideas, evaluation of new technologies, and the creation of services 6 (CC)

Across

4. the action or process of regions or areas collecting in mass usually for certain advantages 7 (IDK)
8. the population density measured as the number of farmers per unit of arable land 2 (CC)
11. the science or practice of forming including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide wool, food, and other products. Is the backbone and very important in chapter and industrialization of the world 5 (VIT)
13. population policies which favor the promotion of birth control among certain groups in the population 2 (IDK)
14. a person's physical characteristics 3 (CC)
15. location of a place on earth relative to other places 1 (CC)
18. a policy of advocating the restoration to a country of any territory formerly belonging to it 4 (CC)
20. changes in manufacturing and transportation that began with fewer things being made by hand but instead by machines in larger scale factories. Important due to it being the start of more industrialized countries 6 (VIT)
22. an improved form of tertiary sector as it involves the services related to the knowledge sector 6 (CC)
23. the number of people per unit of arable land 2 (CC)
24. compares the ability of men and women to participate in economic and political decision making 6 (IDK)
25. a characteristic of human action that's acquired by people socially and transmitted via various modes of communication. 1 (IDK)
26. planned economic and community development that attempts to curb urban sprawl and worsening environmental conditions 7 (CC)
29. the practice of clearing fields with various tools and technologies 5 (IDK)
30. physical characteristics of a place 1 (CC)
32. the process of physically marking a boundary on a landscape 4 (IDK)
34. the study of the physical features of the earth and its atmosphere and human activity as it affects and is affected. Whole course is based on this word. 1 (VIT)
35. providing necessary support to the primary activities or operation of an organization, institution, industry, or system 5 (IDK)

Down

1. the method of human communication. language is very diverse and very important in being able to identify culture 3 (VIT)
2. the idea of a homeland for Jewish people 3 (IDK)
3. primarily engaged in growing crops, raising animals, and harvesting other animals from a farm, ranch, or their natural habitat 5 (CC)
5. the fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a common national of cultural tradition 3 (IDK)
6. what a state's dollar can actually buy compared to another state's dollar, what a country is able to buy 6 (IDK)
7. The central portion of a city, characterized by high density land uses; the area of a city where retail and office activities are clustered. Marked by high land values, a concentration of business and concentration, and clustering of the tallest buildings. Important because this is what creates cities 7 (VIT)
9. cyclical migration practiced by semi nomadic herds typically to higher pastures in summer and lower valleys in winter 2 (IDK)
10. the theory that the environment sets certain constraints or limitations, but culture is otherwise determined by social conditions. 1 (IDK)
12. a boundary based on ethnographic and cultural considerations such as language and religion 4 (IDK)
16. the extraction of raw materials which includes agriculture, mining, forestry, farming, grazing, etc 5 (CC)
17. process by which real estate agents convince white property owner to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that persons of color will soon move into the neighborhood 7 (IDK)
19. the movement of people from one place to another. Base of this chapter which includes more specific types of migration 2 (VIT)
21. philosophy of designing physical objects, the built environment, and services to comply with the principles of ecological sustainability 7 (CC)
27. the seeking out of regional culture in response to uncertainty of the modern world 3 (IDK)
28. a nation or territory considered as an organized community under one government. the whole world is composed of states 4 (VIT)
31. the action to incorporate the domain of a city, country, or state 4 (CC)
33. services included in the sector focus on interpretation of existing or the new ideas, evaluation of new technologies, and the creation of services 6 (CC)

Across

2. The Industrial Revolution, now also known as the First Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
3. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution.
5. These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
9. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
12. A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.
14. These factors result from the unique characteristics of a location. These are labor, capital, and land.
16. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
17. An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
19. An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
20. Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
22. Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
24. The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
25. A service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
27. Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.
28. An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.
29. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.
30. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.

Down

1. A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
4. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.
6. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
7. International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
8. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
10. A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
11. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
13. A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
15. A community’s collection of basic businesses.
18. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
21. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
23. A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
26. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.

Across

2. The Industrial Revolution, now also known as the First Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
3. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution.
5. These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
9. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
12. A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.
14. These factors result from the unique characteristics of a location. These are labor, capital, and land.
16. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
17. An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
19. An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
20. Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
22. Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
24. The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
25. A service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
27. Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.
28. An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.
29. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.
30. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.

Down

1. A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
4. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.
6. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
7. International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
8. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
10. A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
11. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
13. A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
15. A community’s collection of basic businesses.
18. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
21. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
23. A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
26. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.

Across

2. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.
5. A service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
7. These factors result from the unique characteristics of a location. These are labor, capital, and land.
11. A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
13. A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
14. These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
15. Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.
18. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
19. trade An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
20. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
21. area The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
22. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
23. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
25. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
26. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution.
28. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing
29. A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
30. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.

Down

1. the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
3. A community’s collection of basic businesses.
4. International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
6. Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
8. A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
9. A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.
10. Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
12. An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.
16. An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
17. The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
24. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.
27. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.

Across

2. The Industrial Revolution, now also known as the First Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
3. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution.
5. These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
9. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
12. A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.
14. These factors result from the unique characteristics of a location. These are labor, capital, and land.
16. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
17. An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
19. An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
20. Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
22. Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
24. The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
25. A service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
27. Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.
28. An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.
29. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.
30. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.

Down

1. A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
4. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.
6. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
7. International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
8. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
10. A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
11. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
13. A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
15. A community’s collection of basic businesses.
18. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
21. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
23. A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
26. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.

Across

2. The Industrial Revolution, now also known as the First Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
3. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution.
5. These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
9. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
12. A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.
14. These factors result from the unique characteristics of a location. These are labor, capital, and land.
16. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
17. An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
19. An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
20. Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
22. Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
24. The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
25. A service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
27. Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.
28. An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.
29. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.
30. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.

Down

1. A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
4. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.
6. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
7. International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
8. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
10. A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
11. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
13. A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
15. A community’s collection of basic businesses.
18. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
21. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
23. A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
26. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.

Across

4. / the geological and chemical study of rocks
5. Physics / the branch of physics concerned with the nucleus of the atom
6. / the application of theories and methods of the physical sciences to questions of biology
7. / the science concerned with maintaining health and restoring it by treating disease
10. / gather information and resources
11. / summing-up experiment
14. / the study of animals
17. / the study of celestial objects in the universe
18. / the study of the material remains of cultures
21. / study of the atmosphere that focuses on weather processes and forecasting
22. / second (s)
23. / the study of the physics of the universe
25. / the study of microorganisms, including viruses, prokaryotes and simple eukaryotes
28. / this object is used to go on the Internet and do work portably. This object has a huge impact on society because it helps people be able to do work anywhere and anytime
29. Science / the science of the interactions between the physical, chemical, and biological components of the environment
31. Chemistry / the branch of chemistry dedicated to the study of the structures, synthesis, and reactions of carbon-containing compounds
32. / kilogram (kg)
34. Biology / the study of biology at a molecular level
35. / the study of the behavior and properties of matter
37. / the study of life-forms existing in former geological time periods
40. / science and technology of electronic phenomena
42. / the study of bacteria in relation to disease
45. / the study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organisms
46. Cooper / inventor of the mobile phone in 1973
47. Current / ampere (A)
49. / the practical application of science to commerce or industry
51. / facts and statistics collected for an analysis
55. / testing your hypothesis
58. / this object is used to write things down on paper that can be erased. This object has a huge impact on society because if we didn’t have pencils, we would have less long-lasting objects to write things down with
59. Gessner / inventor of the pencil in 1564
60. phone / this object is used to communicate with others portably. This object has a huge impact on society because if we didn’t have mobile phones, we wouldn’t be able to communicate with others all the time
61. Intensity / candela (cd)
63. / the scientific study of plant life

Down

1. Moggridge / creator of the laptop in 1980
2. / the branch of medicine dealing with the nervous system and its disorders
3. / the branch of medicine dealing with the applications of radiant energy, including x-rays and radioisotopes
6. / the study of the organic chemistry of compounds and processes occurring in organisms
8. / the study of insects
9. / stating a problem
12. Engineering / the application of science, mathematics, and economics to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms
13. / the study of birds
15. / the study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals
16. chart / Displays contribution of each value to a total
17. / the study of the motion of gas on objects and the forces created
18. / the study of human cultures both past and present
19. / the study of climates and investigations of its phenomena and causes
20. / the study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment
24. / the study of earthquakes and the movement of waves through the Earth
25. / a science dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement
26. / the physics of energy, heat, work, entropy and the spontaneity of processes
27. / the science of matter and its interactions with energy and itself
30. / the science of classification of animals and plants
33. / find the outcome
36. / the science of studying and managing forests and plantations, and related natural resources
38. / meter (m)
39. / educated guess
41. Science / the systematic study of computing systems and computation
43. / Kelvin (K)
44. / study of the earth's oceans and their interlinked ecosystems and chemical and physical processes
48. / the study of the structure and organization of living things
50. / the science of genes, heredity, and the variation of organisms
52. of substance / mole (mol)
53. / the science of the Earth, its structure, and history
54. / the science that studies living organisms
56. / tell others about discovery
57. Biology / the study of animal and plant life within saltwater ecosystems
62. chart / compare values across categories

Across

2. turkey : The species of turkey that is the largest of the subspecies with longer legs and larger feet.
4. : The term that refers to a seedling/spling forrest.
6. game : Game that requires cultivated land, non-migratory, and has a short cruising radius of less than 1 mile.
8. : Juvenile hens that move 2 to 3 times as far as adults, over 20 miles from winter home ranges.
10. mast : the type of food that comes from trees and makes up 50-70% of the turkeys diet in the fall and winter months
11. game : Game that requires the absence of farming, grazing, and forest management.
14. game : Game that makes annual long or short distance movement between breeding and non-breeding ranges.
16. mortality : The premise that each animal killed by hunters is and additional death that adds to the overall mortality rate.
17. forest : This term refers to is the observed process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time.
19. : the concept that an inverse relationship exist between productivity and abundance. Therefore a population reduced by hunting will be more successful.
20. Leopold : The father of wildlife management.
21. : Provides cover and from predators and brood habitat in the winter months.
22. : Harvest information program
24. game : Game that inhabits non-cultivated land, compatible with forestry and livestock operations, and has a cruising radius of 5 miles or more.
26. : The term that refers to an animal that eats both plants and animals.
27. turkey : The species of turkey that is found primarily in the Ponderosa Pines and western mountain regions of the U.S.
28. : Know as the “blackhead disease,” and is caused by protozoan parasites.
31. mortality : The concept that mortality resulting from hunting will be compensated for by a reduction in mortality from other factors such as predation or weather.
33. sexually : the differences in appearance between males and females of the same species.
34. pox : A disease in turkeys that is transmitted primarily by blood-feeding arthropods
35. turkey: The species of turkey that is found only in the peninsula of Florida and has tail feathers and coverts that are tipped with a chestnut brown color.
36. : The term that refers to removing all trees in an area of land.
37. : The term that refers to the fleshy protrubances that hang over their bills and can be extended or contracted at will.

Down

1. : When male ruffed grouse advertise their presence and define their territory, peaks in spring and fall.
3. turkey : The turkey species in which both male and females are bronze-green with no difference in breast feather colors, has no bread
5. surplus : The number of animals produced that exceed the carrying capacity of the habitat.
7. : Small tree seedlings that make great brood habitat in the winter months.
9. returns : the concept that hunting is self-regulated because as the season progresses, hunter numbers and success rates decrease.
10. surplus : The concept that most animals produce more young than necessary to maintain the population, therefore removing these individuals with hunting will not affect the population.
12. turkey : The species of turkey that is most widely distributed, abundant, and hunted in the U.S.
13. : The term that refers to a life of little to no physical activity, spending a lot of time seated.
15. : a physical trait that allows upland birds to be able to walk on snow as if they had snowshoes.
17. ground : The term that refers to a clear-cut area where male woodcocks performs mating rituals.
18. : the term that refers to land that provides breeding, nesting, brood-rearing, and fall habitat all within 40 acers.
23. : The term that refers to sitting on or brooding the eggs of birds to hatch them.
25. Grande turkey : The species of turkey that is native to the central plain states and has tail and covert feathers that are tipped with tan or yellowish- buff.
29. hatching : the term refers to when all grouse eggs hatch within 24 hours of one another.
30. populations : The concept that as prey population goes down in Canada and Alaska when the predator population goes up in the great lakes.
32. : The term that describes how chicks are fed by the mother hen for the first 3-4 day after hatching

Across

1. An institutional arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.
5. A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
7. A community’s collection of basic businesses.
8. An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
10. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the Industrial Revolution
12. The transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market.
13. A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
15. These factors involve transporting materials to and from a factory. A firm seeks a location that minimizes the cost of transporting inputs to the factory and finished goods to consumers.
19. A commodity, article, or service brought in from abroad (a foreign country) for sale.
20. A business that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.
23. Economic activities that involve the processing of raw materials (primary products). Examples would include turning timber into furniture and turning iron-ore into steel. Any factory can be seen as a system involving inputs (e.g. timber) processes (e.g. cabinet making) and outputs (e.g. tables and chairs).
25. A service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services.
26. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
27. International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
28. These factors result from the unique characteristics of a location. These are labor, capital, and land.
29. A type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.

Down

2. The period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
3. A process that links people around the world as a result of shared activities and interests. Fueled by technology and an expanding communication network, globalization creates cultural, social, environmental, health, and economic connections among countries.
4. Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The concept of sustainability is composed of three pillars: economic, environmental, and social—also known informally as profits, planet, and people.
6. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as hinterland).
9. An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products.
11. A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
12. The tertiary economic activity or service sector encompasses the production of services instead of end goods that meet the needs of individuals.
14. Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
16. The minimum number of people needed to support a service.
17. A commodity, article, or service sold abroad (to a foreign country).
18. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.
21. Makes something that gains volume or weight during production.
22. The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services (also known as market area).
24. The Industrial Revolution, now also known as the First Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.

Across

2. A small country that holds an important location. It is at the crossroads of Africa and sits beside a gulf, where land and sea scatter. Though small in size, it has a strategic importance and it connects two seas. It is situated in the Horn of Africa, where land meets the sea.
3. Which term describes governance influenced by emotions rather than rational policy-making?
5. It is a blend of agriculture and forestry to create a sustainable land-use practice. By integrating trees with crops or livestock, it helps conserve soil, enhance biodiversity, and improve overall land health. What is it ?
7. This technology works in superpositions in many states, not just one or two. This technology processes in ways classical computer’s can’t. It is considered the future of computing. Can you name this technology ?
8. Coin which is not minted. A coin which is not issued by the central banks or by the government. A coin which cannot be touched. A coin which can be obtained by solving mathematical problems
10. I revolutionized physics with my theory of relativity and changed the way we understand space and time. I’m known for the equation E=mc². Who am I?
12. I occur regularly in democracies and allow people to choose their leaders or decide on policies. Citizens cast votes to have their voices heard, and the results can shape the future of a nation. What am I?
13. It is a large, slow-moving mass of ice, formed over centuries from compacted snow. It shapes landscapes, carves valleys, and can be found in polar regions or high mountains. What is it ?
14. It is too small to be seen with the naked eye and can spread quickly from person to person. Though it is not considered alive, it can take over your cells and make them create more of it. It can make you sick, but it cannot survive on its own. What is it ?
15. There is a site in Indus Valley Civilization that has a complex water management system. The city had large reservoirs, step wells, and channels designed to capture and store rainwater. Archaeologists discovered that these water systems were arranged in a specific order, with each structure serving a unique purpose. Which city is that ?

Down

1. In a country, elections are held every few years, and the boundaries that define where people vote must sometimes change. The number of seats in the nationallegislature is fixed, but over time, the population distribution changes across different regions. This change makes it necessary to redraw the lines that define each voting area to ensure that each constituency has roughly the same number of people. This process is called as
2. What is this economic phenomenon called when the value of the Indian rupee falls relative to other currencies?
4. It is a large, slow-moving mass of ice, formed over countries from compacted snow. It shapes landscapes, carves valleys, and can be found in polar regions or high mountains. What is it ?
6. An economy where old products are taken and turned into new products. It is an economy where there is recycling and no wastage is done
9. He was born in the 13th century, in a land where the Persian language flourished, and he became known for his mastery of poetry and music. He served as a royal courtier, advisor, and scholar to several rulers of the Delhi Sultanate. He is often called the "father of Urdu literature" and is credited with blending Persian, Arabic, and local Indian languages to create a new form of poetry. He is also known for his contribution to classical music and for being a close companion of the famous ruler, Sultan Alauddin Khilji.
11. I am a tax on imports or exports, often used to protect local industries or generate government revenue. What am I?

Across

2. is a form of pastoralism in which livestock are herded in order to seek for fresh pastures on which to graze. True nomads follow an irregular pattern of movement, in contrast with transhumance, where seasonal pastures are fixed.
4. is the practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same land. Maize, soybeans, and wheat are three common crops often monocropped. Monocropping is also referred to as continuous cropping, as in "continuous corn.
5. is the large-scale, intensive production of crops and animals, often involving chemical fertilizers on crops or the routine, harmful use of antibiotics in animals (as a way to compensate for filthy conditions, even when the animals are not sick).
8. is the measure of the availability of food and individuals' ability to access it. According to the United Nations' Committee on World Food Security, food security is defined as meaning.
10. is an agricultural system that uses fertilizers of organic origin such as compost manure, green manure, and bone meal and places emphasis on techniques such as crop rotation and companion planting. It originated early in the 20th century in reaction to rapidly changing farming practices.
11. Contour bunding or contour farming or Contour ploughing is the farming practice of plowing and/or planting across a slope following its elevation contour lines.
13. also known as integrated pest control is a broad-based approach that integrates practices for economic control of pests. IPM aims to suppress pest populations below the economic injury level.
14. is an agricultural technique for growing crops or pasture without disturbing the soil through tillage. No-till farming decreases the amount of soil erosion tillage causes in certain soils, especially in sandy and dry soils on sloping terrain.
15. are measures that keep prices for customers below market levels, or for suppliers above market levels, or reduce costs for customers and suppliers.
17. is farming in sustainable ways meeting society's present food and textile needs, without compromising the ability for current or future generations to meet their needs. It can be based on an understanding of ecosystem services.
19. is defined as the disruption of food intake or eating patterns because of lack of money and other resources. In 2014, 17.4 million U.S. households were food insecure at some time during the year. Food insecurity does not necessarily cause hunger, but hungeriii is a possible outcome of food insecurity.
20. is the gradual accumulation of substances, such as pesticides or other chemicals, in an organism. Bioaccumulation occurs when an organism absorbs a substance at a rate faster than that at which the substance is lost or eliminated by catabolism and excretion.

Down

1. is an agricultural system that uses fertilizers of organic origin such as compost manure, green manure, and bone meal and places emphasis on techniques such as crop rotation and companion planting. It originated early in the 20th century in reaction to rapidly changing farming practices.
3. the practice of growing different crops in succession on the same land chiefly to preserve the productive capacity of the soil.
6. is the natural flooding and over-irrigation that brings water at underground levels to the surface. As a consequence, displacement of the air occurs in the soil with corresponding changes in soil processes and an accumulation of toxic substances that impede plant growth.
7. is a multiple cropping practice that involves growing two or more crops in proximity. In other words, intercropping is the cultivation of two or more crops simultaneously on the same field.
9. or the Third Agricultural Revolution, is the set of research technology transfer initiatives occurring between 1950 and the late 1960s, that increased agricultural production in parts of the world, beginning most markedly in the late 1960s.
12. existing for a long or longer than usual time or continuously: such as. a : retained beyond the usual period a persistent leaf. b : continuing without change in function or structure persistent gills. c : effective in the open for an appreciable time usually through slow volatilizing mustard gas is persistent.
16. are a type of pesticide that target a specific pest species. These pesticides have a minimal impact on organisms that are not targeted by the pesticide. Selective pesticides can be applied directly to plants or to the surface of the soil.
18. bridges the gap that often separates agriculture and forestry by building integrated systems that address both environmental and socio-economic objectives. Agroforestry can improve the resiliency of agricultural systems and mitigate the impacts of climate change.

Across

1. ceramic, compost, decomposition, deforestation, depth, forestry, garbage, glass, landfill, livestock, measure, microorganism, mining, plastic, pollution, resource, sand, waste, fabric, fabrication, nail, napkin, pulp, toy, deposit, leather, amount, composition, dump, leftovers, origin, can, peel, worm, misuse, recycling, bean, lentil, tool, utensil.

Down

Across

3. the role of the AQIS accredited vet is to ensure animals are fit for __________, and fulfil protocol req. of importing country, as well as ASEL requirements.
4. in the middle east, meat demand is strongly linked to ___________ practice and festivals such as the Eid festival to mark the end of Ramadan, and Eid al-Adha to mark the end of Hajj. (animals selected, slaughtered and shared).
5. Live Export Program activities include: Animal welfare ____________ for animal handlers, increasing supply chain efficiency and performance (through ESCAS and other), market access (liaison with governments etc), and research and development (eg developing ____________ materials (DVDs, pamplets, etc for handlers).
8. in the last few years, the main live export market for australian SHEEP lies in the _____ ______ (2 words) with Qatar, Bahrain, Turkey, Kuwait and Jordan all major importers.
11. what does ESCAS stand for? (5 words)
18. the top causes of mortality and morbidity on board are: 1. __________ (salmonella), 2. inanition (not eating) 3. heat stress, 4. Pneumonia, 5. pink eye, 6. trauma.
20. the new regulations following incidents in 2011 mean that the exporter must have an appropriate and acceptable exporter supply chain assurance system (ESCAS) before the _____ (govt dept) will allow them to export.
21. _____ feed troughs, ______ water troughs, and _____ feeds daily per pen of animals, at 2.5% bodyweight. energy 10MJ/kg, protein 12%.
23. live export contributes $1.8 ________ dollars to the australian economy.
24. there are 6 supply chain elements that are reviewed (with 88 checkpoints): handling, transport, feedlot, lairage/abbatoir, slaughter with __________, slaughter without _________.
25. ships can carry up to 100 thousand sheep or ________ thousand cattle (or combo of both).
26. challenge exporters face is convincing the stakeholders that the trade is subject to _______ opinion in australia and proving that improved animal welfare also improves the product.
27. the number of _______ exported live peaked in 2002 at just under 1 million head. (now around 600, 000).
28. live export of CATTLE to ___________ has decreased from 55% - 43% in the last year. (though they are still by far the greatest import).
31. new regulations imposed following incidents shown in May 2011 include: performance measurement and checklist to ____ standards, livestock traceability, independent 3rd party audits, and reportability and accountability (line of sight).
33. despite the number of cattle and sheep being exported live declining in recent years, _____ per head has never been higher than in the last couple of years.
34. __________ decked ships are being phased out in favour of single decked ships.

Down

1. major challenges the live export market faces : impact of animal rights groups, factors beyond influence (political adgendas of other countries), the cost of __________ on the exporter, and maintaining compliance with _______ every day of the year, at times cheaper alternative supply from US/Somalia/Sudan/Europe.
2. because stock in developing countries is often ___________, the local people can perceive australian stock as wild.
6. potential new live export markets include _____, Iraq, and Algeria.
7. australian livestock is generally regarded as being _____, green, fit and healthy by importers - continued demand.
9. the live export market is an important outlet for australian producers, particularly in __________ _________ (2 words) and NT.
10. a 'short' haul voyage (to SE asia) of approx less than 7 days, does NOT require the presence of a ______________, but does require stockmen.
12. the live export industry aims to provide other countries with __________ and safe red meat.
13. on ships, feed and water supply is __________
14. _____ is the Australian Standard for Export of Livestock. animals checked by AQIS vet beforehand to make sure fit to travel.
15. who pays the AQIS veterinarians salary? the __________
16. _______ have the most variable delivery rate over the last decade or so. at the moment have 100% for _____, almost 100% for cattle, and just over 99% for sheep. if cattle fall below 99%, and sheep below 98%, there is an investigation.
17. bedding for cattle on ships
19. the live export industry employs ____________ thousand people.
22. the number of ______ exported live has been declining since 2001, from approx 6.8 millon - 2.2 million (2012)
29. on LONG haul voyages, vet and stockmen report _______ to DAFF. complete a voyage report at end. (mortality, temperature, hospital status, feed/water, health/welfare).
30. meat and livestock australia conducts research and marketing services. MLA does not regulate, police or _________ ESCAS. this is the job of the dept of agriculture, fisheries and forestry (DAFF).
32. the process: initial _____ by ______or (completes OIE checklist) --> approval and review of reports by DAFF --> performance ______ within the supply chain --> exporter provides DAFF with report --> DAFF makes report publicly avalable on website.
35. a '____' haul voyage is over 12 days, (to the middle east, china, mexico). requires stockmen and veterinarian.

Across

3. The species of turkey that is the largest of the subspecies with longer legs and larger feet.
6. The number of animals produced that exceed the carrying capacity of the habitat.
9. Game that requires the absence of farming, grazing, and forest management.
10. When male ruffed grouse advertise their presence and define their territory, peaks in spring and fall.
13. The term that refers to a clear-cut area where male woodcocks performs mating rituals.
15. The concept that most animals produce more young than necessary to maintain the population, therefore removing these individuals with hunting will not affect the population.
16. Ideal turkey habitat in which it consist of herbaceous ground cover of 90%, average canopy height of 20 inches, and overhead or nearby tree cover of 10-50%.
18. the concept that an inverse relationship exist between productivity and abundance. Therefore a population reduced by hunting will be more successful.
21. The term refers to when all grouse eggs hatch within 24 hours of one another.
22. The species of turkey that is native to the central plain states and has tail and covert feathers that are tipped with tan or yellowish- buff.
23. This term refers to is the observed process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time.
27. The differences in appearance between males and females of the same species.
28. The father of wildlife management.
31. Provides cover and from predators and brood habitat in the winter months.
32. The concept that as prey population goes down in Canada and Alaska when the predator population goes up in the great lakes.
35. The term that refers to a seedling/spling forrest.
38. The term that refers to an animal that eats both plants and animals.
39. Game that inhabits non-cultivated land, compatible with forestry and livestock operations, and has a cruising radius of 5 miles or more.

Down

1. Game that makes annual long or short distance movement between breeding and non-breeding ranges.
2. Juvenile hens that move 2 to 3 times as far as adults, over 20 miles from winter home ranges.
4. The term that refers to the fleshy protrubances that hang over their bills and can be extended or contracted at will.
5. The concept that mortality resulting from hunting will be compensated for by a reduction in mortality from other factors such as predation or weather.
7. the concept that hunting is self-regulated because as the season progresses, hunter numbers and success rates decrease.
8. The species of turkey that is found only in the peninsula of Florida and has tail feathers and coverts that are tipped with a chestnut brown color.
11. The species of turkey that is found primarily in the Ponderosa Pines and western mountain regions of the U.S.
12. The term that refers to sitting on or brooding the eggs of birds to hatch them.
14. A disease in turkeys that is transmitted primarily by blood-feeding arthropods
15. Harvest information program
17. Small tree seedlings that make great brood habitat in the winter months.
19. Game that requires cultivated land, non-migratory, and has a short cruising radius of less than 1 mile.
20. The term that refers to a life of little to no physical activity, spending a lot of time seated.
24. The species of turkey that is most widely distributed, abundant, and hunted in the U.S.
25. The premise that each animal killed by hunters is and additional death that adds to the overall mortality rate.
26. The term that refers to removing all trees in an area of land.
29. Know as the “blackhead disease,” and is caused by protozoan parasites.
30. The type of food that comes from trees and makes up 50-70% of the turkeys diet in the fall and winter months
33. The term that describes how chicks are fed by the mother hen for the first 3-4 day after hatching
34. The term that refers to land that provides breeding, nesting, brood-rearing, and fall habitat all within 40 acers.
36. The turkey species in which both male and females are bronze-green with no difference in breast feather colors, has no bread
37. A physical trait that allows upland birds to be able to walk on snow as if they had snowshoes.

Across

4. Performance-goal oriented people emphasize _______ their peers rather than mastery.
5. A characteristic of extraversion (hint: an adjective, starts with “a”).
7. Type A people are more likely than Type B people to report poor _________ well-being.
8. This type of people like such jobs as lab assistants and chemists.
10. Giving less time to do a personality test is one way to increase the test’s __________.
15. This type of job can promote emotional engagement that facilitates OCB.
16. The last stage of the ASA process.
18. This type of interview involves the use of multiple interviewers.
20. Person-organization fit affects one’s performance mainly through shaping one’s _____________.
21. Interviewers might look at this attribute to infer the interviewee’s self-discipline.
24. The attrition stage of ASA suggests that people either voluntarily or involuntarily _____ an organization when person-organization fit is absent.
26. ____________ citizenship norms refer to the fact that what was once extra-role now becomes people’s in-role expectation.
29. Self-____________ closely observe the norm of a situation and adapt their behaviors accordingly.
33. One characteristic of neuroticism (hint: an adjective, starts with “w”).
34. When proactive people see an _____________, they take it and make something happen with it.
36. An evaluative criterion commonly used in interviews. It is a relatively stable characteristic.
39. Looking for ____________ is one way to discern whether an employee is a good actor or citizen.
40. We _____________ an organization when we think of its culture as its personality.
44. Moral licensing occurs when people use the ____ they have earned from good deeds to do bad deeds.
45. Research has shown that ________ which had more employees performing OCB earned higher revenue.
46. Ingratiation and opinion conformity are examples of ________ management tactics.
49. _________ do not believe that they can control their destiny.
51. A history of doing this suggests that a candidate is likely to perform OCB upon being hired.
52. Research has shown that happy workers are not necessarily ___________ workers.
54. High-conscientiousness people are ___________-oriented.
55. One reason why taller people enjoy greater career success is that they more easily emerge as _________.

Down

1. __________ is a value emphasized by all firms in the construction industry.
2. A type of fit that focuses on differences rather than congruence (hint: an adjective).
3. Intelligence matters less in jobs without problem-solving ___________.
6. _____________ is to collect evidence from multiple sources to reach a conclusion about a job candidate.
9. Promoting vicarious learning of OCB is an ________ way of encouraging OCB in the workplace.
11. Confirmatory bias means that a person seeks out information to support his/her predictions and ________ information which suggests the otherwise.
12. Goals should be specific, difficult, and ________.
13. One characteristic of agreeableness (hint: an adjective, starts with “t”).
14. Person-job fit is about skills whereas person-occupation fit is about ___________.
17. Psychological contracts can promote OCB because employees have a tendency to honor their ___________.
19. The effects of conscientiousness on job performance are stronger when job _________ is higher.
22. The psychological benefit people find after they have engaged in OCB.
23. A characteristic of openness to experience (hint: an adjective, starts with “c”).
25. Race and gender represent ________-level differences.
27. The major reason why positive leadership and supportive organization can draw employee OCB.
28. When people do not fit with others in their surface-level characteristics, they may be socially _______.
30. This personality trait determines socialization success.
31. When interviewers/recruiters already form a favorable pre-interview impression of a candidate, they might ask more ________-framed questions during the interview, resulting in a favorable post-interview score.
32. Making suggestions belongs to a type of OCB that is called ______ virtues.
35. A firm’s social capital is its competitive advantage because competitor firms cannot easily _______ it.
37. OCB culture emphasizes this value.
38. Asking questions in the same ______ is one way to structure an interview.
41. A type of nonverbal behavior.
42. In a classical experiment, researchers found that forestry workers cut fewer trees than the other group when they were asked to “try their _____”.
43. One of the most salient explanations of why smarter people have higher job performance is that they have greater job ______________.
47. People need __________ to help, making cross-functional training important.
48. A _______ culture exists when the behavioral norm is loud and clear.
50. An interview heavily affected by surface-level characteristics of applicants (e.g., gender) is likely to have ______ interview validity.
53. There is a high level of person-organization fit if an employee’s values match with the organization’s ___________.

Across

4. Through _________ digestion methods, treatment facilities can convert food waste into biofuel, a source of renewable energy for a more sustainable environment.
5. As the main culprit of environmental pollution, recent national movements such as ______ zero and individual movements ______ reduction are underway.
7. CSA has a Test Force(TF) that cares about the environment and works to reduce environmental pollution. We publish quarterly news, hold environmental events, and encourage CSA's social and environmental movement. What is the name of this team?
11. Which disease is currently the most threatening virus, affecting daily life around the world, and causing pandemic in its contagiousness and mortality?
15. S energy is renewable energy converted from the sun into thermal or electrical energy.
16. Nonfunctional spacecraft and abandoned launch space vehicle stage turn out to be space d eventually.
17. the outside of the cup is made of paper, inside is a thin layer of plastic. The PP (Polypropylene) film protects the liquid from seeping into the paper (and thereby burning you) and keeps your warm drink from cooling too quickly.
18. Every year on June 5, World ___________ Day(WED), the United Nations (UN) established this day to raise awareness of environmental issues. Topics range from ocean pollution to global warming, sustainable consumption or wildlife crime.
19. It is a movement that picks up trash while jogging. It started in Sweden and spread mainly in Northern Europe. It is a compound word of the Swedish word ‘plocka upp’, which means 'to glean', and the English word ‘jogging’.
20. Globally, the primary sources of greenhouse gas emissions are electricity and heat (31%), _______ (11%), transportation (15%), forestry (6%) and manufacturing (12%). Energy production of all types accounts for 72 percent of all emissions.
21. Of the earth’s natural resources, we tend to think of six as the most important – water, air, oil, natural gas, coal and minerals. However, these resources are finite and rapidly running out. The simple solution to this is the seventh Resource. What is the seventh resource?
23. Human consumption of Earth's natural resources more than ______ between 1970 and 2015. Our use of natural resources is expected to continue growing and more than double from 2015 to 2050.
24. Every 100 pounds of ______ waste in our landfills sends 8.3 pounds of methane into the atmosphere. Over 20 years, methane has 86 times the global warming effect of carbon dioxide.
25. It can be used instead of plastic/vinyl bag. The Green Team held an event to make this product using T-shirts that are not worn. What was it?

Down

1. G energy is heat derived below the earth’s surface which can be harnessed to generate clean, renewable energy.
2. What is the movement to reduce waste generated in daily life such as plastic and vinyl as much as possible?
3. American companies alone use enough _____ to encircle the Earth 3 times.
6. Global warming is an aspect of climate change, referring to the long-term rise of the planet's temperatures. It is caused by increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, mainly from human activities such as burning fossil fuels and _______ agriculture.
8. Plastics that are less than five millimeters in length (or about the size of a sesame seed) are called _______?
9. Food waste ¬¬¬¬____________ helps convert food waste into organic fertiliser. The fertiliser can then be used directly or combined with further elements depending on purpose. This process also helps to reduce food waste cost.
10. Landfills are composed of 35% ________materials.
12. “_______ Effect” is one of the reason cause Global warming when the atmosphere traps heat radiating from Earth toward space.
13. One of environment day, September 22, encourages motorists to give up their cars for a day. The slogan "In Town Without My Car!" It aims to reduce traffic and improve the environment, and holds annual events in over 40 countries around the world.
14. It is an environmental campaign hosted by the World Wildlife Fund, and has been held on the last Saturday of March every year since the first event was held in Sydney, Australia in 2007. It is a symbolic nature conservation campaign that reminds us of the meaning of climate change by turning off the lights for one hour on that day, and it is also widely known that famous landmarks around the world participate.
19. _____is cheap and incredibly versatile with properties that make it ideal for many applications. However, these qualities have also resulted in it becoming an environmental issue. We have developed a “disposable” lifestyle and estimates are that around 50% of ______ is used just once and thrown away.
22. NOT ALL PLASTIC IS RECYCLABLE. Straws, Plastic bag, ______Cup are not recyclable.

Across

3. When proactive people see an _____________, they take it and make something happen with it.
5. One characteristic of neuroticism (hint: an adjective, starts with “w”).
6. When people do not fit with others in their surface-level characteristics, they may be socially _______.
7. A type of fit that focuses on differences rather than congruence (hint: an adjective).
11. Research has shown that happy workers are not necessarily ___________ workers.
12. Person-job fit is about skills whereas person-occupation fit is about ___________.
13. Race and gender represent ________-level differences.
14. _________ do not believe that they can control their destiny.
15. Making suggestions belongs to a type of OCB that is called ______ virtues.
17. Promoting vicarious learning of OCB is an ________ way of encouraging OCB in the workplace.
19. Interviewers might look at this attribute to infer the interviewee’s self-discipline.
20. Type A people are more likely than Type B people to report poor _________ well-being.
22. A firm’s social capital is its competitive advantage because competitor firms cannot easily _______ it.
25. One of the most salient explanations of why smarter people have higher job performance is that they have greater job ______________.
26. Confirmatory bias means that a person seeks out information to support his/her predictions and ________ information which suggests the otherwise.
28. A characteristic of extraversion (hint: an adjective, starts with “a”).
29. A history of doing this suggests that a candidate is likely to perform OCB upon being hired.
31. People need __________ to help, making cross-functional training important.
32. An evaluative criterion commonly used in interviews. It is a relatively stable characteristic.
33. The attrition stage of ASA suggests that people either voluntarily or involuntarily _____ an organization when person-organization fit is absent.
34. ____________ citizenship norms refer to the fact that what was once extra-role now becomes people’s in-role expectation.
36. __________ is a value emphasized by all firms in the construction industry.
39. An interview heavily affected by surface-level characteristics of applicants (e.g., gender) is likely to have ______ interview validity.
41. A _______ culture exists when the behavioral norm is loud and clear.
43. When interviewers/recruiters already form a favorable pre-interview impression of a candidate, they might ask more ________-framed questions during the interview, resulting in a favorable post-interview score.
44. Performance-goal oriented people emphasize _______ their peers rather than mastery.
45. The effects of conscientiousness on job performance are stronger when job _________ is higher.
46. This type of interview involves the use of multiple interviewers.
48. Ingratiation and opinion conformity are examples of ________ management tactics.
51. In a classical experiment, researchers found that forestry workers cut fewer trees than the other group when they were asked to “try their _____”.
52. The psychological benefit people find after they have engaged in OCB.
53. One characteristic of agreeableness (hint: an adjective, starts with “t”).

Down

1. High-conscientiousness people are ___________-oriented.
2. Self-____________ closely observe the norm of a situation and adapt their behaviors accordingly.
4. This type of people like such jobs as lab assistants and chemists.
8. Giving less time to do a personality test is one way to increase the test’s __________.
9. This personality trait determines socialization success.
10. Intelligence matters less in jobs without problem-solving ___________.
16. We _____________ an organization when we think of its culture as its personality.
18. The last stage of the ASA process.
21. OCB culture emphasizes this value.
23. _____________ is to collect evidence from multiple sources to reach a conclusion about a job candidate.
24. One reason why taller people enjoy greater career success is that they more easily emerge as _________.
27. Moral licensing occurs when people use the ____ they have earned from good deeds to do bad deeds.
30. The major reason why positive leadership and supportive organization can draw employee OCB.
35. There is a high level of person-organization fit if an employee’s values match with the organization’s ___________.
37. Looking for ____________ is one way to discern whether an employee is a good actor or citizen.
38. Person-organization fit affects one’s performance mainly through shaping one’s _____________.
40. Psychological contracts can promote OCB because employees have a tendency to honor their ___________.
41. A type of nonverbal behavior.
42. A characteristic of openness to experience (hint: an adjective, starts with “c”).
44. Asking questions in the same ______ is one way to structure an interview.
47. This type of job can promote emotional engagement that facilitates OCB.
49. Research has shown that ________ which had more employees performing OCB earned higher revenue.
50. Goals should be specific, difficult, and ________.

Across

3. The National ____ Service was established in 1916 by Woodrow Wilson and is a federal agency that manages resources including timber, wildlife, recreation, range and water.
4. The Wildlife Habit ____ Act protects 3.4 million acres of upland and wetlands, or one third of all wildlife habit in the agricultural region, in its natural state
5. What advisory panel did John F. Kennedy establish because he was concerned about the use of DDT?
11. What piece of land in Dauphin County, PA, had a nuclear accident?
13. Which act created in the 1970s protected endangered species and their habitats? (acronym)
15. Which organisation was created by President Nixon to balance the interests of the environment and industry? (acronym)
19. Book written by Rachel Carson that uncovered the negative effects of pesticides
22. Idea that called for preserving scenic nature.
23. Which community was eventually evacuated due to high concentrations of toxic waste found in the water and soil of the neighborhood?
25. What chemical was used extensively during the Vietnam War by Americans to destroy foliage and later came under harsh attack from critics?
27. What type bear was last sighted in 1924?
29. The ____ Era was of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress towards a better society.
30. What technique was used to extract minerals by blasting mountain sides and using high pressure water hoses, destroying entire ecosystems?
32. President _____ founded the EPA.
33. What Ohio river caught on fire due to pollution?
34. He was a President of the United States who was sympathetic to the conservationist movement and enacted changes.
35. The ____ ____ Act established the basic structure for regulating pollutant discharges into the waters of the United States.
37. The O’____ Dam of the Tuolumne River in Hetch Hetchy Valley that preservationists were fiercely opposed to building. It was proposed in 1909 and became a reservoir in 1913.
40. In what month in 1970 was the first Earth Day celebrated?

Down

1. What happened in the MidWest after Great Plains farmers had a great demand for timber?
2. Which Mexican American immigrant worker and leader of the United Farm Worker's Union brought awareness to the health problems that farmworkers suffered due to chemical exposure?
6. What national park is in the west US and is internationally recognized for its cliffs, waterfalls, and other natural features?
7. The ____ ____ Act was signed in 1973 and conserves endangered species.
8. President of the United States who tweeted that global warming is a hoax
9. The Inland _____ Commission was established in 1907 and studied the relation of rivers, soil, forest, waterpower development, and water transportation.
10. The ___ ___ Act protects air quality and is designed to control national air pollution.
12. The ___ ___ ___ is a federal agency established in 1970 that currently resides in Washington, D.C. that implements environmental law by writing regulations. (acronym)
14. Idea that called for federal supervision of resources and preservation for future generations, and resources were meant to be used through management.
16. Television personality nicknamed ___ ___ ___, lamented about pollution and also was an actor who portrayed Native Americans in Hollywood films.
17. The National ___ Act was backed by Roosevelt in 1902 and federally funded construction of dams, reservoirs, and canals.
18. The ____ Act was signed by Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964 to recognize wilderness as an area where the ecosystem is untouched by humans and that “man himself is a visitor who does not remain.”
20. Man who was a utilitarian conservationist and the Chief of Forestry
21. The ____ Act was a piece of legislation enacted in 1902 that funded irrigation projects from the proceeds of the sale of federal lands in the West.
24. What organization did John Muir find?
26. Man who favored the preservation of scenic wilderness areas and led the “Back to Nature” movement. Also founded the Sierra Club in 1862.
28. What animal went extinct as the US Army tried to starve out existence of Native Americans?
31. The Passenger ______ went extinct after the last one died in 1914 at the Cincinnati zoo.
36. Last name of a professor who wrote “The Population Bomb” in 1968
38. The National ___ Service was a federal agency established in 1916. Protects and manages national parks, monuments, and reservations that had been set aside for natural, scenic, and historic values and leave them unimpaired for future generations.
39. What non profit organization was created in 1970 at NYC to defend natural resources and advocate for the environment?

Across

2. Which organisation was created by President Nixon to balance the interests of the environment and industry? (acronym)
5. He was a President of the United States who was sympathetic to the conservationist movement and enacted changes.
7. What advisory panel did John F. Kennedy establish because he was concerned about the use of DDT?
8. Man who was a utilitarian conservationist and the Chief of Forestry
9. The National ____ Service was established in 1916 by Woodrow Wilson and is a federal agency that manages resources including timber, wildlife, recreation, range and water.
14. What type bear was last sighted in 1924?
15. What national park is in the west US and is internationally recognized for its cliffs, waterfalls, and other natural features?
16. The ____ Act was a piece of legislation enacted in 1902 that funded irrigation projects from the proceeds of the sale of federal lands in the West.
19. What animal went extinct as the US Army tried to starve out existence of Native Americans?
23. President of the United States who tweeted that global warming is a hoax
25. What chemical was used extensively during the Vietnam War by Americans to destroy foliage and later came under harsh attack from critics?
28. The National ___ Act was backed by Roosevelt in 1902 and federally funded construction of dams, reservoirs, and canals.
29. Idea that called for preserving scenic nature.
30. What piece of land in Dauphin County, PA, had a nuclear accident?
32. The O’____ Dam of the Tuolumne River in Hetch Hetchy Valley that preservationists were fiercely opposed to building. It was proposed in 1909 and became a reservoir in 1913.
33. The ____ Act was signed by Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964 to recognize wilderness as an area where the ecosystem is untouched by humans and that “man himself is a visitor who does not remain.”
36. The ____ Era was of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress towards a better society.
37. What Ohio river caught on fire due to pollution?
38. Which Mexican American immigrant worker and leader of the United Farm Worker's Union brought awareness to the health problems that farmworkers suffered due to chemical exposure?
39. The National ___ Service was a federal agency established in 1916. Protects and manages national parks, monuments, and reservations that had been set aside for natural, scenic, and historic values and leave them unimpaired for future generations.

Down

1. The Inland _____ Commission was established in 1907 and studied the relation of rivers, soil, forest, waterpower development, and water transportation.
3. What technique was used to extract minerals by blasting mountain sides and using high pressure water hoses, destroying entire ecosystems?
4. What non profit organization was created in 1970 at NYC to defend natural resources and advocate for the environment?
6. Man who favored the preservation of scenic wilderness areas and led the “Back to Nature” movement. Also founded the Sierra Club in 1862.
10. What organization did John Muir find?
11. Book written by Rachel Carson that uncovered the negative effects of pesticides
12. The Passenger ______ went extinct after the last one died in 1914 at the Cincinnati zoo.
13. The ____ ____ Act was signed in 1973 and conserves endangered species.
17. The ____ ____ Act established the basic structure for regulating pollutant discharges into the waters of the United States.
18. The ___ ___ Act protects air quality and is designed to control national air pollution.
20. Idea that called for federal supervision of resources and preservation for future generations, and resources were meant to be used through management.
21. What happened in the MidWest after Great Plains farmers had a great demand for timber?
22. Television personality nicknamed ___ ___ ___, lamented about pollution and also was an actor who portrayed Native Americans in Hollywood films.
24. The Wildlife Habit ____ Act protects 3.4 million acres of upland and wetlands, or one third of all wildlife habit in the agricultural region, in its natural state
25. In what month in 1970 was the first Earth Day celebrated?
26. The ___ ___ ___ is a federal agency established in 1970 that currently resides in Washington, D.C. that implements environmental law by writing regulations. (acronym)
27. President _____ founded the EPA.
31. Which act created in the 1970s protected endangered species and their habitats? (acronym)
34. Last name of a professor who wrote “The Population Bomb” in 1968
35. Which community was eventually evacuated due to high concentrations of toxic waste found in the water and soil of the neighborhood?

Across

4. challenge exporters face is convincing the stakeholders that the trade is subject to _______ opinion in australia and proving that improved animal welfare also improves the product.
5. _____ is the Australian Standard for Export of Livestock. animals checked by AQIS vet beforehand to make sure fit to travel.
6. the live export industry employs ____________ thousand people.
7. meat and livestock australia conducts research and marketing services. MLA does not regulate, police or _________ ESCAS. this is the job of the dept of agriculture, fisheries and forestry (DAFF).
8. a '____' haul voyage is over 12 days, (to the middle east, china, mexico). requires stockmen and veterinarian.
9. bedding for cattle on ships
10. on LONG haul voyages, vet and stockmen report _______ to DAFF. complete a voyage report at end. (mortality, temperature, hospital status, feed/water, health/welfare).
13. despite the number of cattle and sheep being exported live declining in recent years, _____ per head has never been higher than in the last couple of years.
14. live export of CATTLE to ___________ has decreased from 55% - 43% in the last year. (though they are still by far the greatest import).
16. the number of _______ exported live peaked in 2002 at just under 1 million head. (now around 600, 000).
18. in the last few years, the main live export market for australian SHEEP lies in the _____ ______ (2 words) with Qatar, Bahrain, Turkey, Kuwait and Jordan all major importers.
19. potential new live export markets include _____, Iraq, and Algeria.
20. australian livestock is generally regarded as being _____, green, fit and healthy by importers - continued demand.
21. the role of the AQIS accredited vet is to ensure animals are fit for __________, and fulfil protocol req. of importing country, as well as ASEL requirements.
23. major challenges the live export market faces : impact of animal rights groups, factors beyond influence (political adgendas of other countries), the cost of __________ on the exporter, and maintaining compliance with _______ every day of the year, at times cheaper alternative supply from US/Somalia/Sudan/Europe.
24. the live export market is an important outlet for australian producers, particularly in __________ _________ (2 words) and NT.
27. Live Export Program activities include: Animal welfare ____________ for animal handlers, increasing supply chain efficiency and performance (through ESCAS and other), market access (liaison with governments etc), and research and development (eg developing ____________ materials (DVDs, pamplets, etc for handlers).
29. there are 6 supply chain elements that are reviewed (with 88 checkpoints): handling, transport, feedlot, lairage/abbatoir, slaughter with __________, slaughter without _________.
30. the process: initial _____ by ______or (completes OIE checklist) --> approval and review of reports by DAFF --> performance ______ within the supply chain --> exporter provides DAFF with report --> DAFF makes report publicly avalable on website.
31. ships can carry up to 100 thousand sheep or ________ thousand cattle (or combo of both).
32. the top causes of mortality and morbidity on board are: 1. __________ (salmonella), 2. inanition (not eating) 3. heat stress, 4. Pneumonia, 5. pink eye, 6. trauma.

Down

1. what does ESCAS stand for? (5 words)
2. __________ decked ships are being phased out in favour of single decked ships.
3. new regulations imposed following incidents shown in May 2011 include: performance measurement and checklist to ____ standards, livestock traceability, independent 3rd party audits, and reportability and accountability (line of sight).
5. the live export industry aims to provide other countries with __________ and safe red meat.
10. because stock in developing countries is often ___________, the local people can perceive australian stock as wild.
11. in the middle east, meat demand is strongly linked to ___________ practice and festivals such as the Eid festival to mark the end of Ramadan, and Eid al-Adha to mark the end of Hajj. (animals selected, slaughtered and shared).
12. the number of ______ exported live has been declining since 2001, from approx 6.8 millon - 2.2 million (2012)
15. the new regulations following incidents in 2011 mean that the exporter must have an appropriate and acceptable exporter supply chain assurance system (ESCAS) before the _____ (govt dept) will allow them to export.
17. a 'short' haul voyage (to SE asia) of approx less than 7 days, does NOT require the presence of a ______________, but does require stockmen.
22. live export contributes $1.8 ________ dollars to the australian economy.
25. who pays the AQIS veterinarians salary? the __________
26. on ships, feed and water supply is __________
28. _______ have the most variable delivery rate over the last decade or so. at the moment have 100% for _____, almost 100% for cattle, and just over 99% for sheep. if cattle fall below 99%, and sheep below 98%, there is an investigation.
31. _____ feed troughs, ______ water troughs, and _____ feeds daily per pen of animals, at 2.5% bodyweight. energy 10MJ/kg, protein 12%.

Across

5. What type bear was last sighted in 1924?
6. Which community was eventually evacuated due to high concentrations of toxic waste found in the water and soil of the neighborhood?
8. What technique was used to extract minerals by blasting mountain sides and using high pressure water hoses, destroying entire ecosystems?
9. What national park is in the west US and is internationally recognized for its cliffs, waterfalls, and other natural features?
12. Book written by Rachel Carson that uncovered the negative effects of pesticides
15. The Inland _____ Commission was established in 1907 and studied the relation of rivers, soil, forest, waterpower development, and water transportation.
19. Which Mexican American immigrant worker and leader of the United Farm Worker's Union brought awareness to the health problems that farmworkers suffered due to chemical exposure?
21. What animal went extinct as the US Army tried to starve out existence of Native Americans?
24. The Wildlife Habit ____ Act protects 3.4 million acres of upland and wetlands, or one third of all wildlife habit in the agricultural region, in its natural state
26. The National ____ Service was established in 1916 by Woodrow Wilson and is a federal agency that manages resources including timber, wildlife, recreation, range and water.
27. Which act created in the 1970s protected endangered species and their habitats? (acronym)
28. What Ohio river caught on fire due to pollution?
30. The ____ ____ Act was signed in 1973 and conserves endangered species.
31. The ____ ____ Act established the basic structure for regulating pollutant discharges into the waters of the United States.
33. What advisory panel did John F. Kennedy establish because he was concerned about the use of DDT?
34. President _____ founded the EPA.
35. Which organisation was created by President Nixon to balance the interests of the environment and industry? (acronym)
36. Television personality nicknamed ___ ___ ___, lamented about pollution and also was an actor who portrayed Native Americans in Hollywood films.
37. The National ___ Service was a federal agency established in 1916. Protects and manages national parks, monuments, and reservations that had been set aside for natural, scenic, and historic values and leave them unimpaired for future generations.
38. What chemical was used extensively during the Vietnam War by Americans to destroy foliage and later came under harsh attack from critics?

Down

1. The ____ Era was of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress towards a better society.
2. The Passenger ______ went extinct after the last one died in 1914 at the Cincinnati zoo.
3. The ____ Act was a piece of legislation enacted in 1902 that funded irrigation projects from the proceeds of the sale of federal lands in the West.
4. Man who was a utilitarian conservationist and the Chief of Forestry
7. Idea that called for preserving scenic nature.
10. In what month in 1970 was the first Earth Day celebrated?
11. Man who favored the preservation of scenic wilderness areas and led the “Back to Nature” movement. Also founded the Sierra Club in 1862.
13. The National ___ Act was backed by Roosevelt in 1902 and federally funded construction of dams, reservoirs, and canals.
14. What happened in the MidWest after Great Plains farmers had a great demand for timber?
16. What piece of land in Dauphin County, PA, had a nuclear accident?
17. What organization did John Muir find?
18. He was a President of the United States who was sympathetic to the conservationist movement and enacted changes.
20. The O’____ Dam of the Tuolumne River in Hetch Hetchy Valley that preservationists were fiercely opposed to building. It was proposed in 1909 and became a reservoir in 1913.
22. Idea that called for federal supervision of resources and preservation for future generations, and resources were meant to be used through management.
23. The ____ Act was signed by Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964 to recognize wilderness as an area where the ecosystem is untouched by humans and that “man himself is a visitor who does not remain.”
25. The ___ ___ Act protects air quality and is designed to control national air pollution.
29. President of the United States who tweeted that global warming is a hoax
32. What non profit organization was created in 1970 at NYC to defend natural resources and advocate for the environment?
39. The ___ ___ ___ is a federal agency established in 1970 that currently resides in Washington, D.C. that implements environmental law by writing regulations. (acronym)
40. Last name of a professor who wrote “The Population Bomb” in 1968

Across

2. What national park is in the west US and is internationally recognized for its cliffs, waterfalls, and other natural features?
6. What Ohio river caught on fire due to pollution?
8. The ____ Act was a piece of legislation enacted in 1902 that funded irrigation projects from the proceeds of the sale of federal lands in the West.
11. Last name of a professor who wrote “The Population Bomb” in 1968
12. What non profit organization was created in 1970 at NYC to defend natural resources and advocate for the environment?
14. The Wildlife Habit ____ Act protects 3.4 million acres of upland and wetlands, or one third of all wildlife habit in the agricultural region, in its natural state
15. Which community was eventually evacuated due to high concentrations of toxic waste found in the water and soil of the neighborhood?
19. Which organisation was created by President Nixon to balance the interests of the environment and industry? (acronym)
20. The National ___ Act was backed by Roosevelt in 1902 and federally funded construction of dams, reservoirs, and canals.
21. What piece of land in Dauphin County, PA, had a nuclear accident?
23. President _____ founded the EPA.
25. What happened in the MidWest after Great Plains farmers had a great demand for timber?
26. In what month in 1970 was the first Earth Day celebrated?
27. The National ____ Service was established in 1916 by Woodrow Wilson and is a federal agency that manages resources including timber, wildlife, recreation, range and water.
30. Television personality nicknamed ___ ___ ___, lamented about pollution and also was an actor who portrayed Native Americans in Hollywood films.
31. What technique was used to extract minerals by blasting mountain sides and using high pressure water hoses, destroying entire ecosystems?
34. Book written by Rachel Carson that uncovered the negative effects of pesticides
37. Idea that called for federal supervision of resources and preservation for future generations, and resources were meant to be used through management.
38. The ___ ___ ___ is a federal agency established in 1970 that currently resides in Washington, D.C. that implements environmental law by writing regulations. (acronym)
39. What type bear was last sighted in 1924?

Down

1. Which Mexican American immigrant worker and leader of the United Farm Worker's Union brought awareness to the health problems that farmworkers suffered due to chemical exposure?
3. Which act created in the 1970s protected endangered species and their habitats? (acronym)
4. He was a President of the United States who was sympathetic to the conservationist movement and enacted changes.
5. The Inland _____ Commission was established in 1907 and studied the relation of rivers, soil, forest, waterpower development, and water transportation.
7. Man who favored the preservation of scenic wilderness areas and led the “Back to Nature” movement. Also founded the Sierra Club in 1862.
9. The ____ Era was of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress towards a better society.
10. What animal went extinct as the US Army tried to starve out existence of Native Americans?
13. The ____ ____ Act established the basic structure for regulating pollutant discharges into the waters of the United States.
16. What chemical was used extensively during the Vietnam War by Americans to destroy foliage and later came under harsh attack from critics?
17. What organization did John Muir find?
18. The ____ ____ Act was signed in 1973 and conserves endangered species.
22. The O’____ Dam of the Tuolumne River in Hetch Hetchy Valley that preservationists were fiercely opposed to building. It was proposed in 1909 and became a reservoir in 1913.
24. The ____ Act was signed by Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964 to recognize wilderness as an area where the ecosystem is untouched by humans and that “man himself is a visitor who does not remain.”
28. Idea that called for preserving scenic nature.
29. The Passenger ______ went extinct after the last one died in 1914 at the Cincinnati zoo.
32. President of the United States who tweeted that global warming is a hoax
33. The National ___ Service was a federal agency established in 1916. Protects and manages national parks, monuments, and reservations that had been set aside for natural, scenic, and historic values and leave them unimpaired for future generations.
35. Man who was a utilitarian conservationist and the Chief of Forestry
36. What advisory panel did John F. Kennedy establish because he was concerned about the use of DDT?
37. The ___ ___ Act protects air quality and is designed to control national air pollution.

Across

3. The National ___ Service was a federal agency established in 1916. Protects and manages national parks, monuments, and reservations that had been set aside for natural, scenic, and historic values and leave them unimpaired for future generations.
4. What national park is in the west US and is internationally recognized for its cliffs, waterfalls, and other natural features?
6. The National ___ Act was backed by Roosevelt in 1902 and federally funded construction of dams, reservoirs, and canals.
8. The ____ Act was signed by Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964 to recognize wilderness as an area where the ecosystem is untouched by humans and that “man himself is a visitor who does not remain.”
10. He was a President of the United States who was sympathetic to the conservationist movement and enacted changes.
13. The National ____ Service was established in 1916 by Woodrow Wilson and is a federal agency that manages resources including timber, wildlife, recreation, range and water.
16. Idea that called for preserving scenic nature.
18. In what month in 1970 was the first Earth Day celebrated?
19. The Wildlife Habit ____ Act protects 3.4 million acres of upland and wetlands, or one third of all wildlife habit in the agricultural region, in its natural state
21. Which Mexican American immigrant worker and leader of the United Farm Worker's Union brought awareness to the health problems that farmworkers suffered due to chemical exposure?
22. What happened in the MidWest after Great Plains farmers had a great demand for timber?
24. The ____ ____ Act was signed in 1973 and conserves endangered species.
25. The ____ Act was a piece of legislation enacted in 1902 that funded irrigation projects from the proceeds of the sale of federal lands in the West.
26. President _____ founded the EPA.
28. Book written by Rachel Carson that uncovered the negative effects of pesticides
32. What chemical was used extensively during the Vietnam War by Americans to destroy foliage and later came under harsh attack from critics?
34. Last name of a professor who wrote “The Population Bomb” in 1968
35. The ___ ___ ___ is a federal agency established in 1970 that currently resides in Washington, D.C. that implements environmental law by writing regulations. (acronym)
37. Which organisation was created by President Nixon to balance the interests of the environment and industry? (acronym)
38. What organization did John Muir find?
39. What animal went extinct as the US Army tried to starve out existence of Native Americans?

Down

1. The ___ ___ Act protects air quality and is designed to control national air pollution.
2. Man who favored the preservation of scenic wilderness areas and led the “Back to Nature” movement. Also founded the Sierra Club in 1862.
3. The Passenger ______ went extinct after the last one died in 1914 at the Cincinnati zoo.
5. The ____ Era was of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress towards a better society.
7. President of the United States who tweeted that global warming is a hoax
9. Man who was a utilitarian conservationist and the Chief of Forestry
11. What Ohio river caught on fire due to pollution?
12. What non profit organization was created in 1970 at NYC to defend natural resources and advocate for the environment?
14. The O’____ Dam of the Tuolumne River in Hetch Hetchy Valley that preservationists were fiercely opposed to building. It was proposed in 1909 and became a reservoir in 1913.
15. Idea that called for federal supervision of resources and preservation for future generations, and resources were meant to be used through management.
17. What piece of land in Dauphin County, PA, had a nuclear accident?
20. The ____ ____ Act established the basic structure for regulating pollutant discharges into the waters of the United States.
23. What advisory panel did John F. Kennedy establish because he was concerned about the use of DDT?
27. Which community was eventually evacuated due to high concentrations of toxic waste found in the water and soil of the neighborhood?
29. Television personality nicknamed ___ ___ ___, lamented about pollution and also was an actor who portrayed Native Americans in Hollywood films.
30. The Inland _____ Commission was established in 1907 and studied the relation of rivers, soil, forest, waterpower development, and water transportation.
31. What technique was used to extract minerals by blasting mountain sides and using high pressure water hoses, destroying entire ecosystems?
33. What type bear was last sighted in 1924?
36. Which act created in the 1970s protected endangered species and their habitats? (acronym)

Across

1. The average number of children born to women of childbearing age in a population during their reproductive years, usually expressed as births per woman.
10. Exchange between two or more parties of one entity or another.
11. Factors that compel or drive people to leave their current location and migrate to another, such as poverty, political instability, conflict, or environmental degradation.
13. The visible imprint of human activity and culture on the natural landscape, including built structures, land use patterns, agricultural practices, and symbolic features.
14. The sector of the economy that involves manufacturing, processing, and construction activities, transforming raw materials into finished goods and infrastructure.
16. The process of increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among countries, economies, cultures, and societies through international trade, communication, and exchange.
17. The ratio of dependent population (children and elderly) to the working-age population, often used as an indicator of the economic burden on the workforce and social support systems.
19. The process of revitalization and renewal of urban neighborhoods, typically involving the influx of affluent residents, businesses, and investment, which may displace lower-income residents and alter the character of the area. Devolution: The transfer of political power and decision-making authority from a central government to regional or local authorities, often aimed at addressing regional disparities, promoting cultural autonomy, or accommodating minority interests.
23. The unplanned and often uncontrolled outward expansion of urban areas into surrounding rural and natural landscapes, characterized by low-density development, automobile dependency, and fragmented land use.
24. The development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale, typically accompanied by technological advancement, economic growth, and social change.
25. The sector of the economy that involves providing services, including retail, healthcare, education, finance, transportation, and tourism.
27. A shared cultural heritage, including language, religion, customs, and traditions, that typically distinguishes one group of people from another.
28. A very large urban agglomeration with a population exceeding ten million inhabitants, typically characterized by rapid population growth, economic activity, and social complexity.
29. The movement of people from one place to another, usually with the intention of settling permanently or temporarily in a new location.
30. The concept that technological advances in transportation and communication have reduced the perceived distance between places, leading to accelerated movement of people, goods, and information across space and time.

Down

2. Sustainable tourism that promotes environmental conservation, cultural preservation, and community development, often involving nature-based activities and responsible travel practices.
3. The transitional zone between urban and rural areas where urban and agricultural land uses mix, often characterized by suburban development, agriculture, and open space.
4. The maximum population size that an environment or ecosystem can sustainably support given its available resources, technology, and environmental conditions.
5. The process by which an increasing proportion of a population lives in cities and urban areas.
6. The spread of cultural beliefs, practices, customs, and ideas from one society or group to another through contact, exchange, and interaction.
7. The sector of the economy that involves the extraction and production of raw materials, such as agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, and quarrying.
8. The number of deaths occurring in a population within a specified period, often expressed as deaths per thousand individuals per year.
9. The statistical study of populations, including their size, structure, and distribution, as well as changes over time due to births, deaths, and migration.
12. A composite measure of well-being and development that combines indicators of life expectancy, education, and income to assess the overall quality of life in a country.
15. The ability to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, often involving environmental, social, and economic considerations.
18. Factors that attract or draw people to a new location and influence migration decisions, such as job opportunities, better living conditions, education, or family reunification.
20. The science and art of mapmaking, including the study of map design, projection techniques, and geographic representation.
21. A political entity consisting of a defined territory inhabited by a population with a common identity, culture, and government.
22. The number of people living per unit of area, usually expressed as persons per square kilometer or square mile.
26. The authority of a state to govern itself and make decisions within its own borders without interference from external sources.

Across

2. Occurs when city revenues cannot keep up with increasing demands for city services and expenditures on decaying urban infrastructure.(IDKU6)
7. Large wild grass native to Mexico that produced the small ears of maize.(IDKU5)
8. The placement or arrangement of objects on Earth's surface; also included the space between objects.(VITU1)The significance of this term is it allows geographers to look at and analyze the arrangement of objects, people, and the trends that shape human activity.
9. An ideal that political authorities govern in the name of all a country’s citizens, modern mass communications link all residents etc.)(CCU4)
11. The modification of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops.(CCU5)
13. Relocation of manufacturing and support services from one country to another.(CCU7)
14. The concept that as the distance between two places increases, the interaction and movement between them become more difficult and costly, thus decreasing the likelihood of interaction.(IDKU1)
19. A multi-country agreement that reduces or eliminates taxes to promote the free-flow of goods and services across international borders.(IDKU4)
22. Unofficial of geological time, used to describe the most recent period in earth's history when humans started to impact the atmosphere and climate.(IDKU2)
23. Spanish acronym for the southern common market —> includes many countries (South American customs union).(IDKU7)
24. The planting and harvesting of domesticated plants and the rising of domesticated animals for food.(VITU5)The significance of this term is its a main base in societies, global interactions, and shaping or building different settlement patterns.
28. The ideal political geographical unit. (A people and its culture)(governance and authority).(CCU4)
29. The portion of earth's surface with permanent human settlement.(IDKU2)
30. System of 24 satellites that orbit earth twice daily and transmit radio signals earthward.(CCU1)
31. A grain plant native to northeast Africa.(IDKU5)
33. The belief that any physical environment offers a uber of possible ways for a society to develop and that humans can find ways to overcome environmental challenges.(IDKU1)
34. The practice of using local land-use regulation to preserve and enhance property tax base.(IDKU6)
35. A trade language, characterized by a very small vocab derived from the languages of at least 2 or more groups in contact.(CCU3)

Down

1. A practice in which realtors persuade white homeowners in a neighborhood to sell their homes by convincing them that black families were moving in.(CCU6)
3. Rapid transformation of the economy through the intro of machines, power sources in 1760-1830 in the US and Europe.(VITU7)This term is significant because it transformed global landscapes, communities, and economics, all leading to urbanization.
4. When moves are made across national borders.(CCU2)
5. Process whereby religion becomes a less dominant force in everyday life than it was in the past.(IDKU3)
6. An approach to standing other cultures that seeks to understand individuals and cultures from a wider perspective of cultural logic.(VITU3)This term is important because it pushes people to understand cultures on their own terms, diverse practices, all of this instead of judging them.
10. A location where cargo is transferred from one mode of transportation to another.(IDKU7)
12. Migration that is done willingly.(CCU2)
15. A combined language that has a fuller vocab than a pidgin language and becomes a native language.(CCU3)
16. Construction and improvement of foundational services such as access to energy resources throughout the country.(IDKU4)
17. The statistical study of human populations.(VITU2)This term helps us understand human populations, including trends, and patterns.
18. Economic activities that involve the direct extraction of natural resources from the earth, including agriculture, fishing, forestry, and mining.(CCU5)
20. Transfer of part of a firm's internal operations to a third party.(CCU7)
21. The movement of power from the central government to regional governments within the state.(VITU4)The importance of this term is it shows the transfer of power from central governments to local or regional governments.
25. Scanning of earth by satellite of high flying aircraft in order to obtain info about it.(CCU1)
26. Process whereby religion becomes a less dominant force in everyday life than it was in the past.(IDKU3)
27. Practice of identifying high risk neighborhoods on a map and refusing to rent money to people.(CCU6)
32. The movement of people from rural areas and cities.(VITU6)The importance of this term is it’s a key part of environmental, economic, and social changes.

Across

3. President _____ founded the EPA.
7. Which Mexican American immigrant worker and leader of the United Farm Worker's Union brought awareness to the health problems that farmworkers suffered due to chemical exposure?
10. In what month in 1970 was the first Earth Day celebrated?
11. President of the United States who tweeted that global warming is a hoax
14. The ____ Act was signed by Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964 to recognize wilderness as an area where the ecosystem is untouched by humans and that “man himself is a visitor who does not remain.”
16. Book written by Rachel Carson that uncovered the negative effects of pesticides
19. He was a President of the United States who was sympathetic to the conservationist movement and enacted changes.
21. What technique was used to extract minerals by blasting mountain sides and using high pressure water hoses, destroying entire ecosystems?
24. The ____ Act was a piece of legislation enacted in 1902 that funded irrigation projects from the proceeds of the sale of federal lands in the West.
25. Last name of a professor who wrote “The Population Bomb” in 1968
26. The Passenger ______ went extinct after the last one died in 1914 at the Cincinnati zoo.
27. What piece of land in Dauphin County, PA, had a nuclear accident?
29. What animal went extinct as the US Army tried to starve out existence of Native Americans?
32. Which organisation was created by President Nixon to balance the interests of the environment and industry? (acronym)
34. What chemical was used extensively during the Vietnam War by Americans to destroy foliage and later came under harsh attack from critics?
35. What non profit organization was created in 1970 at NYC to defend natural resources and advocate for the environment?
38. The O’____ Dam of the Tuolumne River in Hetch Hetchy Valley that preservationists were fiercely opposed to building. It was proposed in 1909 and became a reservoir in 1913.
39. The ___ ___ Act protects air quality and is designed to control national air pollution.
40. What type bear was last sighted in 1924?

Down

1. Man who was a utilitarian conservationist and the Chief of Forestry
2. The National ____ Service was established in 1916 by Woodrow Wilson and is a federal agency that manages resources including timber, wildlife, recreation, range and water.
4. The National ___ Act was backed by Roosevelt in 1902 and federally funded construction of dams, reservoirs, and canals.
5. The ____ Era was of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress towards a better society.
6. The ___ ___ ___ is a federal agency established in 1970 that currently resides in Washington, D.C. that implements environmental law by writing regulations. (acronym)
8. The Wildlife Habit ____ Act protects 3.4 million acres of upland and wetlands, or one third of all wildlife habit in the agricultural region, in its natural state
9. Man who favored the preservation of scenic wilderness areas and led the “Back to Nature” movement. Also founded the Sierra Club in 1862.
12. Television personality nicknamed ___ ___ ___, lamented about pollution and also was an actor who portrayed Native Americans in Hollywood films.
13. The ____ ____ Act established the basic structure for regulating pollutant discharges into the waters of the United States.
15. Idea that called for preserving scenic nature.
17. Idea that called for federal supervision of resources and preservation for future generations, and resources were meant to be used through management.
18. The ____ ____ Act was signed in 1973 and conserves endangered species.
20. Which community was eventually evacuated due to high concentrations of toxic waste found in the water and soil of the neighborhood?
22. What happened in the MidWest after Great Plains farmers had a great demand for timber?
23. What national park is in the west US and is internationally recognized for its cliffs, waterfalls, and other natural features?
28. What organization did John Muir find?
30. Which act created in the 1970s protected endangered species and their habitats? (acronym)
31. The Inland _____ Commission was established in 1907 and studied the relation of rivers, soil, forest, waterpower development, and water transportation.
33. The National ___ Service was a federal agency established in 1916. Protects and manages national parks, monuments, and reservations that had been set aside for natural, scenic, and historic values and leave them unimpaired for future generations.
36. What advisory panel did John F. Kennedy establish because he was concerned about the use of DDT?
37. What Ohio river caught on fire due to pollution?

Across

3. Fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group. This is the essence of how humans interact with nature. (VIT)(1)
8. Economic activity that is neither tased or monitored by a government. (CC)(6)
13. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in a factory, commonly found prior to the Industrial Revolution. (CC)(6)
14. Process of adopting only certain customs that will be to their advantage. (IDK)(3)
17. A linked system of processes that gather resources, convert them into goods, package them for distribution, and sell them on the market. (IDK)(5)
19. A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data.(IDK)(1)
20. The extension of national power, authority, or influence to other countries or regions through polices of direct or indirect control. (IDK)(4)
21. The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place.(CC)(1)
23. The process of redrawing electoral district boundaries. (CC)(4)
24. The diminishing importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin. (CC)(1)
27. A process of less dominant cultures losing their culture to a more dominant culture. (IDK)(3)
29. The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers. (IDK)(5)
30. The accusation of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or from other long distance methods. (IDK)(1)
31. An area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government with control over its internal foreign affairs. This is important because it is apart of a nation that contributes to the political and economic factors of that nation. (VIT)(4)
32. Someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee. (CC)(2)

Down

1. Incorporation, of a territory into another geo-political entity. (IDK)(4)
2. The process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the political party in power. (CC)(4)
3. This is the population level that can be supported, given the quantity of food, water, and other life infrastructure present. (IDK)(2)
4. Zones established by many countries in the periphery and the semi-periphery that offer favorable tax, regulatory, and trade arrangements to attract foreign trade investments. This is important because it is how countries exports their goods to other countries. (VIT)(6)
5. The restoration of run-down urban area by the middle class. This is important because it results in the displacement of lower income people. (VIT)(7)
6. Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality migrated there. (IDK)(2)
7. The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate. This is important because it show the increase of the population within a country. (VIT)(2)
9. Indictor of a level of development for each country, combining literacy, education, and life expectancy. (IDK)(6)
10. Activities that involve facilitating complex decision making and the advancement of human capacities. (IDK)(6)
11. Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale, off the farm. (CC)(5)
12. Residential areas surrounding a city. (CC)(7)
15. A crop or livestock system characterized by low inputs of labor per unit area of land. (CC)(5)
16. Drawing of lines on a map to identify areas in which banks will refuse to loan money. (IDK)(7)
18. Legislation and regulations to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland. (IDK)(7)
22. The portion of the economy concern with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface. This is important because the extraction is generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry. (VIT)(5)
25. Affiliation or identity within a group of people bound by common ancestry and culture. (CC)(3)
26. Categorization of humans based on skin color and other and other physical characteristics; based on the idea that some characteristics are more important than others. (CC)(3)
28. A monotheistic religion centered on the life and teaching of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament of the Bible. This is important because Christianity is the largest religion in the world. (VIT)(3)
30. People who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return in fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion. (CC)(2)
33. City around a beltway that is a node of consumer and business services. (CC)(7)

Across

5. The number of animals produced that exceed the carrying capacity of the habitat.
6. The term that describes how chicks are fed by the mother hen for the first 3-4 day after hatching
8. The term that refers to removing all trees in an area of land.
9. The premise that each animal killed by hunters is and additional death that adds to the overall mortality rate.
10. The term that refers to a seedling/spling forrest.
12. The father of wildlife management.
14. The concept that most animals produce more young than necessary to maintain the population, therefore removing these individuals with hunting will not affect the population.
18. This term refers to is the observed process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time.
20. The species of turkey that is found primarily in the Ponderosa Pines and western mountain regions of the U.S.
22. Game that inhabits non-cultivated land, compatible with forestry and livestock operations, and has a cruising radius of 5 miles or more.
23. the concept that an inverse relationship exist between productivity and abundance. Therefore a population reduced by hunting will be more successful.
26. The concept that as prey population goes down in Canada and Alaska when the predator population goes up in the great lakes.
28. the concept that hunting is self-regulated because as the season progresses, hunter numbers and success rates decrease.
30. The type of food that comes from trees and makes up 50-70% of the turkeys diet in the fall and winter months
32. The term that refers to land that provides breeding, nesting, brood-rearing, and fall habitat all within 40 acers.
33. The species of turkey that is native to the central plain states and has tail and covert feathers that are tipped with tan or yellowish- buff.
34. The differences in appearance between males and females of the same species.
35. Ideal turkey habitat in which it consist of herbaceous ground cover of 90%, average canopy height of 20 inches, and overhead or nearby tree cover of 10-50%.
38. Know as the “blackhead disease,” and is caused by protozoan parasites.

Down

1. The species of turkey that is the largest of the subspecies with longer legs and larger feet.
2. The species of turkey that is found only in the peninsula of Florida and has tail feathers and coverts that are tipped with a chestnut brown color.
3. Juvenile hens that move 2 to 3 times as far as adults, over 20 miles from winter home ranges.
4. The concept that mortality resulting from hunting will be compensated for by a reduction in mortality from other factors such as predation or weather.
7. Game that requires the absence of farming, grazing, and forest management.
11. The turkey species in which both male and females are bronze-green with no difference in breast feather colors, has no bread
13. The term that refers to an animal that eats both plants and animals.
15. The term that refers to the fleshy protrubances that hang over their bills and can be extended or contracted at will.
16. The term that refers to sitting on or brooding the eggs of birds to hatch them.
17. A physical trait that allows upland birds to be able to walk on snow as if they had snowshoes.
19. Game that makes annual long or short distance movement between breeding and non-breeding ranges.
21. Game that requires cultivated land, non-migratory, and has a short cruising radius of less than 1 mile.
24. The species of turkey that is most widely distributed, abundant, and hunted in the U.S.
25. The term that refers to a life of little to no physical activity, spending a lot of time seated.
26. The term that refers to a clear-cut area where male woodcocks performs mating rituals.
27. The term refers to when all grouse eggs hatch within 24 hours of one another.
29. Harvest information program
31. A disease in turkeys that is transmitted primarily by blood-feeding arthropods
34. When male ruffed grouse advertise their presence and define their territory, peaks in spring and fall.
36. Provides cover and from predators and brood habitat in the winter months.
37. Small tree seedlings that make great brood habitat in the winter months.

Across

2. The change in the size of a population due to birth rates, death rates and net migration rates.
5. To move into an area or region in order to settle down and live.
6. The number of live births per 1000 women (age 15–49) in the population, per year.
9. A medical procedure used to make a person unable to have children.
15. Where a family or people produce sufficient food for themselves, they do not have extra produce to sell.
19. The movement of peoples from one place in the world to another.
20. Industry that converts raw materials such as farming or mining products into products for sale. The manufacturing industry.
23. The number of males and females within different age groups in a given population.
24. Land or a climate that has little or no rainfall. It is too dry to support vegetation.
26. The study of how and why populations change in size and how they can be managed.
28. The way in which the population is spread out across a given area.
29. The number of deaths per thousand people in the population, per year.
30. People migrating out of a country.
31. The average age that a new-born child is expected to live to.
32. A policy that promotes human reproduction.
35. To leave one community or area in order to settle in another area.
36. 3 Human Population Keyword List
37. The difference between the birth rates and death rates, and the change in numbers due to migration, in a population.
38. The number of infant deaths for every 1000 live births, of children under the age of one.
39. The total dependency ratio is a measure of both the young (age 0 – 14 years) and old dependents (age 65 and older) added together to show their number versus the independent population (15 - 64 year olds). The ratio is expressed as the total number of dependents (young and old) per hundred people in the workforce.

Down

1. The number of people living in a square kilometre (or other unit of area).
3. A population with a high percentage of young people (15 years or younger).
4. industry such as mining, agriculture, fishing or forestry that is harvesting raw materials.
7. The average number of children born alive to a woman in her lifetime.
8. The number of children, per 1000 live births, that die under the age of five in a population in a year.
10. The number of live births per thousand people in the population, per year. Also known as the crude birth rate as it does not take age or gender into account.
11. The change in the size of a population due to birth and death rates.
12. The dependency ratio is the measure of the dependents (non-working) portion of the population (age groups 0-14 and 65+) compared to the total independent (working) portion of the population ( 15 - 64 years). The ratio is expressed as the number of dependents per hundred people in the workforce.
13. These are factors that are causing people to leave an area. They may include factors such as war, drought, floods or the lack of housing, food, education, jobs or a poor standard of living.
14. A policy that discourages human reproduction.
16. The rate at which the population replaces itself from one generation to the next (excluding migration).
17. When water soaks into soils, removing the minerals and nutrients and reducing their ability to support plant life.
18. A population with a high percentage of old people (aged 65 years or older).
21. The youth dependency ratio is a measure of the young dependents (age 0 – 14) in a population, people younger than the age of 15 in relation to the working–age population (15 - 64 years old) as a ratio.
22. The difference between the number of people entering a country (immigration) and the number of people leaving a country (emigration).
25. The old dependency ratio is the number of old dependents (age 65+) in a population, people older than 64 in relation to the working-age population (15 - 64 years old) as a ratio. The ratio is expressed as the total number of old dependents per hundred people in the workforce.
27. The difference between the birth rates and death rates in a population; natural increase differs from overallincrease.
33. People migrating into a country
34. The branch of medical care dealing with children and childhood diseases.

Across

5. Economic activity that is neither tased or monitored by a government. (CC)(6)
6. Categorization of humans based on skin color and other and other physical characteristics; based on the idea that some characteristics are more important than others. (CC)(3)
7. A crop or livestock system characterized by low inputs of labor per unit area of land. (CC)(5)
8. Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality migrated there. (IDK)(2)
9. The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place.(CC)(1)
11. Legislation and regulations to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland. (IDK)(7)
12. An area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government with control over its internal foreign affairs. This is important because it is apart of a nation that contributes to the political and economic factors of that nation. (VIT)(4)
16. Residential areas surrounding a city. (CC)(7)
18. The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate. This is important because it show the increase of the population within a country. (VIT)(2)
20. The accusation of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or from other long distance methods. (IDK)(1)
21. City around a beltway that is a node of consumer and business services. (CC)(7)
23. People who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return in fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion. (CC)(2)
26. A monotheistic religion centered on the life and teaching of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament of the Bible. This is important because Christianity is the largest religion in the world. (VIT)(3)
28. Activities that involve facilitating complex decision making and the advancement of human capacities. (IDK)(6)
29. Process of adopting only certain customs that will be to their advantage. (IDK)(3)
30. A linked system of processes that gather resources, convert them into goods, package them for distribution, and sell them on the market. (IDK)(5)
31. Someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee. (CC)(2)
32. The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers. (IDK)(5)
33. The restoration of run-down urban area by the middle class. This is important because it results in the displacement of lower income people. (VIT)(7)
34. A process of less dominant cultures losing their culture to a more dominant culture. (IDK)(3)
35. Drawing of lines on a map to identify areas in which banks will refuse to loan money. (IDK)(7)

Down

1. Affiliation or identity within a group of people bound by common ancestry and culture. (CC)(3)
2. Zones established by many countries in the periphery and the semi-periphery that offer favorable tax, regulatory, and trade arrangements to attract foreign trade investments. This is important because it is how countries exports their goods to other countries. (VIT)(6)
3. Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale, off the farm. (CC)(5)
4. A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data.(IDK)(1)
10. The extension of national power, authority, or influence to other countries or regions through polices of direct or indirect control. (IDK)(4)
13. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in a factory, commonly found prior to the Industrial Revolution. (CC)(6)
14. Indictor of a level of development for each country, combining literacy, education, and life expectancy. (IDK)(6)
15. The diminishing importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin. (CC)(1)
17. This is the population level that can be supported, given the quantity of food, water, and other life infrastructure present. (IDK)(2)
19. Incorporation, of a territory into another geo-political entity. (IDK)(4)
22. Fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group. This is the essence of how humans interact with nature. (VIT)(1)
24. The portion of the economy concern with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface. This is important because the extraction is generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry. (VIT)(5)
25. The process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the political party in power. (CC)(4)
27. The process of redrawing electoral district boundaries. (CC)(4)

Across

7. This is the population level that can be supported, given the quantity of food, water, and other life infrastructure present. (IDK)(2)
10. Residential areas surrounding a city. (CC)(7)
13. Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality migrated there. (IDK)(2)
16. An area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government with control over its internal foreign affairs. This is important because it is apart of a nation that contributes to the political and economic factors of that nation. (VIT)(4)
17. The restoration of run-down urban area by the middle class. This is important because it results in the displacement of lower income people. (VIT)(7)
18. Someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee. (CC)(2)
21. People who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return in fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion. (CC)(2)
22. Process of adopting only certain customs that will be to their advantage. (IDK)(3)
23. Manufacturing based in homes rather than in a factory, commonly found prior to the Industrial Revolution. (CC)(6)
25. A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data.(IDK)(1)
26. Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale, off the farm. (CC)(5)
29. Zones established by many countries in the periphery and the semi-periphery that offer favorable tax, regulatory, and trade arrangements to attract foreign trade investments. This is important because it is how countries exports their goods to other countries. (VIT)(6)
31. A linked system of processes that gather resources, convert them into goods, package them for distribution, and sell them on the market. (IDK)(5)
32. A monotheistic religion centered on the life and teaching of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament of the Bible. This is important because Christianity is the largest religion in the world. (VIT)(3)
33. Affiliation or identity within a group of people bound by common ancestry and culture. (CC)(3)
34. Drawing of lines on a map to identify areas in which banks will refuse to loan money. (IDK)(7)
35. City around a beltway that is a node of consumer and business services. (CC)(7)

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1. The portion of the economy concern with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface. This is important because the extraction is generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry. (VIT)(5)
2. Economic activity that is neither tased or monitored by a government. (CC)(6)
3. The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers. (IDK)(5)
4. Activities that involve facilitating complex decision making and the advancement of human capacities. (IDK)(6)
5. Incorporation, of a territory into another geo-political entity. (IDK)(4)
6. The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place.(CC)(1)
8. The process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the political party in power. (CC)(4)
9. The extension of national power, authority, or influence to other countries or regions through polices of direct or indirect control. (IDK)(4)
11. The accusation of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or from other long distance methods. (IDK)(1)
12. The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate. This is important because it show the increase of the population within a country. (VIT)(2)
14. Indictor of a level of development for each country, combining literacy, education, and life expectancy. (IDK)(6)
15. A crop or livestock system characterized by low inputs of labor per unit area of land. (CC)(5)
19. Legislation and regulations to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland. (IDK)(7)
20. The diminishing importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin. (CC)(1)
24. A process of less dominant cultures losing their culture to a more dominant culture. (IDK)(3)
27. Categorization of humans based on skin color and other and other physical characteristics; based on the idea that some characteristics are more important than others. (CC)(3)
28. The process of redrawing electoral district boundaries. (CC)(4)
30. Fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group. This is the essence of how humans interact with nature. (VIT)(1)

Across

1. A BOLD GOAL OF WOMEN TO GAIN THE RIGHT TO VOTE
3. BENJAMIN ________ 2ND PRESIDENT IN HISTORY TO LOSE POPULAR BUT WIN COLLEGE VOTE
5. HIS EFFORTS LEAD CONGRESS TO CREATE YOSEMITE
6. EARNED PHD FROM HARVARD
8. ________ BLANCES TARGETED AND BURNED DOWN HOUSES OF LARGE RANCH OWNERS
10. THIS RECLAMATION ACT GAVE GOVT. THE POWER TO DISTRIBUTE WATER WHERE AND HOW
11. ATTACDKING OR KILLING
13. CLAUSES THAT ALLOWS ONE TO VOTE AS LONG AS ANCESTORS DID PRIOR TO 1866
15. ____________ LINCOLN PRESIDENT OF GILDED AGE
17. THIS AMENDMENT PROHIBITED GOVT. FROM DENYING PEOPLE THE RIGHT TO VOTE
18. IDA B. ____:BLACK TEACHER THAT HELPED FORM NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF COLORADO WOMEN
21. QUESTIONED SUPPORTING FUNDRAISING DRIVE FOR BUILDING STATUE OF LIBERTY
23. FOOD AND DRUG ACT THAT WAS NOT TAINTED
25. ________ CHAPMAN CATT REENERGIZED THE NATIONAL SUFFRAGE
29. A LEAGUE THAT GAVE SPECIAL LABELS TO GOODS PRODUCED UNDER FAIR,SAFE AND HEALTHY CONDITIONS.
34. THIS ACT REGULATES WHAT ACTIVITIES BUSINESSES CANNOT DO THROUGH THE SHERMAN ANTITRUST ACT
36. __________HISPANO-AMERICANO PROTECTED MEXICAN-AMERICANS RIGHTS
38. LEAGUE THAT HUNDREDS OF GROUPS FROM DIFFERNT CITIES JOINED
39. ___________B HAYES; OWED HIS 1876 ELECTION WIN TO A SECRET DEAL
41. THIS ACT PLACED NATIONAL BANKS UNDER THE CONTROL OF THE FERDERAL RESERVE
44. _________ CLEVELAND HAD A REPUTATION OF INTEGRITY
46. HELPED TO FREE AFRICAN AMERICANS FROM PEONAGE
47. PROGRAM TO RESTORE GOVT. TRUSTFUNDING POWER
50. EFFORTS OF MANY PROGRESSIVES
52. JAMES WELLS RENAMED THIS NEWSPAPER
57. MEXICANS BORN IN AMERICA
59. VOTERS ABILITY TO REMOVE PUBLIC SERVENTS FROM OFFICE PRE TERM
60. A MOVEMENT LED BY THE W.C.T.U.
63. WOMENS CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE LEADER
67. A HOUSE/COMMUNITY CENTER. PROVIDED SOCIAL SERVICES TO URBAN POOR
68. AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMAN WHO FOUGHT FOR JUSTICE
69. GAVE THE ICC STRONG ENFORCEMENT POWERS
71. THIS AMENDMENT GAVE CONGRESS THE POWER TO DO ANYTHING
75. THIS COMMISSION EST. THE FTC TO MONITOR BUSINESS PRACTICES, FALSE ADVERTISING AND DISHONEST LABELING
76. THE "PEOPLES PARTY"
77. ABBREVIATION FOR THE ASSOCIATION THAT WORKED ON STATE/NATIONAL SIDES FOR WOMENS RIGHT TO VOTE
79. __________H.KELLEY:MINNESOTA FARMER
80. THIS AMMENDMENT STATED THE RIGHT TO VOTE CANNOT DISCRIMINATE BY GENDER
81. LAWS THAT KEPT BLACKS & WHITES SEGREGATED
82. THIS IS WILLIAM MARCY TWEED'S NICKNAME

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2. ________ TARRIF ACT:LOWERED TARRIFS OF IMPORTED GOODS AND EST. GRADUATED INCOME TAX
4. ANDREW JACKSON WAS THE FIRST ONE TO USE THIS SYSTEM
7. THIS AMENDMENT BANNED THE MAKING, SELLING AND TRANSPORTING OF ALCOHOL IN THE USA
9. INFLUENTIAL MUCKRAKER
12. TAXES VOTERS HAD TO PAY TO VOTE
13. BASIS OF THE NATIONS CURRENCY
14. THIS AMENDMENT DENIED CITIZENSHIP AND GUARANTEED EQUAL PROTECTION
16. THIS PARTY OF PEOPLE BOLTED FROM REPUBLICANS
19. A DEAL THAT IS NOT ROUND
20. IDA'S DAD
22. TOO FASCINATED WITH THE UGLIER SIDE
24. WILLIAM__________:A REPUBLICAN CANDIDATE WHO ACCUMULATED $15,000,000.00
26. WILLIAM JENNINGS_______LEAD SOME TO BELIEVE THEY COULD WIN THE WHITE HOUSE
27. DIRECT ________:ELECTION FOR NOMINEES TO BE CHOSEN BY CITIZENS FOR UPCOMING ELECTIONS
28. TESTS UNDERSTANDING
30. _______T. WASHINGTON:MOST FAMOUS BLACK LEADER DURING LATE 19TH CENTURY
31. A MILLION MEMBERS WERE ATTRACTED BY THIS
32. SHE BELIEVED WOMEN WERE HURT BY UNFAIR PRICES OF GOODS
33. ALLOWS CITIZENS TO APPROVE OR REJECT LAWS
35. THIS ACT OUTLAWED MONOPOLIES AND PRACTICES THAT RESTRAINED TRADE
37. ELIZABETH CADY _______ HELPED S.B.ANTHONY FORM THE SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION
40. INSPECTION ACT THAT GAVE AGENTS TO INSPECT IMPORTED MEAT
42. WAS N.A.W.S.A.'S BEST KNOW LEADER
43. DEFENDS JEWS
45. BOOKER T. _____:TOLD BLACKS TO MOVE SLOWLY TOWARDS RACIAL PROGRESS
48. MARK TWAIN COINED POST RECONSTUCTION ERA
49. MARGARET________ THOUGHT THAT WOMENS HEALTH/LIFE WOULD IMPROVE WITH FEWER CHILDREN
51. BOOK ABOUT CHRISITIANITY AND THE SOCIAL CRISIS
53. TEDDY WAS A 43 YEAR OLD PRESIDENT
54. A CIVIL SERVICE ACT THAT WROTE A CIVIL SERVICE EXAM
55. PLACED STRICT GOVT. CONTROLS ON CORPORATIONS
56. LEADING FIGURE IN THE SETTLEMENT OF URBAN POOR
58. A SYSTEM THAT INCLUDES FEDERAL JOBS IN THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH
61. GROUPS THAT MADE LOANS AND PROVIDED LEGAL ASSISTANCE
62. 1890'S MOVEMENT
64. THIS AMENDMENT INSTITUTED THE DIRECT ELECTION OF SENATORS BY THE PEOPLE OF EACH STATE
65. HELPS TO PUT A PROPOSED LAW DIRECTLY ON THE BALLOT
66. _________ STEFFENS LEAD THE MUCKRAKERS
70. _________ WILSON WON THE WHITEHOSE AFTER THE PROGRESSIVE PARTY SPLIT
72. A MOVEMENT THAT IS NOT A WATERFALL BUT DENOUNCED GRADUAL PROGRESS
73. THIS GIFFORD LEAD THE DIVISION OF FORESTRY
74. THIS ACT IMPOSED FINES AND RAILROADS THAT GAVE SPECIAL RATES TO FAVORED SHIPPERS
78. _______ B. ANTHONY FOUGHT FOR WOMENS RIGHTS TO VOTE

Across

1. The National ___ Service was a federal agency established in 1916. Protects and manages national parks, monuments, and reservations that had been set aside for natural, scenic, and historic values and leave them unimpaired for future generations.
5. The ___ ___ ___ is a federal agency established in 1970 that currently resides in Washington, D.C. that implements environmental law by writing regulations. (acronym)
7. What animal went extinct as the US Army tried to starve out existence of Native Americans?
8. President of the United States who tweeted that global warming is a hoax
12. Which community was eventually evacuated due to high concentrations of toxic waste found in the water and soil of the neighborhood?
13. The National ___ Act was backed by Roosevelt in 1902 and federally funded construction of dams, reservoirs, and canals.
17. The O’____ Dam of the Tuolumne River in Hetch Hetchy Valley that preservationists were fiercely opposed to building. It was proposed in 1909 and became a reservoir in 1913.
20. What organization did John Muir find?
21. What piece of land in Dauphin County, PA, had a nuclear accident?
22. Which organisation was created by President Nixon to balance the interests of the environment and industry? (acronym)
25. What Ohio river caught on fire due to pollution?
27. Idea that called for preserving scenic nature.
28. President _____ founded the EPA.
29. The ____ ____ Act established the basic structure for regulating pollutant discharges into the waters of the United States.
31. What national park is in the west US and is internationally recognized for its cliffs, waterfalls, and other natural features?
34. Which Mexican American immigrant worker and leader of the United Farm Worker's Union brought awareness to the health problems that farmworkers suffered due to chemical exposure?
35. What non profit organization was created in 1970 at NYC to defend natural resources and advocate for the environment?
36. The ___ ___ Act protects air quality and is designed to control national air pollution.
38. The ____ Act was signed by Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964 to recognize wilderness as an area where the ecosystem is untouched by humans and that “man himself is a visitor who does not remain.”
40. Man who was a utilitarian conservationist and the Chief of Forestry

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2. What chemical was used extensively during the Vietnam War by Americans to destroy foliage and later came under harsh attack from critics?
3. Man who favored the preservation of scenic wilderness areas and led the “Back to Nature” movement. Also founded the Sierra Club in 1862.
4. Idea that called for federal supervision of resources and preservation for future generations, and resources were meant to be used through management.
6. What advisory panel did John F. Kennedy establish because he was concerned about the use of DDT?
9. Book written by Rachel Carson that uncovered the negative effects of pesticides
10. The National ____ Service was established in 1916 by Woodrow Wilson and is a federal agency that manages resources including timber, wildlife, recreation, range and water.
11. The ____ ____ Act was signed in 1973 and conserves endangered species.
14. In what month in 1970 was the first Earth Day celebrated?
15. What happened in the MidWest after Great Plains farmers had a great demand for timber?
16. The ____ Era was of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress towards a better society.
18. What technique was used to extract minerals by blasting mountain sides and using high pressure water hoses, destroying entire ecosystems?
19. He was a President of the United States who was sympathetic to the conservationist movement and enacted changes.
23. The Inland _____ Commission was established in 1907 and studied the relation of rivers, soil, forest, waterpower development, and water transportation.
24. Television personality nicknamed ___ ___ ___, lamented about pollution and also was an actor who portrayed Native Americans in Hollywood films.
26. What type bear was last sighted in 1924?
30. The Passenger ______ went extinct after the last one died in 1914 at the Cincinnati zoo.
32. Last name of a professor who wrote “The Population Bomb” in 1968
33. The Wildlife Habit ____ Act protects 3.4 million acres of upland and wetlands, or one third of all wildlife habit in the agricultural region, in its natural state
37. The ____ Act was a piece of legislation enacted in 1902 that funded irrigation projects from the proceeds of the sale of federal lands in the West.
39. Which act created in the 1970s protected endangered species and their habitats? (acronym)

Across

4. University, officially William Marsh Rice University, is a private research university in Houston, Texas, United States. It sits on a 300-acre campus adjacent to the Houston Museum District and the Texas Medical Center. Rice University comprises eight schools of academic study, including School of Humanities, School of Social Sciences, Jesse H. Jones Graduate School of Business,
7. is the federal land-grant institution of New York State, a private endowed university, a member of the Ivy League/Ancient Eight, and a partner of the State University of New York. The Ivy League school's nearly 26,285 students can select undergraduate, graduate, and professional courses from more than 15 colleges and schools.
8. College is an educational institution that offers undergraduate and graduate programs in the fields of Humanities & Fine Arts, Natural Sciences, and Social Sciences. The programs offered by the university include arts, music, biology, chemistry, politics, history, sociology, mathematics, music, economics, philosophy, and public affairs
10. University of Massachusetts Amherst College of Education is a college at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Began in 1906 as the Department of Agricultural Education, changing its name to the Department of Education in 1932, and was organized as the School of Education starting in 1955. The school was first accredited in 1962
11. College is an educational and research institute that offers undergraduate programs in business administration, arts, sciences, medicine, and engineering. Dartmouth College was founded in 1769 and is based in Hanover, New Hampshire
13. University is an educational and research institution. The institution offers undergraduate, graduate and professional, and summer session courses. It focuses on art and science, social science, engineering, journalism, law, management, medicine, music, medicine, and performing arts studies.
16. University, a North Carolina nonprofit corporation, is a private, coeducational institution located primarily in Durham, North Carolina, which owns and operates educational and research facilities (the University). Duke University Health System, Inc. (DUHS), a North Carolina nonprofit corporation, is a controlled affiliate of the University.
18. university is an educational institution that offers undergraduate, graduate, professional, and research programs in the fields of arts, science, medicine, business, design, and public health
19. University in St. Louis is a private research university in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. Founded in 1853, the university is named after George Washington, the first president of the United States. Washington University comprises eight undergraduate, graduate, and professional schools, including Arts and Sciences, George Warren Brown School, Olin Business School,

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1. Institute of Technology private land-grant research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Established in 1861, MIT has played a significant role in the development of many areas of modern technology and science. F
2. College is an educational institution, which focuses on liberal arts including humanities, sciences, and social sciences. It offers programs such as anthropology and sociology, art, astronomy, astrophysics, biology, chemistry, dance, economics, English, linguistics, psychology, religion, romance languages, geosciences, geosciences, German, history, and history of science
3. University is an educational and research institution that provides academic programs in arts and sciences. The university offers undergraduate, graduate, doctorate, and professional education. It focuses on areas such as anthropology, architecture, chemistry, computer science, biology, neuroscience, economics, geosciences, operations researc
5. University an educational and research institution that provides academic programs in sciences and interdisciplinary areas. The university offers graduate, undergraduate, executive, professional, continuing, and K-12 education. It focuses on areas such as earth sciences, engineering, humanities and sciences, business, education, law, and medicine.
6. of Pennsylvania is a higher educational institution that offers educational services primarily for students at undergraduate, graduate, professional, and postdoctoral levels. The institution also performs research, training, and other services under grants, contracts, and similar agreements with sponsoring organizations primarily departments and agencies of the United States
9. University an educational institution, provides higher education services to primarily students and trainees at undergraduate, graduate, and postdoctoral levels worldwide. It offers academic courses and programs in the fields of divinity, law, arts and culture, music, forestry and environmental studies, nursing, drama, management, medicine, public health, business, architecture
10. California Institute of Technology is a private research university in Pasadena, California. The university is responsible for many modern scientific advances and is among a small group of institutes of technology in the United States that are devoted to the instruction of pure and applied sciences. The institution was founded as a preparatory and vocational school by Amos G.
12. University, officially Columbia University in the City of New York, is a private, Ivy League, research university in New York City. Established in 1754 as King's College on the grounds of Trinity Church in Manhattan, it is the oldest institution of higher education in New York and the fifth-oldest in the United States.
14. University of Chicago ranks among the world's most esteemed major universities. The private institution has an enrollment of about 7,655 undergraduate and approximately 10,870 graduate students. The undergraduate branch offers a core liberal arts curriculum and majors in about 55 majors and over 45 minor areas.
15. Wilmer Eye Institute, a health care system, educates medical students, scientists, health care professionals and the public. It also conducts biomedical research; and provides patient-centered medicine to prevent, diagnose, and treat human illness. In addition
17. University is an educational and research institute that provides graduate and postgraduate programs in humanities and social sciences, music, art, medicine, architecture, and archaeology. Brown University was founded in 1764 and is based in Providence, Rhode Island

Across

3. The maximal harvest of a particular renewable natural resource that can be accomplished while still keeping the resource available for the future.
4. A category of forest defined by its predominant tree species.
7. forest certification
9. Timber harvesting approach that leaves small numbers of mature trees in place to provide shelter for seedlings as they grow.
10. The practice of burning areas of forest or grassland under carefully controlled conditions to improve the health of ecosystems, return them to a more natural state, reduce fuel loads, and help prevent uncontrolled catastrophic fires.
12. Strategic decision making about how to extract resources, so that resources are used wisely and conserved for the future.
13. A dead tree that is still standing.
15. A location internationally designated by the United Nations for its cultural or natural value.
16. Theory initially applied to oceanic islands to explain how species come to be distributed among them.
17. A transaction in which a conservation organization pays off a portion of a developing nation’s international debt in exchange for a promise by the nation to set aside reserves, fund environmental education, and better manage protected areas.
20. The removal of dead trees following a natural disturbance.
22. The systematic testing of different management approaches to improve methods over time.
23. The layer of a forest consisting of small shrubs and trees above the forest floor and below the subcanopy, usually shaded by foliage above it.
24. The middle level of trees in a forest, beneath the canopy.
28. Abbreviation for “single large or several small.” The debate over whether it is better to make reserves large in size and few in number or many in number but small in size.
29. A proposed international program, still being developed, to encourage the conservation of forests globally for the purpose of reducing greenhouse gas emissions to control climate change.
30. Federal land that is designated off-limits to development of any kind but is open to public recreation, such as hiking, nature study, and other activities that have minimal impact on the land.
33. A graph showing how number of species varies with the geographic area of a landmass or water body.
34. Natural forest uncut by people.
36. A type of concession in which a conservation organization purchases the right to prevent resource extraction in an area of land, generally to preserve habitat in developing nations.
37. An impact on organisms, populations, or communities that results because conditions along the edge of a habitat fragment differ from conditions in the interior.
39. A 2001 Clinton administration executive order that put 31% of national forest land off-limits to road construction or maintenance.
41. An area of public land set aside to serve as a haven for wildlife and also sometimes to encourage hunting, fishing, wildlife observation, photography, environmental education, and other uses.
42. The attempt to manage the harvesting of resources in ways that minimize impact on the ecosystems and ecological processes that provide the resources.
43. Legislation passed by the U.S. Congress in 1976, mandating that plans for renewable resource management be drawn up for every national forest.

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1. The upper level of tree leaves and branches in a forest.
2. A region where urban or suburban development meets forested or undeveloped lands.
5. A local or regional organization that preserves lands valued by its members.
6. Any ecosystem characterized by a high density of trees.
8. The professional management of forests.
11. Term describing stands consisting of trees of different ages.
14. A tract of land with exceptional biodiversity that couples preservation with sustainable development to benefit local people.
18. An area of forested public land managed by the U.S. Forest Service.
19. The harnessing of timber by cutting all the trees in an area.
21. A passageway of protected land established to allow animals to travel between islands of protected habitat.
25. The right to extract a resource, granted by a government to a corporation.
26. Forest that has grown back after primary forest has been cut.
27. Timber harvesting approach that leaves small numbers of mature and vigorous seed-producing trees standing so that they can reseed a logged area.
31. A principle guiding management policy for national forests specifying that forests be managed for recreation, wildlife habitat, mineral extraction, water quality, and other uses, as well as for timber extraction.
32. The clearing and loss of forests.
35. Method of timber harvesting whereby single trees or groups of trees are selectively cut while others are left, creating an uneven-aged stand.
38. A scenic area set aside for recreation and enjoyment by the public and managed by the National Park Service.
40. A set of ecosystem-based management approaches for harvesting timber that explicitly mimic natural disturbances.

Across

8. How resources, activities, and human demographic features of landscapes are arranged across the earth. This unit uses this term to understand how political entities are located and how they function. (4 VIT)
13. An ethnic group can no longer be distinguished from the receiving group (3 CC)
14. Two cultures come in contact and the result is a new culture (3 IDK)
15. Process in which US House of representative seats are reallocated to different states based off population change (4 IDK)
16. The interaction between two locales declines as the distance between them increases (1 CC)
18. The study of human population and population growth. This is the method in which the data for this unit is measured and identified. (2 VIT)
24. Forceful extension of a nation’s authority by conquest or by establishing economic and political domination of other nations that are not its colonies. (4 CC)
25. Happens when one company controls all aspects of its production processes. (5 IDK)
27. Someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee. (2 CC)
28. The physical distance between two places. Used as the basic unit of classifying why things are where they are which is the basis of Human Geography (1 VIT)
29. The unit Is centered around urban growth and its different forms. This comes in multiple forms throughout the course, for example Urban development and growth of the suburbs. The process by which people live and are employed in a city. (6 VIT)
32. A type of urban development that seeks to encourage local community development and sustainable growth in an urban area. (6 CC)
35. The name of a place (1 IDK)

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1. A model that reflects how society uses land for agriculture. The entire unit talks about the different types of agriculture and its spatial distribution around the world. This reflects exactly that on a more local scale. (5 VIT)
2. The practice of exporting U.S. jobs to lower paid employees in other nations. (7 CC)
3. When people within a place start to produce an aspect of pop culture themselves in the context of their local culture and making it their own. (3 IDK)
4. A system where the government, rather than the free market, determines what goods should be produced, how much and the price. (7 IDK)
5. The very poorest part of cities that in extreme cases are not even connected to city services and are controlled by gangs and drug lords. (6 IDK)
6. The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, because of improved communications and transportation systems. (1 CC)
7. The development of industries for the machine production of goods. This reshaped the world that we live in by jumpstarting wide scale commercialism and creating disparity in the development of countries (7 VIT)
9. A scattered population whose origins lie in a separate geographic locale. (2 IDK)
10. A group perceived identification with a particular region (1 IDK)
11. The value of the output of goods and services produced in a country in a year including money that leaves and enters the country (7 IDK)
12. A group of individuals who share a common temporal demographic experience. (2 IDK)
17. A complex social institution which governs the relationship among people with regard to assets such as land, water bodies, and forests. (6 IDK)
19. This results in a loss of biodiversity and other environmental issues when water is removed from a wet ecosystem. (5 IDK)
20. A process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class owner-occupied area. (6 CC)
21. The process by which one nation exercises near complete control over another country which they have settled and taken over. (4 CC)
22. The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth’s surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry. (5 CC)
23. An ethnic group moving to a new area adopts the values and practices of the larger group that has received them while still maintaining major elements of their own culture. (3 CC)
26. The shared practices, technology, attitudes, and behavior transmitted by a society. The entire unit is centered around this and analyzes exactly this term and what it means for different people in different areas as well as how it affects the geopolitical landscape. (3 VIT)
30. Establishments primarily engaged in growing crops, raising animals, and harvesting fish and other animals from a farm, ranch, or their natural habitats. (5 CC)
31. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.(7 CC)
33. People who are being forced to leave their traditional lands due to persecution or material hardship within their society.(2 CC)
34. A majority ethnic group wants to claim territory from a neighboring state due to a shared culture with the people residing across the border. (4 IDK)

Across

4. Is a for-profit business owned by numerous shareholders who enjoy limited liability. That is, individual shareholders are not responsible for the debts of the business.
6. Goals an organisation would like to accomplish. They may be somewhat broad, optimistic and imprecise.
10. The Output is the good or service that has been obtained after a productive process in which a number of factors have intervened.
11. Any individual or group that affects an organisation or is affected by it.
12. Involves the delivery of services such as education, health care, travel and tourism, entertainment and home and car repair services.
13. Involve individual shopkeepers who form cooperatives to better negotiate with the suppliers of the products sold in their stores.
14. The person or company receiving a good, service, product or idea, in exchange for money or other valuable item.
15. Are the people needed to run the business. They include managers and employees, as well as a more abstract element, called enterprise.
16. The use of strategic and creative thinking that inspires people to meet challenges and accomplish defined goals.
17. Set of assets available to a person, especially in the form of money.
18. Are the funds needed to set up and invest in a business and keep it running on a daily basis.
21. Is the ability of a leader or manager to give employees minimal direction and large amounts of freedom to make decisions and find their own methods of accomplishing objectives.
23. Is a plan, approach, or scheme for achieving an aim or objective. Strategies are generally considered to involve important decisions that may be risky and are taken by senior management.
24. Set up by consumers in order to benefit from lower prices, better service, or both.
25. Are physical products that are tangible, meaning they can be touched.
27. Are owned by a relatively small number of shareholders, who may find it difficult to sell their shares if they wish to 'cash out' and use the funds for another purpose.
29. Includes all those organisations that are owned and operated by either the central government or local governments (municipalities), or their agencies.
31. Are arrangements whereby the public sector enlists the help of a private sector organisation in order to meet its objectives more efficiently. PPPs often involve large infrastructure projects.
32. Is the process of setting up a new business.
34. This function can go by several different labels: Accounting Department, Finance Department, Bookkeeping (in small businesses), among others.
37. A person who is the exclusive owner of a business, entitled to keep all profits after tax has been paid but liable for all losses.
39. Are those physical, fináncial and human resources.
40. Includes all those organisations that are owned by individuals or groups of individuals

Down

1. Is characterised by inclusiveness. Employees feel validated and are encouraged to share their ideas, participating in the decision-making process
2. the work of directing a business organisation resources.
3. A written expression of an organisation’s long-term ambitions that it hopes to realise in the future. It is often an optimistic view of what the organisation hopes to accomplish.
5. Are the sort of organisation many of us think of when we think of business.
7. Broad category of non-profit organisations that have a purpose or mission to benefit society or the environment.
8. Is the ability of a leader or manager to adjust their style of leadership to fit the task or situation that they find themselves in.
9. Includes services related to the development and use of data and information. It is a new term and is usually considered as a subset of another sector
19. Make financial services available to individuals whose needs would otherwise not be met by traditional financial institutions like banks.
20. Is the ability of a leader or manager to make decisions with little or no outside input. Instead, autocratic leaders rely on their own ideas and instincts when making decisions.
22. Involves transforming raw materials into finished or semi-finished products. It includes construction, processing and manufacturing
26. Involves extracting raw material from the earth. It includes activities such as agriculture, fishing, forestry, and mining for minerals, metals, and oil.
28. Set of techniques and studies that aim to improve the commercialization of a product.
30. What is the name of the person who designs, launches and starts a business, based on an innovation.
33. Concrete targets an organisation sets for itself. They may be formulated in order to accomplish wider aims, and can be developed using the acronym SMART.
35. Are non-profit organisations that exist to benefit the public. Charities enjoy tax advantages under UK law.
36. Are intangible products that cannot be touched.
38. Is an approach or scheme for achieving an aim or objective. Compared to strategies, tactics usually involve fewer resources and may be less risky.

Across

9. Islands of the central and south pacific, collectively
11. Band of connecting nerve fibers in the brain
12. Operatic solo
13. Capital of Latvia
14. Home state of baseball’s Marlins: Abbr.
15. Free _____ (poetry that does not follow a fixed meter)
18. “The comedy of ____” (Shakespeare tragedy)
20. Unit of electric current, informally
21. American revolution general benedict who became a traitor in 1780
24. Lines at which surfaces of a solid object meet
26. Figures with ten sides and ten angles
27. _________ cell (cell that gives rise to cells that differentiate further into one or more specialized types)
28. 17th-century London theatre for Shakespeare’s acting company
31. “My way” singer Frank
32. Fantastically zealous
33. Greek “T”
34. _______ Sea (waters between Europe and Asia)
39. Clean thoroughly
40. “Julius _____” (Shakespeare tragedy)
41. Give off, as fumes
42. “The Grapes of Wrath” author John
44. Like an integer that can be evenly divided by no other whole number than itself or 1
45. Andrew _____ Webber
48. verb Word that establishes the identity between subject and complement, such as “be” or “seem” (2 words)
49. Horse or pig sound
52. Green coloring matter of leaves
53. Game in which players try to achieve world domination
54. Lancelot Round Table knight who loved Queen Guinevere: 2 wds
58. Drinks through a straw
59. Sea bounded by western Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily
61. “Rain ______” (Best picture 1988)
63. Novel in which the generations of a family are chronicled in a long narrative
65. With regard to punishment
66. Seed’s development into a plant
69. ________ Sea (waters off Singaraja, Indonesia)
70. New Orleans team that won Super Bowl XLIV in 2010
71. Forming irregular, broken waves, as the sea
73. Mattress component
75. Doll that’s Barbie’s boyfriend
76. Portable wind instrument with a keyboard
78. Main component of chromosomes
79. Michael Jackson’s music category
83. Early Peruvian Indian
84. American pop artist who painted soup cans and coke bottles
86. Shrivel, as a dying flower
87. “_____ the king’s men” (best picture of 1949)
88. Flowerless plant that often grows around a tree trunk
90. Produces flowers
91. Unit of length equal to 5,280 feet
93. Mark used to note an abrupt break in a sentence

Down

1. Ichthyophobia
2. James ____ Ray (suspected assassin of MLK Jr., captured in 1968)
3. Shakespeare tragedy in which three witches repeat the line “Double, double toil and trouble”
4. Number of passengers, as on an airplane
5. Luggage attachments
6. Seemingly endless time periods
7. Plants of a particular region
8. One of the great lakes
9. “1984” author George ______
10. State flower of Tennessee
14. Process of establishing and managing woodlands
16. County in southeast England
17. Long poetic compositions usually centered upon heroes
19. Tiny pores in plants through which water vapor passes
20. Farmland unit
22. “The bridge on the ______ Kwai” (best picture 1957)
23. “The Scarlet Letter” author Nathaniel
25. Civil war union general who later became president of the United States
29. “Full House” actress Loughlin
30. _____ Continental Congress (American Revolution group in session in 1774)
35. Large, impressive group
36. New york city sports stadium
37. Wiener schnitzel meat
38. Number of basketballers playing in a game at any one time
40. Russian-born painter in france whose subjects included dreams and Russian folklore (last name)
42. Geometric figure that may be thought of as a piece of pie
43. Secondary meaning of a word in addition to its explicit meaning
46. Spanish surrealist Salvador who painted wilting watches
47. Twain “The adventures of huckleberry finn” author (2 words)
50. Neither here ____ there
51. Music written for a Broadway show
55. Length-times-width measurement
56. Involving a quantity that is squared but not raised to a higher power
57. Test Voting requirement that became illegal after congress passed illegal after congress passed the voting rights act of 1965 (2 words)
58. Play in which a quarterback runs forward with the ball instead
60. Jackie who was the first African-American player in the MLB
62. Broadway show based entirely on percussion and dance
64. X, Y or Z, in a coordinate system
67. Organization formed in 1910 whose goal is the end of racial discrimination and segregation
68. ___ a dime (make an assist, in basketball slang)
69. Failure of a pitcher to complete a motion
72. _________ matter (delicate, fibrous membrane covering the brain)
74. Country west of the South China Sea
77. Substance between the cell membrane and nucleus that contains organelles
79. Treaty of _____ (1783 agreement that ended the American Revolution)
80. Capital of Kenya
81. Ali Three-time heavyweight champion known as The Greatest (2 words)
82. Name in many elevators
85. 820-mile European river
89. “___ American cousin” Play Lincoln was watching when he was assassinated
92. ____ of 10,000 Lakes (nickname for Minnesota)
94. Dress worn by hindu women

Across

2. Seemingly endless time periods
7. Drinks through a straw
9. One of the great lakes
10. Long poetic compositions usually centered upon heroes
12. Unit of electric current, informally
18. Like an integer that can be evenly divided by no other whole number than itself or 1
19. Failure of a pitcher to complete a motion
20. Luggage attachments
22. Treaty of _____ (1783 agreement that ended the American Revolution)
25. ________ Sea (waters off Singaraja, Indonesia)
28. State flower of Tennessee
31. Ali Three-time heavyweight champion known as The Greatest (2 words)
33. Plants of a particular region
34. Jackie who was the first African-American player in the MLB
35. Lines at which surfaces of a solid object meet
37. Substance between the cell membrane and nucleus that contains organelles
39. Andrew _____ Webber
42. _________ cell (cell that gives rise to cells that differentiate further into one or more specialized types)
43. Secondary meaning of a word in addition to its explicit meaning
45. Process of establishing and managing woodlands
47. “1984” author George ______
48. James ____ Ray (suspected assassin of MLK Jr., captured in 1968)
49. “The Grapes of Wrath” author John
52. “___ American cousin” Play Lincoln was watching when he was assassinated
54. verb Word that establishes the identity between subject and complement, such as “be” or “seem” (2 words)
55. “Julius _____” (Shakespeare tragedy)
58. Portable wind instrument with a keyboard
64. Forming irregular, broken waves, as the sea
65. Number of basketballers playing in a game at any one time
66. 820-mile European river
67. Russian-born painter in france whose subjects included dreams and Russian folklore (last name)
69. Capital of Latvia
70. Figures with ten sides and ten angles
71. Horse or pig sound
74. Play in which a quarterback runs forward with the ball instead
75. Number of passengers, as on an airplane
77. Capital of Kenya
78. Large, impressive group
81. _______ Sea (waters between Europe and Asia)
84. Flowerless plant that often grows around a tree trunk
86. Length-times-width measurement
89. “The bridge on the ______ Kwai” (best picture 1957)
90. “Full House” actress Loughlin
91. New Orleans team that won Super Bowl XLIV in 2010
92. Home state of baseball’s Marlins: Abbr.
93. Wiener schnitzel meat
96. Clean thoroughly
97. Neither here ____ there

Down

1. Ichthyophobia
3. Broadway show based entirely on percussion and dance
4. Give off, as fumes
5. Doll that’s Barbie’s boyfriend
6. Twain “The adventures of huckleberry finn” author (2 words)
8. Early Peruvian Indian
11. Music written for a Broadway show
13. _________ matter (delicate, fibrous membrane covering the brain)
14. “My way” singer Frank
15. County in southeast England
16. Spanish surrealist Salvador who painted wilting watches
17. Involving a quantity that is squared but not raised to a higher power
20. Greek “T”
21. Civil war union general who later became president of the United States
22. With regard to punishment
23. Unit of length equal to 5,280 feet
24. Seed’s development into a plant
26. Produces flowers
27. Shakespeare tragedy in which three witches repeat the line “Double, double toil and trouble”
29. Game in which players try to achieve world domination
30. New york city sports stadium
32. Test Voting requirement that became illegal after congress passed illegal after congress passed the voting rights act of 1965 (2 words)
36. 17th-century London theatre for Shakespeare’s acting company
38. Islands of the central and south pacific, collectively
40. Main component of chromosomes
41. Dress worn by hindu women
43. Green coloring matter of leaves
44. Sea bounded by western Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily
46. Operatic solo
50. Country west of the South China Sea
51. American pop artist who painted soup cans and coke bottles
53. “The Scarlet Letter” author Nathaniel
56. Tiny pores in plants through which water vapor passes
57. Free _____ (poetry that does not follow a fixed meter)
59. Mark used to note an abrupt break in a sentence
60. Name in many elevators
61. ___ a dime (make an assist, in basketball slang)
62. _____ Continental Congress (American Revolution group in session in 1774)
63. Geometric figure that may be thought of as a piece of pie
64. Mattress component
68. American revolution general benedict who became a traitor in 1780
72. “The comedy of ____” (Shakespeare tragedy)
73. Shrivel, as a dying flower
75. Band of connecting nerve fibers in the brain
76. Farmland unit
79. Fantastically zealous
80. X, Y or Z, in a coordinate system
82. “Rain ______” (Best picture 1988)
83. Michael Jackson’s music category
85. Novel in which the generations of a family are chronicled in a long narrative
87. “_____ the king’s men” (best picture of 1949)
88. Organization formed in 1910 whose goal is the end of racial discrimination and segregation
94. ____ of 10,000 Lakes (nickname for Minnesota)
95. Lancelot Round Table knight who loved Queen Guinevere: 2 wds

Across

1. A relatively short-term feeling of disorientation and discomfort due to the lack of familiar cues in the environment. (3 IDK)
4. an area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government with control over its internal foreign affairs. (4 CC)
6. Population of various age categories in a population pyramid. (2 IDK)
7. The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture. (2 CC)
8. An internal organization of a state that places most power in the hand of a central government officials. (4 CC)
9. The core-periphery idea that the core houses main economic power of region and the outlying region or periphery houses lesser economic ties. (3 VIT)
11. Explains that a city grows outward from a central area in a series of concentric rings, like the growth rings on a tree.
12. An index of income related to GDP. (5 IDK)
14. The portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials. (5 CC)
15. A mixed-use or residential area, existing either as part of a city or urban area or as a separate residential community within commuting distance of a city. (7 CC)
17. This is when the projection population show exponential growth; sometimes shape as a j-curve. This is important because if our population grows exponentially our resource use will go up exponentially and so will our use as well as a greater demand for food and more. (2 VIT)
19. A region controlled by a city and that has sovereignty. (4 IDK)
21. Core countries have high levels of development, a capacity at innovation and a convergence of trade flows. This is important because Periphery countries usually have less development and are poorer countries. (4 VIT)
23. Is an improved form of tertiary sector as it involves the services related to the knowledge sector, which includes the demand for the information- based services like taking the consultancy from tax managers, statisticians and software developers. (6 CC)
24. The number of farmers per unit area of arable land. (2 CC)
27. A boundary that separates regions in which different languages usages predominate. (3 IDK)
29. The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation system. (1 CC)
32. The portion of the economy concern with the direct extraction of materials from earths surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry. (5 CC)
33. Changing of an animal to be adapted for human use, including selling or using for byproducts. (6 IDK)
34. The physical environment may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to adjust their environmental. (1 IDK)
35. Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizer. This is important because, because of this revolution agricultural productivity at a global scale has increased faster than the population. (6 VIT)

Down

2. The notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape. (1 IDK)
3. A rural settlement in which the houses and farm building of each family are situated closest to each other and fields surrounding the settlement. (7 IDK)
5. When agencies such as the world bank make a deal with third world countries that they will cancel their debt if the country will set aside a certain amount of their natural resources. (6 IDK)
10. An increase in the percentage of the number of people living in densely populated settlements. (7 VIT)
13. The total number of people divided by the total land area.This is important because we need to know the density of how many people per land.(1 VIT)
16. Are services that focus on the creation, re-arrangement and interpretation of new and existing ideas; data interpretation and the use and evaluation of new technologies. (6 CC)
18. States that LDC's tend to have a higher dependency ratio, the ratio of the number of people under 15 or over 64 to the number in the labor force. This is important because Dependency theory is a big thing in the world. (5 VIT)
20. Refers to the economic control that MDCs are sometimes believed to have over LDCs. (5 IDK)
22. The rapid widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population. (3 CC)
25. Refers to people who advocate population control programs, to ensure resources for current and future populations. (2 IDK)
26. The spread of one feature from one place to another in a snowballing process. The idea moves outward from hearth, expanding. (3 CC)
28. The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin. (1 CC)
30. A phrase meaning "the base," is a broad term for both terrorist organization and a "brand name" of affiliates. (4 IDK)
31. City around a beltway that is a node of consumer and business services. (7 CC)

Across

2. what the progress in the 1700’s was called when factories started to get built
5. leaving stalks of old crops on the field to get plowed under-Shades the soil- water retention in the soil
7. this is when farm land is farmed year after year- it causes nutrient depletion in the soil
9. pollution released into the air
11. these areas are important for commercial and recreational fisheries. It is the place where juvenile sea life “grows up”
13. every living thing requires ____ to live so we must be sure we keep it clean and fresh and available!
15. contamination of Earth’s air, water or land
17. restoring land to its original natural ecosystem is called land _____
20. this is taking away trees due to mining in the area, or development or logging. Will cause increased soil erosion
25. _____ pollutants such as chemicals in your house can be damaging to water sources if leaked or spilled on the ground
27. when the population exceeds the resources in an area we say we have reached a state of ______
29. the O3 chemical that is good up in the atmosphere but can be bad if created low to the ground
31. this substance in the water is very difficult to clean up- it coats the tissues of water organisms and the shoreline plants
32. people moving IN to an area
33. coral ____ is a concern as it is killing coral reef areas. The water is too hot and the coral animals expel their algal partners and the coral dies off
35. over use of these by farmers causes a decline in important insect populations
36. overfishing and overhunting can cause species to become ____
37. the chemicals that were used in aerosols that harmed the ozone layer—have been banned
39. when populations are so large that they increase rapidly
41. using less of a resource so it lasts longer
42. airpollution inside is sometimes called this- do to people with allergies to things being affected
43. this is considered a pollutant as animals cannot live in water areas where the temperature is unnatural
44. ____ ____ released from factories and industries can get into the water and bind to fish tissues. If we eat these we can get sick. The most notable ones are mercury and lead
45. sustainable _____ management is very important as we are very dependent on trees as a natural resource
46. in this type of pollution, three is more than one source adding to it
47. this many kilometers from a coast line belongs to the country of that coastline- all resources are theirs
48. this causes hotter soils and loss of plant diversity. Can cause more erosion also
49. giving time for resources to replenish and recover

Down

1. this is “farming” of fish and sea life to produce a high population. Usually done to have resources for restaurants.
3. using a resource over and over so new products don’t have to be made
4. deforestation can lead to this- the soil eroding and drying out
6. this is considered a pollutant to water if it washes into a water source and covers animals, nests, or clouds the water and doesn’t allow photosynthesis. It can also carry fertilizers and pesticides
8. a toxic gas that is emitted by rocks- you need to be aware if you have a basement or a lot of stone in your house
10. alternating crops every year to maintain nutrients
12. deforestation and building on wetland decreases the land available and the _____ of animals
14. rain that is acidic due to air pollution
16. places where human garbage is dumped
18. people moving OUT of an area
19. the logging practice where they leave some trees to maintain a habitat for organisms
21. a toxic gas emitted from unburned natural gas- you can buy a detector to put in your house- it has no smell and can be deadly
22. pipes in landfills allow gases to escape from deep in the trash as bacteria and fungi are going through the process of this
23. in this type of pollution you KNOW where it is coming from
24. these are organisms that are brought to a new area that is not their natural habitat. The survive by taking food and space resources away from what is already there naturally
26. the term used to describe how urban areas spread (because of population increase) out and take over rural areas
28. this in the water is becoming a he problem. Is is found in all the world’s oceans. From big pieces to micro pieces
30. thick brown haze caused by trapped chemicals reacting with sunlight low to the ground
34. the largest population an area can support
38. the logging practice where they cut down everything
40. things human use from Earth that are not man made

Across

4. A storm with widespread snowfall accompanied by strong winds.
7. World’s second most polluted city of 2019 (According to globalresidenceindex.com).
11. Biggest, highest and tallest dam of India build on this river.
13. Any substance that can cause or contribute to the production of cancer.
16. The area occupied by a community or species (group of animals or plants), such as a forest floor, desert or sea shore.
20. A green plant that is distinguished from woody plants by being leaflike in appearance and texture.
23. Chemicals used in manufacturing and, in the past, in aerosol cans and refrigerators, which can damage the ozone layer.
24. A species seriously at risk of extinction.
26. The weather in some location averaged over a period of time.
27. Plants and animals that are grown or reared without the use of synthetic fertilisers, pesticides or hormones.
28. Earth's southernmost continent.
29. Small-scale tourism in fragile and protected areas that aims to have a low impact on the environment, benefit local communities and enable tourists to learn more about the natural and cultural history of the place.
30. Physical, mental, and behavioral changes that follow a daily cycle.
31. A nationally uniform index for reporting and forecasting daily air quality.
33. Energy from resources such as wind power, solar energy or biomass.
36. An organism that breaks down, organic material such as the remains of dead organisms.
40. Describes a type of forest characterized by mostly needle-leaved, cone-bearing trees or shrubs, such as pine, spruce, and fir.
41. Air pollution consisting of smoke and fog, which occurs in large urban and industrial areas.
42. An international agreement signed in Japan in 1997, attached to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change.
43. A colourless, odourless gas resulting from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. It interferes with the blood's ability to carry oxygen to the body's tissues
45. The thin protective layer of gas 10 to 50km above the Earth that acts as a filter for ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. High UV levels can lead to skin cancer and cataracts and affect the growth of plants.
47. The process by which a chemical is reduced to a less complex form.
48. Development using land or energy sources in a way that meets the needs of people today without reducing the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
52. An animal that feeds on other animals.
53. A large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV).
54. A furnace that is designed to burn waste at very high temperatures under controlled conditions and is licensed by national regulatory authorities.
55. Sharing a car to a destination to reduce fuel use, pollution and travel costs.
56. A geologic period spanning 199.6 - 145.5 million years ago.
57. A species that is non-native and due to rapid reproduction, strangling other species or changing the chemistry of the soil it becomes detrimental to the habitat in which it resides.

Down

1. Water that is a mixture of both fresh and salt water.
2. Height above sea level.
3. Liquid wastes from communities, which may be a mixture of domestic effluent from homes and liquid waste from industry.
5. Organic waste material produced by the decomposition of dead plants and animals.
6. Father of the White Revolution in India.
8. A type of electromagnetic radiation that has wavelengths longer than visible light.
9. A fungus that grows co-dependently with algae.
10. Changes in an organism’s structure or habit that help it adjust to its surroundings.
12. An instrument that measures atmospheric pressure.
14. Unpredictable, devastating events like earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, cyclones etc. which can be and can cause irreparable damage of life and property.
15. The biological variety of a particular environment as reflected by the number of different species of plant and animals present.
17. The slow aging process during which a lake, estuary, or bay evolves into a bog or marsh and eventually disappears.
18. The gradual increase in temperature of the Earth’s surface caused by human activities.
19. Process by which the structure of a biological community evolves over time.
21. The ability to break down or decompose rapidly under natural conditions and processes.
22. Garhwali environmentalist and Chipko movement leader.
25. Heaviest insect in the world.
32. A community of organisms in which each member is eaten in turn by another member.
34. Waterman of India
35. The mass of air surrounding the Earth.
37. The wearing away of land or soil by the action of wind, water, or ice.
38. Earth Summit (Portuguese: ECO92), was a major United Nations conference held in …………. from 3 to 14 June in 1992.
39. World’s smallest flowering plant. Found all over the planet, this bright green oval plant is about the size of a grain of rice.
44. These filters are capable of removing 99.9% of all unwanted sub-micron particles from the air.
46. A belt of calms between the Atlantic and Pacific trade winds.
49. The area where two adjacent ecosystems transition, i.e, woodlands transition to meadow.
50. Largest living bird.
51. The science, art, and practice of managing and using trees, forests, and their associated resources for human benefit.

Across

3. The weather in some location averaged over a period of time.
5. World’s second most polluted city of 2019 (According to globalresidenceindex.com).
12. An instrument that measures atmospheric pressure.
16. A shrub or small tree that grows in coastal saline or brackish water.
18. The science, art, and practice of managing and using trees, forests, and their associated resources for human benefit.
19. Earth Summit (Portuguese: ECO92), was a major United Nations conference held in …………. from 3 to 14 June in 1992.
21. Changes in an organism’s structure or habit that help it adjust to its surroundings.
22. Biggest, highest and tallest dam of India build on this river.
24. The mass of air surrounding the Earth.
26. Unpredictable, devastating events like earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, cyclones etc. which can be and can cause irreparable damage of life and property.
28. A species that is non-native and due to rapid reproduction, strangling other species or changing the chemistry of the soil it becomes detrimental to the habitat in which it resides.
30. The area occupied by a community or species (group of animals or plants), such as a forest floor, desert or sea shore.
32. A nationally uniform index for reporting and forecasting daily air quality.
33. A species seriously at risk of extinction.
35. A type of forest characterized by mostly needle-leaved, cone-bearing trees or shrubs, such as pine, spruce, and fir.
37. Chemicals used in manufacturing and, in the past, in aerosol cans and refrigerators, which can damage the ozone layer.
39. An organism that breaks down, organic material such as the remains of dead organisms.
40. World’s smallest flowering plant. Found all over the planet, this bright green oval plant is about the size of a grain of rice.
42. A type of electromagnetic radiation that has wavelengths longer than visible light.
43. Sharing a car to a destination to reduce fuel use, pollution and travel costs.
45. Physical, mental, and behavioral changes that follow a daily cycle.
46. Height above sea level.
47. A belt of calms between the Atlantic and Pacific trade winds.
49. Liquid wastes from communities, which may be a mixture of domestic effluent from homes and liquid waste from industry.
50. A community of organisms in which each member is eaten in turn by another member.
52. The slow aging process during which a lake, estuary, or bay evolves into a bog or marsh and eventually disappears.
53. Occurs in bacteria and other organisms and involves the use of energy released by inorganic chemical reactions to produce food.
55. The gradual increase in temperature of the Earth’s surface caused by human activities.
56. Waterman of India
57. Development using land or energy sources in a way that meets the needs of people today without reducing the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Down

1. Largest Lakes in India.
2. The wearing away of land or soil by the action of wind, water, or ice.
4. A storm with widespread snowfall accompanied by strong winds.
6. The process by which a chemical is reduced to a less complex form.
7. Process by which the structure of a biological community evolves over time.
8. The thin protective layer of gas 10 to 50km above the Earth that acts as a filter for ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.
9. Heaviest insect in the world.
10. Plants and animals that are grown or reared without the use of synthetic fertilisers, pesticides or hormones.
11. Energy from resources such as wind power, solar energy or biomass.
13. The biological variety of a particular environment as reflected by the number of different species of plant and animals present.
14. Earth's southernmost continent.
15. A geologic period spanning 199.6 - 145.5 million years ago.
17. An international agreement signed in Japan in 1997, attached to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change.
20. A furnace that is designed to burn waste at very high temperatures under controlled conditions and is licensed by national regulatory authorities.
23. Any substance that can cause or contribute to the production of cancer.
25. An animal that feeds on other animals.
27. Garhwali environmentalist and Chipko movement leader.
29. A fungus that grows co-dependently with algae.
31. A green plant that is distinguished from woody plants by being leaflike in appearance and texture.
34. The area where two adjacent ecosystems transition, i.e, woodlands transition to meadow.
36. Small-scale tourism in fragile and protected areas that aims to have a low impact on the environment, benefit local communities and enable tourists to learn more about the natural and cultural history of the place.
38. Largest living bird.
41. Water that is a mixture of both fresh and salt water.
43. A colourless, odourless gas resulting from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. It interferes with the blood's ability to carry oxygen to the body's tissues
44. These filters are capable of removing 99.9% of all unwanted sub-micron particles from the air.
48. Organic waste material produced by the decomposition of dead plants and animals.
51. The ability to break down or decompose rapidly under natural conditions and processes.
54. Air pollution consisting of smoke and fog, which occurs in large urban and industrial areas.

Across

5. A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that black families will soon move into the neighborhood.
6. banks, insurance companies, etc., refuse or limit loans, mortgages, insurance, etc., within specific geographic areas, especially inner-city neighborhoods.
10. The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry
11. an established language that comes to be spoken and understood between people who do not share a common language. For example, most of the nations around the world recognize English as a ___________.
12. German economic geographer who developed a model for the location of secondary industries, in his Theory of the Location of Industries, published in 1909. His theories influenced the layout of cities.
13. the outer most zone of the Concentric Zone Model that represents people who choose to live in residential suburbia and take a daily commute in the CBD to work.
14. The process in which a minority group adapts and changes to a dominant culture but still retains some of their own cultural distinctiveness.
16. the total value of all goods and services produced by a country's economy in a year
17. a large body of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a particular country or territory.
19. the total value of all goods and services produced within a country during a given year.
20. The north-south lines that separate townships
21. The physical characteristics of a place
22. An individual forced to leave his or her home due to an internal conflict in their country but remains within their country’s borders.
23. The number of people under the age of 15 and over the age of 64 compared to the number of people partaking in the labor force.
26. The process by which an individual is compelled to leave their home due to an adversity that is usually natural and out of their control, such as the Dust Bowl or economic struggles.
27. government-designated areas in China where foreign investment is allowed and capitalistic ventures are encouraged
30. pastoral practice of seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pasture lands
31. satisfies the needs of the urban residents themselves
32. The process in which a minority group loses its culture to a dominant culture
33. The expansion of economic, political, and cultural processes to the point that they become global in scale and impact; this process is inevitable and continues to occur as the exchange of goods, services, information, and cultures becomes easier around the globe.
34. A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality
35. The geographic study of human-environment relationships

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1. The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for subsistence or economic gain. Agriculture allowed settlements and populations to establish and specialize. Agricultural practices are a good indicator of the development of a region.
2. The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and a low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, a low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population. This process is portrayed by a commonly recognized model. This concept is important to understand as many countries have either already transitioned into the developed stages of the model, are striving to enter development, or are struggling to develop and remain in the lower stages of the model.
3. The downtown or nucleus of a city where retail stores, offices, and cultural activities are concentrated; building densities are usually quite high; and transportation systems converge.
4. Associated with the Industrial Revolution. Technology was used to increase the production and distribution of products.
7. the fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a common national or cultural tradition.
8. the zone of greatest concentration or homogeneity of the culture traits that characterize a region. This area has a wide influence over its surrounding area, including economic, social, and political influence.
9. A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land
15. a subset of the tertiary sector, it includes service jobs concerned with administration, and processing and disseminating information
18. The beliefs, behaviors, and characteristics of a particular group. This concept is an important part of people's lives, influencing their views and values, and should therefore be understood in order to understand people.
24. Using capitalism, globalization and/or cultural imperialism to influence a developing or weaker country instead of the previous colonial methods of direct military control or indirect political control
25. The process by which an individual is enforced to leave their home due to conflict, often violent and between authorities.
28. Process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power.
29. The locational importance of a place relative to other places

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4. A graph showing the distribution of values in a set of data. Individual values are displayed along a horizontal axis, and the frequency of their occurrence is displayed along a vertical axis.
5. The downslope direction of the maximum rate of change in value from each cell to its adjacent area.
6. An image processing method for combining multiple images into a single raster, where each image or band has the same extent and/or resampled resolution.
10. The digital representation of the land surface elevation with respect to any reference datum. These layers are frequently used to refer to representation of a topographic surface.
13. The energy that moves through space at the speed of light as different wavelengths of time-varying electric and magnetic fields. Types of electromagnetic radiation include gamma, x, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwave, and radio.
15. A series of pixels without data, often represented by value that is not valid elsewhere in the dataset.
17. An airborne drone with sensor.
21. A multiband image generated from a combination individual raster bands (e.g. false colour).
23. The mean distance between maximums (or minimums) of a roughly periodic pattern on the electromagnetic spectrum. It is normally measured in micrometres (um) or nanometres (nm).
24. An active optical remote-sensing technique that uses laser light to densely sample the surface of the earth, producing highly accurate X, Y and Z measurements.
25. The minimum bounding area of a map or raster. All source data fall within this boundary.
26. A band of the electromagnetic spectrum ranging from approximately 700 nm to 2500 nm.
32. The application of geometric rules to find the length of a line, area of a surface, or volume of an object using the information obtained from lines and angles.
33. The fundamental unit of data collection. This is represented in a remotely sensed image as a cell in an array of data values.
34. A matrix of cells (or pixels) organized into row and columns where each cell contains a value representing information.
36. The internal sub-setting of a spatial dataset, especially a raster, typically used to process or analyse a large dataset without consuming vast quantities of computer memory.
37. The computational process of assigning pixels or objects into a set of categories, or classes, having common spectral, shape, elevation, or other definable characteristics.
39. A standard digital image file format for containing lossy and compressed image data.

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1. A reduced-resolution dataset stored with imagery that is used to read and display imagery at lower resolutions.
2. A function that takes an image as input and generates an image as output.
3. A system of radio-emitting and -receiving satellites used for determining positions on the earth. The orbiting satellites transmit signals that allow this receiver to calculate its own location through trilateration.
7. The study and mapping of land surfaces, including relief (relative positions and elevations) and the position of natural and constructed features.
8. A measure of the proportion of the incident light or radiation reflected by a specific earth surface.
9. A data model within a geodatabase used to manage collections of raster datasets stored as a catalogue and viewed as a combined image or individual images.
11. A term for two or more ranges of frequencies or wavelengths (producing images with specific band combinations) in the electromagnetic spectrum.
12. A group of multispectral, earth-orbiting satellites developed by NASA that gather imagery for land-use inventory, geological and mineralogical exploration, crop and forestry assessment, and cartography.
14. An image which is fused with a lower-resolution multiband raster dataset. It is used to increase spatial resolution and better visualise a multiband image.
16. The process of reducing the size of a file or database. This can improve data handling, storage, and database performance.
18. The number of oscillations per unit of time in a wave of energy, or the number of wavelengths that pass a point in a given amount of time.
19. The phenomenon in which, due to viewing angle, one object blocks another object from view in an image.
20. The degree of contrast between the mid-level grey values of a raster dataset. Application of this correction type allows users to control the overall brightness of a raster dataset, as well as the ratios of red to green to blue.
22. A process by which imagery is geometrically corrected so that coordinates in the imagery accurately represent coordinates on the ground (i.e. GCPs).
27. The amount of solar radiation received by an area over a given period of time.
28. The origin and orientation of lines of latitude and longitude, providing a frame of reference for measuring location on the earth’s surface.
29. A numerical data type that does not have a set number of digits before and after the decimal point.
30. The feel or appearance of the surface of an object of interest, used to help identify the object.
31. A ratio of original bands, sometimes with other factors or coefficients included.
34. A device or system that detects surface features on the earth by bouncing radio waves off them and measuring the energy reflected back.
35. A Tagged Image File Format with spatial reference information.
38. The incline, or steepness, of a surface, measured in degrees from horizontal (0–90), or percent.

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1. The VA provides healthcare and benefits to former service members of the US _______
4. The number of members in George Washington’s original cabinet
8. Created by George Washington to deal with the increasing national debt, _____ ____ led the newly created Treasury Department as its first secretary
10. Two major agencies that exist as part of the Department of Health and Human Services (abbreviations)
12. This department (abbreviation) is responsible for developing and executing federal laws related to farming, forestry, rural economic development, and food safety and inspection
14. The ______ (abbreviation) is a federal agency responsible for planning, funding, and overseeing transportation projects, setting safety regulations, and ensuring the safe and efficient movement of people and goods across the nation. It includes, among other agencies, the FAA
17. The Department of the _____ manages public lands, natural resources national parks, conservation, wildlife refuges and upholds federal trust responsibilities to indian tribes and native Alaskans
18. The Department of Labor was originally included as part of the department of commerce, until later given its own agency by President _____
21. The heads of the cabinet departments are usually referred to as ______
22. The USDA was called the “people’s department” by ____ _____ who established it in 1862 owing to the fact that over half of the nation was directly or indirectly involved in areas which the department would oversee
23. HUD was founded as a Cabinet department in 1965 as part of LBJ’s “____ ____” program
26. The Department of _______ (2 words) is the third largest Cabinet office with 260,000 employees, handling public safety issues like terrorism, disaster prevention, and immigration
28. Part of the Department of the Interior that includes scientists who oversee the nation’s oil, natural gas and coal resources as well as studying the impacts of solar and wind energy development (abbreviation)
29. The Department of ____manages the research and development of nuclear power and weaponry, addressing the climate crisis, and conducting research in over 17 national laboratories across the united states
30. The Department of ____ works to address issues on homelessness, and studies policies on how to support the people who have served in the armed forces
32. The Department of Commerce includes agencies such as the ____ Bureau (which gathers population data) as well as the national oceanic and atmospheric administration and national weather service
34. The Department of ____ oversees federal student financial aid, college accreditation and federal policies affecting the funding and administration of public schools
35. This department (Abbreviation) oversees policy and research on matters from physical fitness, to opioid prevention, to adoption and foster care and financial assistance and services for low-income families

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2. The Department of ____ handles unemployment benefits, workplace safety, and wage standards
3. The DHS was formed by____ __ _____ in response to the September 11 attacks at the World Trade Center
5. The Department of _____’s mission is to protect and promote U.S. security, prosperity, and democratic values and shape an international environment in which all Americans can thrive.
6. Part of the DHS that provides federal disaster assistance
7. This department (abbreviation) oversees community planning, federal aid in major metropolitan areas, federal housing projects, enforcing laws against discrimination on the basis race, religion, etc.
9. The Department of _______ focuses on enforcement of federal law and includes the FBI, DEA, and INS
11. The Department of ____ is responsible for matters relating to economic growth and opportunity like setting industrial standards or gathering data for policy-making.
13. The Department of Energy was created by President _____ with the goal of reducing the use of fossil fuels and the impacts of oil crises
15. Part of the DHS that, in addition to other agencies such as the Secret Service, Customs and Protections and the Coast Guard, works to ensure domestic security at major access points (abbreviation)
16. The Department of ____ is America’s largest government agency and coordinates and supervises all agencies and functions of the US government directly related to national security and the United States Armed forces
19. The DOD includes military departments as well as four national intelligence services such as the Defense Intelligence Agency and the ____ (abbreviation) which leads in cryptology, encompassing both signals intelligence (SIGINT) and cybersecurity, to gain a decisive advantage for the nation and its allies.
20. administer and enforce federal regulations to help keep employees safe, as well as ensure their rights
21. The USDA oversees a number of programs to improve access to food and a healthy diet including the ____ (abbreviation) program, often referred to as food stamps
24. The _____ Department manages federal finances by collecting taxes and paying bills and by managing currency, government accounts and public debt.
25. The _____ ____ is also an important member of the Cabinet who, due to being an elected official, does not require Senate confirmation to fulfill the role
27. The heads of the cabinet departments are nominated by the President and then confirmed by the ____ through simple majority
31. In addition to the cabinet, the President also has the support of the ____(abbreviation) led by the White House Chief of Staff - a position that, unlike cabinet secretaries, does not require the confirmation of the Senate
33. In addition to its other duties, the State Department oversees diplomatic _____ who escort and deliver important classified material to foreign nations with whom the department is conducting business

Across

4. Design, the capacity of a design to adapt to changing conditions and to maintain or regain functionality and vitality in the face of stress or disturbance.
9. the flow of heat through an object by transferring heat from one molecule to another. Think frying pan on a stove or wood stud that touches the inside drywall and the outside wall sheathing.
10. water from bathtubs, shower drains, sinks, washing machines, and dishwashers is considered grey water.
13. House, home designed to be less than 1,000 sf
14. Insulation, a low-thermal-conductivity material used to reduce heat loss and gain from a building.
16. Barrier, a barrier that reduces the rate that water vapor can move through a material.
18. Load, the power consumed by electronics and appliances while they are technically switched off or in standby mode.
20. Entry or zero-step entry, a flush entry from the driveway or garage into your home.
22. the act of repurposing / updating / remodeling of a building.
26. landscaping, the practical integration of food plants within your landscape for the purposes of decorating as well as producing food.
28. define the requirements regarding materials, products, installation and quality aspects pertaining to the execution of the work and contract.
30. the practice of using cost-effective strategies to modify a building to decrease energy usage and increase comfort.
33. a strip of impervious material used to stop water from penetrating the junction of a wall or roof with another surface.
34. Concrete, concrete that allows water to move through the material into a storage area under the pavement.
36. Footprint, a measure of the impact our activities have on the environment in terms of the amount of greenhouse gases we produce.
40. A gas used widely in production of adhesives, plastics, preservatives, and fabric treatments and commonly emitted by indoor materials that are made with its compounds.
41. an electronic device that measures the relative humidity in a space.
42. Conservation Carbon Offsets, similar to forestry, native grasses and other vegetation provide a natural source of greenhouse gas (GHG) absorption and sequestration.

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1. flow of heat from a warm source through space in waves of infrared or visible light energy. Think sunlight through a window.
2. Changes per Hour (ACH), the measure how many times the air within a defined space is replaced.
3. Casement or Double-Hung glass opening in a wall system.
5. Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning system in your home or business.
6. Ventilation, the process of supplying and removing air by natural means from building spaces by using windows, doors, solar chimneys, and non-powered ventilators.
7. refers to the transfer of heat by a moving fluid. Thing warm air rising and cool air sinking in a room. Convection loops circulate near walls. During the heating season, warm air is cooled by exterior walls and falls towards the floor, creating a convection loop. Convective loops can also happen within framing cavities if the insulation doesn’t completely fill the space.
8. Bridge, where heat occurs across more conductive components in an otherwise well-insulated material, resulting in disproportionately significant heat loss.
10. a label program created by the Environmental Protection Agency for consumers to easily identify water efficient products.
11. recycling, a process or system where all paper, plastics, metals, cardboard, glass, and trash goes into the same can and is sorted by the facility into separate commodities.
12. Ash, a fine, glass like powder recovered from the coal-burning process for the production of electricity.
14. verification and documentation that a building and the systems used are designed, installed, tested, operated, and maintained to meet the project requirements set by the building owner.
15. Building, a structure that has historic, architectural, or cultural significance.
17. Shelf, a horizontal overhanging element located above the eye-level and typically having a highly reflective upper surface.
19. or Energy Recovery Ventilator, part of a balanced ventilation system that transfers water vapor and heat from one airstream to another.
21. concrete form (ICF), a wall building system made of reinforced concrete and most commonly rigid thermal insulation.
23. a tubular daylighting system
24. Home, A design approach that encompasses specific design features that ensure that a new house or apartment will meet the current and future needs of most households.
25. a resilient flooring product that was developed in the 1800’s. It consists of cork flour, linseed oil, oak dust, and jute.
27. design, the art or process of designing the interior of a room or building.
29. Metering, a method of crediting consumers for the electricity that is generated on their home or business in excess of the total electricity that they have used.
31. the removal of soil and rock by water from one location to another.
32. Curtains, Thermal curtains have a lining that resists temperature change and are heavy enough to stop air flow.
35. Thermography, thermal imaging, or thermal video, a type of infrared imaging used for determining air leakage in energy audits.
37. Neutral Building, the process of taking into account measuring, reducing, and offsetting carbon energy used by the building.
38. tile, made from clay that has been permanently hardened by heat, often having a decorative glaze.
39. Topography, an area of irregular limestone in which erosion has produced fissures, sinkholes, underground streams and caverns.

Across

1. Involves exposure that take place outside Natural Sources- not caused by humans Area Source- many small sources located together
3. Involves exposure that take place inside Stationary Source- source that doesn’t move Mobile Source- capable of moving on its own
6. Can be beneficial because plants can grow in parts of the world where they weren’t able to before.
13. The total amount of individuals a population can have
18. (eat producers)
21. Begins in a place that already has soil and was once the home of living organisms
26. Instead, food webs are used, which combine multiple food chains into one large diagram.
27. Introduction of harmful materials into the environment
28. A system that includes all living (biotic) organisms in its area as well as the physical environment (abiotic) functioning together as a unit
31. Any living factor in an organism's environment
32. A system that includes all living (biotic) organisms in its area as well as the physical environment (abiotic) functioning together as a unit
33. Particulate Matter, Ground-level ozone,Carbon Monoxide, Sulfur oxide, Nitrogen oxides, Lead
35. The branch of biology that studies the interactions among organisms and their environment
37. The effect of the limiting factor has no connection to the density of the population
38. Any non-living factor in an organism's environment, physical or chemical.
40. The management of forests and their surrounding areas.
44. During this time period, algae and invertebrates were the only times of organisms living on the planet.
46. (eat secondary)
47. Dominant vegetation is grasses
53. Above 85 km Temperature increases up to 1500 C with solar radiation Satellites orbit in this zone
57. a portion of the population of a species is counted in a particular area and that number is used to estimate the total population
58. a vital species within an ecosystem that all other species depend on to keep the ecosystem healthy.
60. Oxygen makes up about 26% of the gas in our atmosphere
62. Rolling lands with scattered trees and shrubs
63. different kinds of organisms, relationships among species in a community
64. The meteorite theory is the most popular theory that explains the mass extinction of dinosaurs during this time period.
65. Observations that occur through DIRECT interaction with the population being studied.
66. Evaporation: change of liquid to a gas (water vapor)Transpiration: release of water vapor through the stomata of plant leaves Condensation: water vapor cooling and changing back to a liquid Precipitation: liquid that has condensed and is falling from the atmosphere as rain, sleet, snow, or hail
67. Animals are moving northward to cooler climates and migrating to higher elevations than before.
68. Only biome with 4 proper seasons

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2. Model that shows the available energy at each trophic level Only 10 percent of the energy at each trophic level is passed on to the next trophic level (90% of energy is lost)
4. Long cold winters, short wet summers
5. different genes & combinations of genes within populations
7. Chemicals in the air mix with water to form harmful pollutants
8. The role or function of an organism within its environment
9. Nitrogen is an essential component in amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, and ATP Nitrogen gas makes up 78% of our atmosphere, but nitrogen gas is unusable to most organisms
10. Begins in a place that has no soil
11. how and where organisms are located Three types:Even (uniform) – not as common; occurs due to scarcity of resources Clumped – most common; safety in numbers, social interaction, mating and caring for young, resources are clumped. Random – rare
12. Different habitats, niches, species interactions in a particular biome.
14. This biome is the coldest and is frozen year round
15. Producers:Make their own food from sunlight. (autotrophs) Consumers:Must eat to gain energy (heterotrophs)
16. Simplified model that shows a single path for energy flow through an ecosystem
17. The predictable and gradual replacement of one plant community by another through natural processes over time
19. the rearing and the processing of cattle for food and byproducts
20. The only cycle that does not cycle through the atmosphere
22. Birth rate: number of births a population has in 1 year Death rate: number of deaths a population has in 1 year Growth rate: the difference between the birth and the death rate
23. Up to 85 km above earth Temperature decreases outside of ozone layer below Coldest layer of atmosphere
24. The total population divided into five-year age groups
25. the more dense a population is, the more effect the limiting factors will have
29. (eat primary)
30. Is a group of organisms of one species that interbreed and live in the same space at the same time
34. Highest biodiversity of all the biomes
36. Carbon also enters the atmosphere through cellular respiration. Fossil fuels (remains of ancient organisms) also release CO2 when they are burned.
39. What period was considered to have the burst of life but also contributed to the stores of carbon and fossil fuels?
41. eat to gain energy
42. The existence of a wide range of different types of organisms in a given place at a given time
43. The part of the earth (or planet) that is capable of supporting life
45. the number of individuals per unit area
48. Zone closest to the surface Means “region of mixing” All weather occurs in this zone
49. Fungi and bacteria that breakdown remains of consumers and producers
50. Is a group of organisms of one species that interbreed and live in the same space at the same time
51. Continues up to about 50 km from the surface Ozone Layer- absorbs UV energy from the sun and releases it as heat
52. The practice of Farming, including the cultivation of crops and raising of livestock, such as cows, chickens, goats, and sheep.
54. Make their own energy (food) from sunlight (autotrophs)
55. The range of abiotic factors an organism can tolerate
56. Hottest and driest of all the biomes
59. The role or function of an organism within its environment
61. Coastal biome with hot and dry summers and short mild-rainy winter season

Across

1. Rebellion was a rebellion of enslaved Virginians that took place in Southampton County, Virginia, in August 1831, led by Nat Turner. The rebels killed between 55 and 65 people, at least 51 of whom were white.
4. meaning "cotton engine" – is a machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds, enabling much greater productivity than manual cotton separation.
5. was a network of secret routes and safe houses established in the United States during the early to mid-19th century, and used by enslaved African-Americans to primarily escape into free states and Canada
7. who signed and printed his name Wm. Lloyd Garrison, was a prominent American abolitionist, journalist, suffragist, and social reformer.
11. was an American advocate on behalf of the indigent mentally ill who, through a vigorous and sustained program of lobbying state legislatures and the United States Congress, created the first generation of American mental asylums. During the Civil War, she served as a Superintendent of Army Nurses.
12. was an American abolitionist and political activist. Born into slavery, Tubman escaped and subsequently made some 13 missions to rescue approximately 70 enslaved people, including family and friends, using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad.
13. social movement against the consumption of alcoholic beverages. Participants in the movement typically criticize alcohol intoxication or promote complete abstinence from alcohol, and its leaders emphasize alcohol's negative effects on people's health, personalities and family lives
16. The expansion of internal American trade greatly increased with the adoption of canals, steamboats, and railroads. These collective advances in technology became known as the Transportation Revolution.
17. an American engineer and inventor who is widely credited with developing a commercially successful steamboat; the first was called North River Steamboat‌
20. parts are parts that are, for practical purposes, identical. They are made to specifications that ensure that they are so nearly identical that they will fit into any assembly of the same type. One such part can freely replace another, without any custom fitting, such as filing
21. was a leader of the women's rights movement in the U.S. during the mid- to late-1800s. She was the main force behind the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention, the first convention to be called for the sole purpose of discussing women's rights, and was the primary author of its Declaration of Sentiments.
23. American inventor, actor, and businessman. He made important improvements in the design of the sewing machineand was the founder of what became one of the first American multi-national businesses, the Singer Sewing Machine Company.
24. an apparatus for communication at a distance by coded signals especially: an apparatus, system, or process for communication at a distance by electric transmission over the wire.
25. was an American social reformer, abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman. After escaping from slavery in Maryland, he became a national leader of the abolitionist movement in Massachusetts and New York, becoming famous for his oratory and incisive antislavery writings.
26. brand name of Deere & Company, an American corporation that manufactures agricultural, construction, and forestry machinery, diesel engines, drivetrains used in heavy equipment, and lawn care equipment

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2. Awakening was a Protestant religious revival during the early 19th century in the United States. The Second Great Awakening, which spread religion through revivals and emotional preaching, sparked a number of reform movements.
3. American inventor and painter. After having established his reputation as a portrait painter, in his middle age Morse contributed to the invention of a single-wire telegraph system based on European telegraphs.
6. American Quaker, abolitionist, women's rights activist, and social reformer. She had formed the idea of reforming the position of women in society when she was amongst the women excluded from the World Anti-Slavery Convention held in London in 1840.
8. was a public school in the United States during the 19th century. Horace Mann was a strong advocate for public education and the common schoo
9. was an American educational reformer and Whig politician known for his commitment to promoting public education. ... Educational historians credit Horace Mann, along with Henry Barnard and Catherine Beecher as one of the major advocates of the Common School Movement
10. American inventor and businessman who founded the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company, which later became part of the International Harvester Company in 1902.
14. From 1891 to 1992, the St. Louis Southwestern Railway operated between St. Louis, Missouri, and various points in the states of Arkansas and Texas. It was nicknamed "The Cotton Belt Route," or simply Cotton Belt, because its rails ran primarily through regions where cotton was the predominate crop.
15. was an American abolitionist and women's rights activist. Truth was born into slavery in Swartekill, New York, but escaped with her infant daughter to freedom in 1826. After going to court to recover her son in 1828, she became the first black woman to win such a case against a white man.
18. transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
19. flexible material made by creating an interlocking network of yarns or threads, which are produced by spinning raw fibres into long and twisted lengths. Textiles are then formed by weaving, knitting, crocheting, knotting, tatting, felting, bonding or braiding these yarns together
22. system was a labor and production model employed during the rise of the textile industry in the United States, particularly in New England, amid the larger backdrop of rapid expansion of the Industrial Revolution the early 19th century

Across

1. Involves exposure that take place outside Natural Sources- not caused by humans Area Source- many small sources located together
3. Involves exposure that take place inside Stationary Source- source that doesn’t move Mobile Source- capable of moving on its own
6. Can be beneficial because plants can grow in parts of the world where they weren’t able to before.
13. The total amount of individuals a population can have
18. (eat producers)
21. Begins in a place that already has soil and was once the home of living organisms
26. Instead, food webs are used, which combine multiple food chains into one large diagram.
27. Introduction of harmful materials into the environment
28. A system that includes all living (biotic) organisms in its area as well as the physical environment (abiotic) functioning together as a unit
31. Any living factor in an organism's environment
32. A system that includes all living (biotic) organisms in its area as well as the physical environment (abiotic) functioning together as a unit
33. Particulate Matter, Ground-level ozone,Carbon Monoxide, Sulfur oxide, Nitrogen oxides, Lead
35. The branch of biology that studies the interactions among organisms and their environment
37. The effect of the limiting factor has no connection to the density of the population
38. Any non-living factor in an organism's environment, physical or chemical.
40. The management of forests and their surrounding areas.
44. During this time period, algae and invertebrates were the only times of organisms living on the planet.
46. (eat secondary)
47. Dominant vegetation is grasses
53. Above 85 km Temperature increases up to 1500 C with solar radiation Satellites orbit in this zone
57. a portion of the population of a species is counted in a particular area and that number is used to estimate the total population
58. a vital species within an ecosystem that all other species depend on to keep the ecosystem healthy.
60. Oxygen makes up about 26% of the gas in our atmosphere
62. Rolling lands with scattered trees and shrubs
63. different kinds of organisms, relationships among species in a community
64. The meteorite theory is the most popular theory that explains the mass extinction of dinosaurs during this time period.
65. Observations that occur through DIRECT interaction with the population being studied.
66. Evaporation: change of liquid to a gas (water vapor)Transpiration: release of water vapor through the stomata of plant leaves Condensation: water vapor cooling and changing back to a liquid Precipitation: liquid that has condensed and is falling from the atmosphere as rain, sleet, snow, or hail
67. Animals are moving northward to cooler climates and migrating to higher elevations than before.
68. Only biome with 4 proper seasons

Down

2. Model that shows the available energy at each trophic level Only 10 percent of the energy at each trophic level is passed on to the next trophic level (90% of energy is lost)
4. Long cold winters, short wet summers
5. different genes & combinations of genes within populations
7. Chemicals in the air mix with water to form harmful pollutants
8. The role or function of an organism within its environment
9. Nitrogen is an essential component in amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, and ATP Nitrogen gas makes up 78% of our atmosphere, but nitrogen gas is unusable to most organisms
10. Begins in a place that has no soil
11. how and where organisms are located Three types:Even (uniform) – not as common; occurs due to scarcity of resources Clumped – most common; safety in numbers, social interaction, mating and caring for young, resources are clumped. Random – rare
12. Different habitats, niches, species interactions in a particular biome.
14. This biome is the coldest and is frozen year round
15. Producers:Make their own food from sunlight. (autotrophs) Consumers:Must eat to gain energy (heterotrophs)
16. Simplified model that shows a single path for energy flow through an ecosystem
17. The predictable and gradual replacement of one plant community by another through natural processes over time
19. the rearing and the processing of cattle for food and byproducts
20. The only cycle that does not cycle through the atmosphere
22. Birth rate: number of births a population has in 1 year Death rate: number of deaths a population has in 1 year Growth rate: the difference between the birth and the death rate
23. Up to 85 km above earth Temperature decreases outside of ozone layer below Coldest layer of atmosphere
24. The total population divided into five-year age groups
25. the more dense a population is, the more effect the limiting factors will have
29. (eat primary)
30. Is a group of organisms of one species that interbreed and live in the same space at the same time
34. Highest biodiversity of all the biomes
36. Carbon also enters the atmosphere through cellular respiration. Fossil fuels (remains of ancient organisms) also release CO2 when they are burned.
39. What period was considered to have the burst of life but also contributed to the stores of carbon and fossil fuels?
41. eat to gain energy
42. The existence of a wide range of different types of organisms in a given place at a given time
43. The part of the earth (or planet) that is capable of supporting life
45. the number of individuals per unit area
48. Zone closest to the surface Means “region of mixing” All weather occurs in this zone
49. Fungi and bacteria that breakdown remains of consumers and producers
50. Is a group of organisms of one species that interbreed and live in the same space at the same time
51. Continues up to about 50 km from the surface Ozone Layer- absorbs UV energy from the sun and releases it as heat
52. The practice of Farming, including the cultivation of crops and raising of livestock, such as cows, chickens, goats, and sheep.
54. Make their own energy (food) from sunlight (autotrophs)
55. The range of abiotic factors an organism can tolerate
56. Hottest and driest of all the biomes
59. The role or function of an organism within its environment
61. Coastal biome with hot and dry summers and short mild-rainy winter season

Across

1. The average number of children born alive to a woman in her lifetime.
5. The number of people living in a square kilometre (or other unit of area).
8. refers to the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system.
9. The average age that a new-born child is expected to live to.
10. A policy that discourages human reproduction.
15. The difference between the number of people entering a country (immigration) and the number of people leaving a country (emigration).
16. The difference between the birth rates and death rates, and the change in numbers due to migration, in a population.
18. 15-49 years old
20. To leave one community or area in order to settle in another area.
24. The number of deaths per thousand people in the population, per year.
27. When water soaks into soils, removing the minerals and nutrients and reducing their ability to support plant life.
28. The study of how and why populations change in size and how they can be managed.
29. A population with a high percentage of young people (15 years or younger).
32. People migrating into a country
34. The movement of peoples from one place in the world to another.
36. The branch of medical care dealing with children and childhood diseases.
37. The change in the size of a population due to birth rates, death rates and net migration rates.
40. To estimate the number of years for a population to double, take the number 70 and divide it by the growth rate of the population.
41. based on averages; the number of years that someone is expected to live from a specific starting point; it changes as one grows older, and faces different risks.
42. Land or a climate that has little or no rainfall. It is too dry to support vegetation.
44. The number of males and females within different age groups in a given population.
45. The way in which the population is spread out across a given area.
46. The number of infant deaths for every 1000 live births, of children under the age of one.
47. Industry that converts raw materials such as farming or mining products into products for sale. The manufacturing industry.
48. The difference between the birth rates and death rates in a population; natural increase differs from overallincrease.
49. The youth dependency ratio is a measure of the young dependents (age 0 – 14) in a population, people younger than the age of 15 in relation to the working–age population (15 - 64 years old) as a ratio.

Down

2. The total dependency ratio is a measure of both the young (age 0 – 14 years) and old dependents (age 65 and older) added together to show their number versus the independent population (15 - 64 year olds). The ratio is expressed as the total number of dependents (young and old) per hundred people in the workforce.
3. industry such as mining, agriculture, fishing or forestry that is harvesting raw materials.
4. The number of live births per 1000 women (age 15–49) in the population, per year.
6. The rate at which the population replaces itself from one generation to the next (excluding migration).
7. A medical procedure used to make a person unable to have children.
11. hypothesized that unchecked population growth would quickly exceed carrying capacity, leading to overpopulation and social problems (famine/war).
12. hypothesized that food production can & will increase to match the needs of the population; improved farming methods & new technologies enable this to happen.
13. Where a family or people produce sufficient food for themselves, they do not have extra produce to sell.
14. The number of children, per 1000 live births, that die under the age of five in a population in a year.
17. equals the CBR – CDR.
19. To move into an area or region in order to settle down and live.
21. The change in the size of a population due to birth and death rates.
22. The old dependency ratio is the number of old dependents (age 65+) in a population, people older than 64 in relation to the working-age population (15 - 64 years old) as a ratio. The ratio is expressed as the total number of old dependents per hundred people in the workforce.
23. A policy that promotes human reproduction.
25. A population with a high percentage of old people (aged 65 years or older).
26. These are factors that are causing people to leave an area. They may include factors such as war, drought, floods or the lack of housing, food, education, jobs or a poor standard of living.
30. (CBR) the number of live births occurring among the population of a given geographical area during a given year
31. People migrating out of a country.
33. The dependency ratio is the measure of the dependents (non-working) portion of the population (age groups 0-14 and 65+) compared to the total independent (working) portion of the population ( 15 - 64 years). The ratio is expressed as the number of dependents per hundred people in the workforce.
35. is a graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population (typically that of a country or region of the world), which forms the shape of a pyramid when the population is growing.
38. (TFR) the average number of children a woman would have assuming that current age-specific birth rates remain constant throughout her childbearing years.
39. of a biological species in an environment is the maximum population size of the species that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the food, habitat, water, and other necessities available in the environment.
43. The number of live births per thousand people in the population, per year. Also known as the crude birth rate as it does not take age or gender into account.

Across

4. Occurs in bacteria and other organisms and involves the use of energy released by inorganic chemical reactions to produce food.
6. Father of the White Revolution in India.
8. State animal of Delhi.
9. Small-scale tourism in fragile and protected areas that aims to have a low impact on the environment, benefit local communities and enable tourists to learn more about the natural and cultural history of the place.
11. A type of electromagnetic radiation that has wavelengths longer than visible light.
12. Largest living bird.
15. The gradual increase in temperature of the Earth’s surface caused by human activities.
16. The biological variety of a particular environment as reflected by the number of different species of plant and animals present.
19. The ability to break down or decompose rapidly under natural conditions and processes.
21. Changes in an organism’s structure or habit that help it adjust to its surroundings.
23. An animal that feeds on other animals.
24. A nationally uniform index for reporting and forecasting daily air quality.
27. A storm with widespread snowfall accompanied by strong winds.
28. The thin protective layer of gas 10 to 50km above the Earth that acts as a filter for ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. High UV levels can lead to skin cancer and cataracts and affect the growth of plants.
30. A green plant that is distinguished from woody plants by being leaflike in appearance and texture.
31. Plants and animals that are grown or reared without the use of synthetic fertilisers, pesticides or hormones.
34. The mass of air surrounding the Earth.
36. Process by which the structure of a biological community evolves over time.
38. Water that is a mixture of both fresh and salt water.
39. Describes a type of forest characterized by mostly needle-leaved, cone-bearing trees or shrubs, such as pine, spruce, and fir.
40. Garhwali environmentalist and Chipko movement leader.
43. A belt of calms between the Atlantic and Pacific trade winds.
44. A species that is non-native and due to rapid reproduction, strangling other species or changing the chemistry of the soil it becomes detrimental to the habitat in which it resides.
45. Development using land or energy sources in a way that meets the needs of people today without reducing the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
48. Physical, mental, and behavioral changes that follow a daily cycle.
50. A community of organisms in which each member is eaten in turn by another member.
51. Energy from resources such as wind power, solar energy or biomass.
53. A shrub or small tree that grows in coastal saline or brackish water.
54. A large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV).
55. Liquid wastes from communities, which may be a mixture of domestic effluent from homes and liquid waste from industry.
56. An international agreement signed in Japan in 1997, attached to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change.
57. An organism that breaks down, organic material such as the remains of dead organisms.
59. These filters are capable of removing 99.9% of all unwanted sub-micron particles from the air.

Down

1. World’s smallest flowering plant. Found all over the planet, this bright green oval plant is about the size of a grain of rice.
2. Organic waste material produced by the decomposition of dead plants and animals.
3. Air pollution consisting of smoke and fog, which occurs in large urban and industrial areas.
4. A colourless, odourless gas resulting from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. It interferes with the blood's ability to carry oxygen to the body's tissues
5. A furnace that is designed to burn waste at very high temperatures under controlled conditions and is licensed by national regulatory authorities.
7. The slow aging process during which a lake, estuary, or bay evolves into a bog or marsh and eventually disappears.
10. Waterman of India
13. The area occupied by a community or species (group of animals or plants), such as a forest floor, desert or sea shore.
14. Unpredictable, devastating events like earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, cyclones etc. which can be and can cause irreparable damage of life and property.
17. The process by which a chemical is reduced to a less complex form.
18. Earth Summit (Portuguese: ECO92), was a major United Nations conference held in …………. from 3 to 14 June in 1992.
20. A species seriously at risk of extinction.
22. Height above sea level.
25. Any substance that can cause or contribute to the production of cancer.
26. Sharing a car to a destination to reduce fuel use, pollution and travel costs.
29. World’s second most polluted city of 2019 (According to globalresidenceindex.com).
32. Chemicals used in manufacturing and, in the past, in aerosol cans and refrigerators, which can damage the ozone layer.
33. A geologic period spanning 199.6 - 145.5 million years ago.
35. Biggest, highest and tallest dam of India build on this river.
37. The area where two adjacent ecosystems transition, i.e, woodlands transition to meadow.
38. An instrument that measures atmospheric pressure.
41. Earth's southernmost continent.
42. Heaviest insect in the world.
46. A fungus that grows co-dependently with algae.
47. Largest Lakes in India.
49. The science, art, and practice of managing and using trees, forests, and their associated resources for human benefit.
52. The wearing away of land or soil by the action of wind, water, or ice.
58. The weather in some location averaged over a period of time.

Across

2. This Prime Minister (1930-1935) alienated many Canadians with his authoritative and domineering approach
3. The construction of ‘this bridge’ was to provide access to the expensive British Properties north of Burrard inlet far removed from the visible poverty and suffering in downtown Vancouver
6. This group was highly discriminated against and expected to ‘live off the land’ as the government took land from reserves limiting access to resources.
14. Canada’s ultimate reliance on forestry and agriculture was a weakness because we had a …
15. William Aberhart the charismatic leader of the Social Credit Party was nicknamed ‘this’
16. Canada tried to protect its economy by imposing these taxes on imported goods
18. Given a huge demand in the 1920s, Canada overproduced its forest products, especially paper production for printing these …
19. The 1930s saw a rise in anti-semitism or hostility towards ‘this group’ which included employment discrimination and barring from certain organizations
21. During the 1920s Canadian farms overproduced this cash crop used in making bread and pasta
22. William Lyon Mackenzie King said “It is what we ____________________ rather than what we do that counts most in government.”
23. A major cause of the Great Depression for Canada is that we had limited trade partners given that we were moving away from our trade relationship with Britain and doing most of our trade with ‘this country’.
24. RB Bennett was a millionaire bachelor who occupied an entire floor at ‘this ritzy hotel’. Many thought was out of touch with the struggles of ordinary Canadians
30. This was the president of the United States who implemented the New Deal.
31. This 1835 rail trip from Vancouver to Ottawa (stopped in Regina) aimed to protest the conditions of employment at relief camps
32. This is a system of using tariffs to raise the price of imported goods in order to protect domestic producers
33. Under ‘this economic plan’ the U.S.A. spent billions of dollars trying to get the economy working again.
35. ‘This economists’ theory of investing money to kick-start a depressed economy was adopted by the USA and Canada when we implemented the New Deal
39. The Rowell-Sirois Report recommended that the federal government give the poorer provinces grants or _______________________ to ensure that every province was able to offer citizens the same level of services.
40. Peaceful protests occurred in Vancouver where 1600 protesters occupied areas such as the main post office, the Georgia Hotel and the steps of ‘this famous building’
41. This type of downturn in the economy is less severe than a depression
42. A ‘major riot’ that took place when the police attempted to clear On-to-Ottawa trekkers from a stadium in Saskatchewan was called the …

Down

1. This Quebec political party had support of the Catholic Church and was led by the outspoken Maurice Duplessis
4. Looking to Fig. 4-4 page 92 in your textbook, ‘this province’ was hit the hardest during the Great Depression
5. These were government relief payments given to those who didn’t have alternative sources of income similar to the Employment Insurance we have today
7. This area of the Canadian prairies was the hardest hit during the Great Depression given the environmental disasters that decimated crops
8. This theory implies that the more scarce something is the more the demand and the higher the value
9. This was the leader of the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation in 1933
10. This Prime Minister (1921-1930)(1935-1948) was notoriously dull and ambiguous often criticized for his lack-luster speeches and uninspiring public persona
11. After his death it was revealed that Mackenzie King regularly held seances where he communicated with his deceased _________________ and former Prime Minister Sir Wilfrid Laurier.
12. Translated from ‘let it be’ this is an economic condition where the government does not interfere with industry
13. By 1933, jobless and homeless young men resorted to ‘doing this’ as a means of traveling around and looking for work in small shantytowns
17. In British Columbia ‘this Liberal premier’ was elected in 1933 investing in public works such as the construction of the Pattullo bridge
20. This is a long period of economic and social hardship, massive unemployment and suffering
25. This political party appealed to prairie farmers who saw a basic dividend of $25 a month to buy necessities
26. Social prejudice and immigration policies of the time meant that ‘this group’ did not qualify for relief payments and many were starving
27. These crop-eating-critters descended on the prairies in massive swarms even stalling trains, busses and clogging car radiators
28. The inability of Germany to pay out $30 billion as a result of the conditions of ‘this treaty’ caused a domino effect of debt world-wide
29. Pages 98 and 99 of your textbook look at the stories of ‘this group’ which suffered in a much more desperate way than men did.
34. This is a period of extreme dryness marked by very little rain, devastating heat and windstorms
36. This First Nations reserve was not consulted or compensated when its land was developed and transferred over to the company building the Lions Gate Bridge
37. During tough economic times ‘these groups’ of new Canadians were treated with a lot of discrimination and by 1935 more than 28 000 were deported
38. RB Bennett’s relief camps employed young men for ‘this much money per day’ -less than a cup of coffee. More than 170 000 Canadians spent time in these camps.

Across

3. A way to measure the average economic output for each person in a country. It is calculated by dividing the total GDP of the country by its population. This number helps show how much money, on average, each person contributes to the economy.
7. Jobs that involve taking raw materials and turning them into finished products Examples: manufacturing, construction,and processing. Workers in factories may assemble cars.
8. An economy that combines the features of a market and command economy.
10. Something that is found in nature that people use to meet their needs. These resources are not made by humans but are taken from the Earth to be used for things like food, energy, or materials.
14. a regularly used navigable route for large water vessels on wide waterways such as oceans, large lakes. They are typically safe and provide direct routes to popular ports.
16. A disagreement between two or more countries, states, or regions about where their borders are located.
17. Are natural resources that cannot be replaced or regenerated quickly once they are used up. These resources take millions of years to form, so once they are gone, they are gone. Examples: coal, oil, and natural gas.
18. Are jobs that provide a service to people and businesses. These jobs include things like teaching, healthcare, retail, and hospitality. Workers in this sector help meet the needs of others by offering support, advice, or entertainment.
19. The ways a country or region is split up or organized based on politics, government, or authority. These divisions can happen in different ways, like diving a country into smaller regions, states or provinces, or creating separate political groups with different beliefs or interests.
21. Where goods and services are exchanged without money. Emphasizes on trading and bartering of products and services.
25. Crops that are grown primarily to be sold for money. These crops are grown in large quantities and are sold to markets or businesses.
27. A relationship where people, countries, or groups rely on each other to meet their needs or achieve goals. It means that what happens in one place can affect others, creating connections through trade, culture, or support
28. A tax or fee that a government charges on goods that are Imported (brought into the country from other countries).
29. Refers to the people who work for a company, organization, or country. It’s all about the skills, knowledge, and labor that people provide to help produce goods or offer services.
30. An economy where the government controls the production of goods and services.

Down

1. When politicians or political parties unfairly draw the boundaries of voting districts to benefit themselves or their party. The goal is to create districts that give one group an advantage in elections, even if that does not reflect the true population or voting preferences.
2. Are the tools, machines, buildings, and equipment that are used to produce goods and services. These resources help workers do their jobs more efficiently and make it possible to create products or offer services.
4. Is the study of how people distribute their wealth
5. Developing countries are nations that are still working to improve their economy and quality of life for their citizens. These countries often have lower incomes, less advanced technology, and limited access to education and healthcare. While they may have rich natural resources, they face challenges like poverty, unemployment, and poor infrastructure.
6. A country that does not have any coastline or access to the ocean.Meaning the country is completely surrounded by land.
9. The process of damaging or harming the natural environment, often caused by human activities. This can include things like pollution, deforestation, overfishing, or the destruction of habitats.
11. A natural resource that can be replenished or replaced naturally over time. These resources are not limited because they can be produced or regenerated, often through natural processes. Examples: Sunlight, wind, and water.
12. A payment or financial support given by the government to help a person, business, or industry. The goal is usually to make certain goods or services cheaper or more affordable, or to encourage certain activities, like farming.
13. Are nations with advanced economies and high standards of living for their citizens. These countries typically have strong infrastructure, good healthcare, and access to education. People in these countries usually earn higher incomes and enjoy a better quality of life compared to those in developing countries
15. A type of agriculture where farmers grow crops and raise animals mainly to sell them for a profit. Farmers use advanced techniques and equipment to increase their production and make their farming more efficient.
20. Jobs that deal directly with resources at the bottom or first level. Examples include farming, fishing, mining, and forestry. Primary jobs involve collecting raw materials, like timber for immediate use to make a final product that you buy at the store.
22. Are things that are limited or in short supply, meaning there is not enough of them to satisfy everyone’s needs or wants.
23. A type of agriculture where farmers grow enough food to feed themselves and their families. Typically, not growing enough to sell. With this type of agriculture people are relying on their crops and livestock for survival.
24. The total value of all goods and services produced in a country during a specific time, usually a year. It measures how well a country’s economy is doing.This is an important way to compare the economic performance of different countries.
26. an economy that involves businesses competing against each other for consumer demand. Also known as capitalism.

Across

2. An anti-attitude that challenges getting missionaries into cities.
5. The common aspect that results in one of the most effective ways to communicate the gospel through E1 evangelism.
6. High issue that often causes missionaries to avoid cities.
7. Jesus said the end will come only after witnessing to all of these, so this reminds me what to watch for and work toward in the fulfillment of God's Kingdom coming.
10. Needed in mother tongues because paraphrases in a second language are inadequate and inaccurate.
11. William Carey might be remembered as a pioneer in this area, because he was the father of print technology in India.
13. Descriptor of the missionary task to establish viable indigenous church planting movement, so as not to be distracted by lesser goals that may delay or distract.
16. The Greek word that refers to ethinicities, languages, and extended families consituting the peoples of the earth in order to understand what is meant by nations.
17. The kind of servant William Carey might be remembered as, because he was not allowed to enter British India because the East India Company was against proselytizing Hindus.
18. How William Carey might be remembered, because he was the founder of the Agri-Horticultural Society in the 1820's.
22. How William Carey might be remembered, because he was the first man in India to write essays on forestry.
24. A way to engage in a missionary activity immediately by petitioning for the specific inhabitants of cities by making a list of cities, the people that inhabit those cities, and the specific needs of the people in those cities.
26. The kind of reformer William Carey might be remembered as, because he revived the ancient idea that ethic and mroality were inseparable from religion.
28. The revival, mirroring that of the same name in Europe, that William Carey might be thought of as the father of for India.
30. How William Carey might be remembered, because he introduced the study of astronomy as a way combat astrology and superstitions.
31. Missions that are in their final era reminds me that we live in an exciting time.
33. These churches help address the fact that people in another culture are often considered traitors for perceived rejection of family, community, and country.
35. Abbreviation for the bulk of individuals who live within the Muslim, Ethno-Religious, Hindu, and Buddhist blocs helps to remember who are still hidden.
36. How William Carey might be remembered, because Careya herbacea was named after him, one of three varieties of eucalyptus found only in India.
38. A very practical issue for urban missionaries in coping with social inequities and economic differences.
39. How William Carey might be remembered, because he introduced the idea of savings banks to India.
40. Remembered at Thanksgiving, and should be remembered as a description of people today, because wherever people are in place and time, the gospel offers them a home.
42. God's dominion that reminds me that the LORD's prayer is a prayer for God's purpose to be fulfilled whereby His name is glorified to all nations, and His will is done on earth as it is in heaven.

Down

1. Churches that need to be nutured, because they work pramatically and are rooted in the doctrine of creation.
3. An approach to people group thinking, pertaining particularly to cultures and affinities, that helps to sum up the task at hand.
4. An approach that helps to understand how to mobililize and prepare.
8. The kind of humanitarisn William Carey might be remembered as, because he led the campaign for humane treatment of leprosy patients.
9. William Carey might be remembered as a pioneer of this lending concept in India.
12. How William Carey might be remembered, because he was the first Englishman to introduce the steam engine to India.
14. Master different models of urban ministry in order to know how to pray and get involved.
15. An approach that defines the maximim sized group sufficiently unified to be the target of a single people movement to Christ, as this confers both advantages and cautions beyond the other three approaches.
19. Cultural focus to be affirmed because, as The Lord of the Rings suggests, "God's victory on Earth (or Middle-Earth) is incomplete unless and until the victory fills the 'small places."
20. An approach that helps with understanding preliminary evangelism steps to take in a pioneer mission field.
21. How William Carey might be remembered with regard to women's rights, because he was the first man to stand against widespread murders and oppression of women.
23. Common name for ethnic, racial, and other differences that calls for missionaries who enjoy being near many dissimilar people.
24. Religious philosophy, describing those that reject all religion or regard all religions as equally true, is often something with which missionaries to cities must contend.
25. Like Dora, delve into a particular city, because drilling down and gaining more knowledge about a city leads to understanding ways to advance Christ's Kingdom in particular neighborhoods.
27. Intangled in a way that leads to gaining valuable experience and testing my gifts for ministry.
29. How William Carey might be remembered, because he was the first to publish great Indian classics like Ramayana and Samkhya into English.
32. One out of a number of people on the planet that is a practicing Christian reminds me that amazing progress has been made, but there is work yet to be done.
34. How William Carey might be remembered, because he taught and began dozens of schools for Indian children of all castes.
37. Location of the new frontier of Christian missions, because many of the unreached have migrated from rural areas.
41. Necessary, like a plant, for my own spritual development and to develop a heart for missions.

Across

4. William Carey might be remembered as a pioneer in this area, because he was the father of print technology in India.
8. Location of the new frontier of Christian missions, because many of the unreached have migrated from rural areas.
10. Churches that need to be nutured, because they work pramatically and are rooted in the doctrine of creation.
11. Abbreviation for the bulk of individuals who live within the Muslim, Ethno-Religious, Hindu, and Buddhist blocs helps to remember who are still hidden.
13. Necessary, like a plant, for my own spritual development and to develop a heart for missions.
15. Needed in mother tongues because paraphrases in a second language are inadequate and inaccurate.
16. How William Carey might be remembered, because he was the first man in India to write essays on forestry.
19. How William Carey might be remembered, because he was the founder of the Agri-Horticultural Society in the 1820's.
23. God's dominion that reminds me that the LORD's prayer is a prayer for God's purpose to be fulfilled whereby His name is glorified to all nations, and His will is done on earth as it is in heaven.
24. The Greek word that refers to ethinicities, languages, and extended families consituting the peoples of the earth in order to understand what is meant by nations.
29. William Carey might be remembered as a pioneer of this lending concept in India.
30. The revival, mirroring that of the same name in Europe, that William Carey might be thought of as the father of for India.
31. A way to engage in a missionary activity immediately by petitioning for the specific inhabitants of cities by making a list of cities, the people that inhabit those cities, and the specific needs of the people in those cities.
32. Religious philosophy, describing those that reject all religion or regard all religions as equally true, is often something with which missionaries to cities must contend.
33. An approach that defines the maximim sized group sufficiently unified to be the target of a single people movement to Christ, as this confers both advantages and cautions beyond the other three approaches.
35. An approach that helps with understanding preliminary evangelism steps to take in a pioneer mission field.
37. Descriptor of the missionary task to establish viable indigenous church planting movement, so as not to be distracted by lesser goals that may delay or distract.
39. How William Carey might be remembered, because Careya herbacea was named after him, one of three varieties of eucalyptus found only in India.
40. Missions that are in their final era reminds me that we live in an exciting time.
42. How William Carey might be remembered with regard to women's rights, because he was the first man to stand against widespread murders and oppression of women.
43. High issue that often causes missionaries to avoid cities.

Down

1. An approach to people group thinking, pertaining particularly to cultures and affinities, that helps to sum up the task at hand.
2. The kind of humanitarisn William Carey might be remembered as, because he led the campaign for humane treatment of leprosy patients.
3. The common aspect that results in one of the most effective ways to communicate the gospel through E1 evangelism.
5. Common name for ethnic, racial, and other differences that calls for missionaries who enjoy being near many dissimilar people.
6. Remembered at Thanksgiving, and should be remembered as a description of people today, because wherever people are in place and time, the gospel offers them a home.
7. Like Dora, delve into a particular city, because drilling down and gaining more knowledge about a city leads to understanding ways to advance Christ's Kingdom in particular neighborhoods.
9. How William Carey might be remembered, because he taught and began dozens of schools for Indian children of all castes.
12. How William Carey might be remembered, because he introduced the idea of savings banks to India.
14. An approach that helps to understand how to mobililize and prepare.
17. How William Carey might be remembered, because he was the first to publish great Indian classics like Ramayana and Samkhya into English.
18. Jesus said the end will come only after witnessing to all of these, so this reminds me what to watch for and work toward in the fulfillment of God's Kingdom coming.
20. How William Carey might be remembered, because he was the first Englishman to introduce the steam engine to India.
21. The kind of reformer William Carey might be remembered as, because he revived the ancient idea that ethic and mroality were inseparable from religion.
22. The kind of servant William Carey might be remembered as, because he was not allowed to enter British India because the East India Company was against proselytizing Hindus.
25. Cultural focus to be affirmed because, as The Lord of the Rings suggests, "God's victory on Earth (or Middle-Earth) is incomplete unless and until the victory fills the 'small places."
26. An anti-attitude that challenges getting missionaries into cities.
27. Intangled in a way that leads to gaining valuable experience and testing my gifts for ministry.
28. How William Carey might be remembered, because he introduced the study of astronomy as a way combat astrology and superstitions.
34. These churches help address the fact that people in another culture are often considered traitors for perceived rejection of family, community, and country.
36. A very practical issue for urban missionaries in coping with social inequities and economic differences.
38. Master different models of urban ministry in order to know how to pray and get involved.
41. One out of a number of people on the planet that is a practicing Christian reminds me that amazing progress has been made, but there is work yet to be done.

Across

3. The north-south lines that separate townships (Unit 1, ?)
7. a subset of the tertiary sector, it includes service jobs concerned with administration, and processing and disseminating information (Unit 6, ?)
8. pastoral practice of seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pasture lands (Unit 5, ?)
10. Sector-A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land (Unit 5, CC)
12. A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that black families will soon move into the neighborhood. (Unit 7, CC)
13. The downtown or nucleus of a city where retail stores, offices, and cultural activities are concentrated; building densities are usually quite high; and transportation systems converge. This area has a large influence over its surrounding areas and holds economic power. (Unit 7, Important)
14. The process by which an individual is compelled to leave their home due to an adversity that is usually natural and out of their control, such as the Dust Bowl or economic struggles. (Unit 2, CC)
15. the fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a common national or cultural tradition. (Unit 4, CC)
19. a large body of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a particular country or territory. (Unit 4, CC)
20. Process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power. (Unit 4, ?)
22. German economic geographer who developed a model for the location of secondary industries in his Theory of the Location of Industries, published in 1909. He influenced the layouts of future cities. (Unit 6, Important)
24. An individual forced to leave his or her home due to an internal conflict in their country but remains within their country’s borders. (Unit 2, ?)
26. The geographic study of human-environment relationships (Unit 1, ?)
27. The process in which a minority group adapts and changes to a dominant culture but still retains some of their own cultural distinctiveness. (Unit 3, CC)
28. insurance companies, etc., refuse or limit loans, mortgages, insurance, etc., within specific geographic areas, especially inner-city neighborhoods. (Unit 7, CC)
30. satisfy the needs of the urban residents themselves (Unit 7,
31. The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for subsistence or economic gain. This concept allowed for settlements to establish and jobs to specialize, as there became more than enough food available. (Unit 5, Important)
35. The process in which a minority group loses its culture to a dominant culture (Unit 3, CC))

Down

1. The number of people under the age of 15 and over the age of 64 compared to the number of people partaking in the labor force. (Unit 2, ?)
2. The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and a low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, a low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population. This process is portrayed by a commonly recognized model. This concept is important to understand as many countries have either already transitioned into the developed stages of the model, are striving to enter development, or are struggling to develop and remain in the lower stages of the model. (Unit 2, Importnat))
4. A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality (Unit 4, ?)
5. The beliefs, behaviors, and characteristics of a particular group (Unit 3, Important))
6. Economic activity involving the processing of raw materials and their transformation into finished industrial products. (Unit 5, ?)
9. The expansion of economic, political, and cultural processes to the point that they become global in scale and impact; this process is inevitable and continues to occur as the exchange of goods, services, information, and cultures becomes easier around the globe. (Unit 1, Important))
11. Using capitalism, globalization and/or cultural imperialism to influence a developing or weaker country instead of the previous colonial methods of direct military control or indirect political control (Unit 3, ?)
16. The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry (Unit 5, CC)
17. the zone of greatest concentration or homogeneity of the culture traits that characterize a region. This area holds a massive influence over its surrounding area in economic, political, and social aspects. (Unit 4, Important)
18. The process by which an individual is enforced to leave their home due to conflict, often violent and between authorities. (Unit 2, CC)
21. the total value of all goods and services produced within a country during a given year. (Unit 6, CC)
23. government-designated areas in China where foreign investment is allowed and capitalistic ventures are encouraged (Unit 6, ?)
25. an established language that comes to be spoken and understood between people who do not share a common language. For example, most of the nations around the world recognize English as a ___________. (Unit 3, ?)
29. the outer most zone of the Concentric Zone Model that represents people who choose to live in residential suburbia and take a daily commute in the CBD to work. (Unit 7, ?)
32. The physical characteristics of a place (Unit 1, CC)
33. The locational importance of a place relative to other places (Unit 1, CC)
34. the total value of all goods and services produced by a country's economy in a year (Unit 6, CC)

Across

2. Approximate measurement of the physical space between two places (idk)- unit 1
4. A situation where a dominant social or cultural group takes an expression, idea, or product from an oppressed cultural group and uses it for its own benefit. This term spreads more social inequality and racism. Sadly it's more popular now than ever, especially among celebrities. (VIT)- unit 3
6. Where a large number of businesses are located. This term is used in multiple sector models and helps show urban planning of cities. (VIT)- unit 5
9. The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. (cc)- unit 2
12. A process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the boundaries. (idk)- unit 6
13. Seeks to encourage local community development and sustainable growth in an urban area. The term is used to affect the environment positively in the future, and for people to lead a cleaner, healthier life. (VIT)- unit 6
15. A state where laws are administered uniformly by one central government. (cc)- unit 4
17. Where the settlement is in relation to other settlements and the features of the surrounding area. (cc)- unit 1
18. The process through which people lose originally differentiating traits, such as dress, speech particularities or mannerisms, when they come into contact with another society or culture. (cc)- unit 3
21. The processes of change in artifacts, customs, and beliefs that result from the contact of a minority culture and two or more other cultures. (cc)- unit 3
22. a more flexible set of production practices in which the components of goods are made in different places around the globe and then brought together is needed to meet market demand-brings places closer together in time and space. (idk)-unit 7
23. Burning a portion of forest so that the soil there can be used for agricultural purposes. (cc)- unit 5
24. A period of rapid development of industry that started in Great Britain in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. This term was the cause of the growth in factories as well as the mass production of goods. (VIT)- unit 7
25. The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry. (cc)- unit 7
28. The study of death rates or the actual ability of an individual to die. (cc)- unit 2
29. A large cluster of Megacities that have a population of greater than 20 million people. (cc)- unit 6
30. Large pools of water, either natural or manmade, that provide a source of water for people in a specific geographic area. (idk)- unit 5
31. The homogenizing impact on local culture and economics caused by increased interaction between geographically distinct regions. This term increases cultural exchanges between countries and also increases the amount of cross-trade services, goods, technology, ideas, etc… (VIT)- unit 1
32. The portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials. (cc)- unit 7
33. The seasonal movement of livestock (herding) between mountains and lowland pastures. (idk)- unit 5
34. Describes changing population patterns in terms of fertility, life expectancy, mortality, and leading causes of death. (idk)-unit 2
35. A country where governmental authority is shared among a central government and various other smaller, regional authorities. (cc)- unit 4

Down

1. A ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area. (idk)- unit 6
3. A form of mass production in which each worker is assigned one specific task to perform repeatedly. (idk)- unit 7
5. Forceful extension of a nation's authority by conquest or by establishing economic and political domination of other nations that aren't its colonies. (idk)-unit 4
7. Organization comprising multiple member countries with shared objectives and cooperation in political, economic, and/or sociocultural spheres. This term is important because it is affecting countries today, an example of this would be the EU . (VIT)- unit 4
8. A division of a branch that unites a number of local congregations in a single legal and administrative body. (idk)-unit 3
10. The composite or generally prevailing weather conditions of a region, as temperature, air pressure, humidity, precipitation, sunshine, cloudiness, and winds, throughout the year, averaged over a series of years. This is an important term due to the fact that it affects our lifestyles, food, clothes, culture, and even our health. (VIT)- unit 2
11. Directions based on people's surroundings and perception. (idk)-unit 1
14. A political movement that is strongly tied to nationalism. (idk)-unit 4
16. The exact location of a city, you can find it on a map. (cc)- unit 1
19. The idea that ethical and moral standards should be formulated and adhered to for life on Earth, not to accommodate the prescriptions of deity and promise of a comfortable afterlife. (idk)-unit 3
20. A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to the other; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period. (cc)- unit 5
26. A very large city, typically one with a population of over ten million people. (cc)- unit 6
27. Types of push or pull factors that influence a migrant's decision to go where family or friends have already found success. (idk)-unit 2

Across

2. The youth dependency ratio is a measure of the young dependents (age 0 – 14) in a population, people younger than the age of 15 in relation to the working–age population (15 - 64 years old) as a ratio.
5. refers to the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system.
8. The rate at which the population replaces itself from one generation to the next (excluding migration).
9. The study of how and why populations change in size and how they can be managed.
10. The number of children, per 1000 live births, that die under the age of five in a population in a year.
11. The number of deaths per thousand people in the population, per year.
16. The dependency ratio is the measure of the dependents (non-working) portion of the population (age groups 0-14 and 65+) compared to the total independent (working) portion of the population ( 15 - 64 years). The ratio is expressed as the number of dependents per hundred people in the workforce.
18. The difference between the number of people entering a country (immigration) and the number of people leaving a country (emigration).
19. Where a family or people produce sufficient food for themselves, they do not have extra produce to sell.
21. 15-49 years old
22. species that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the food, habitat, water, and other necessities available in the environment.
23. The way in which the population is spread out across a given area.
27. These are factors that are causing people to leave an area. They may include factors such as war, drought, floods or the lack of housing, food, education, jobs or a poor standard of living.
31. hypothesized that unchecked population growth would quickly exceed carrying capacity, leading to overpopulation and social problems (famine/war).
35. To estimate the number of years for a population to double, take the number 70 and divide it by the growth rate of the population.
39. To leave one community or area in order to settle in another area.
41. The average age that a new-born child is expected to live to.
43. Land or a climate that has little or no rainfall. It is too dry to support vegetation.
44. People migrating into a country
45. A policy that discourages human reproduction.
46. The number of live births per 1000 women (age 15–49) in the population, per year.
47. A population with a high percentage of old people (aged 65 years or older).
48. The change in the size of a population due to birth rates, death rates and net migration rates.
49. Industry that converts raw materials such as farming or mining products into products for sale. The manufacturing industry.

Down

1. People migrating out of a country.
3. The total dependency ratio is a measure of both the young (age 0 – 14 years) and old dependents (age 65 and older) added together to show their number versus the independent population (15 - 64 year olds). The ratio is expressed as the total number of dependents (young and old) per hundred people in the workforce.
4. (TFR) the average number of children a woman would have assuming that current age-specific birth rates remain constant throughout her childbearing years.
6. industry such as mining, agriculture, fishing or forestry that is harvesting raw materials.
7. The old dependency ratio is the number of old dependents (age 65+) in a population, people older than 64 in relation to the working-age population (15 - 64 years old) as a ratio. The ratio is expressed as the total number of old dependents per hundred people in the workforce.
12. hypothesized that food production can & will increase to match the needs of the population; improved farming methods & new technologies enable this to happen.
13. equals the CBR – CDR.
14. The number of males and females within different age groups in a given population.
15. A policy that promotes human reproduction.
17. When water soaks into soils, removing the minerals and nutrients and reducing their ability to support plant life.
18. The change in the size of a population due to birth and death rates.
20. (CBR) the number of live births occurring among the population of a given geographical area during a given year
24. The branch of medical care dealing with children and childhood diseases.
25. The number of live births per thousand people in the population, per year. Also known as the crude birth rate as it does not take age or gender into account.
26. is a graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population (typically that of a country or region of the world), which forms the shape of a pyramid when the population is growing.
28. A medical procedure used to make a person unable to have children.
29. The number of people living in a square kilometre (or other unit of area).
30. A population with a high percentage of young people (15 years or younger).
32. The movement of peoples from one place in the world to another.
33. based on averages; the number of years that someone is expected to live from a specific starting point; it changes as one grows older, and faces different risks.
34. The average number of children born alive to a woman in her lifetime.
36. The difference between the birth rates and death rates, and the change in numbers due to migration, in a population.
37. of a biological species in an environment is the maximum population size of
38. The number of infant deaths for every 1000 live births, of children under the age of one.
40. The difference between the birth rates and death rates in a population; natural increase differs from overallincrease.
42. To move into an area or region in order to settle down and live.

Across

4. The sequence of processes involved in the production and distribution of a commodity.
6. At higher prices, sellers will supply more of an economic good.
8. A monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced by a country
9. A business going beyond the law to have a positive impact on society and reduce the negative impact on the environment.
14. Specific objectives related to the financial position of the business, such as profit or surplus, sales, and market share.
16. The ownership of a fraction of a corporation
17. This sector is made up of all bodies in national, state, and local governments. They receive taxation revenue from households and businesses. • They spend this money on public goods and services, such as roads, parks, schools, and hospitals.
19. A a deceptive scheme or trick used to cheat someone out of something, especially money.
20. The quantity of goods and services that producers are willing to offer for sale.
22. Something that will be used further along the production chain, such as flour made from wheat.
25. Unlimited number of shareholders & shares sold on the stock exchange.
31. Where a person uses information that is not yet available to the public to gain an advantage for themselves in the trading of financial products.
32. The economic problem of having unlimited needs and wants, but limited resources that can be used to achieve them.
33. An amount of money borrowed by one party from another.
34. A good or service that is desired, but which is not necessary for survival or to meet the basic standard of living in a community.
37. A forecast of projected income and expenses for a given period.
38. Tangible (physical) items that can be seen and touched and which satisfy individual and societal needs and wants.
41. A person or a group that is the final user of goods and services produced within an economy.
45. When the consumer obtains the finished product or service, such as retail.
46. These are currencies only available in a digital or electronic form, and not in the physical form
49. 2-50 shareholders only & shares can only be traded with the permission of other shareholders.
52. A good or service that consumers consider necessary to maintain their standard of living.
53. The percentage of people in the labour force who are unemployed
54. This sector is made up of banks and other financial institutions in the economy. They receive savings from households and businesses. They help households and businesses invest by lending them money.

Down

1. Resources that come from nature, from above or below the ground. These can include coal, fish, wood etc.
2. The use of raw materials. Includes farming, forestry, fishing, and mining.
3. Goods or services sold by one country to another country with the aim of extending sales and market penetration.
5. An advantage that a business holds over others in its industry, sector, or location.
7. The quantity of a good, or a service, that consumers are willing and able to purchase at a particular point in time.
10. A business owned and operated by one person.
11. Intellectual or physical skills of a worker that are needed to make a good or provide a service. This can include a store manager, bricklayer or nurse.
12. The value of the next best alternative that is foregone whenever a choice is made.
13. An arrangement by which a company provides a guarantee of compensation for specified loss, damage, illness, or death in return for payment.
15. At higher prices, buyers will demand less of an economic good.
18. Expenses that represent those daily spending decisions like eating at a restaurant and drinking Starbucks.
20. Specific objectives related to the wellbeing of the community and or the environment.
21. When people choose between alternatives and use their scarce resources for those items that best satisfy their wants.
23. Consumer rights such as your right to a repair, replacement, or refund as well as compensation and being able to cancel a faulty service.
24. When products produced in the primary stage are made into various intermediate goods and finished goods.
26. This sector is made up of all businesses in the economy. They produce output (goods and services), which they sell to consumers and receive revenue. They may borrow money from, or save money with, the financial sector. They pay taxes to the Government.
27. The rate at which prices increase over time, resulting in a fall in the purchasing value of money.
28. A sum of money paid regularly by a company to its shareholders out of its profits.
29. An individual, group or organisation that has a vested interest in a business.
30. Putting money aside to spend at a later date.
35. Expenses that cost the same amount each month. These bills cannot easily be changed and are usually paid on a regular basis.
36. The total personal income minus personal current taxes.
39. All activities undertaken for the purpose of the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services in a region or country.
40. An unincorporated business structure with a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 20 owners.
42. Regular payments (9.5%) made into a fund by an employee towards a future pension.
43. Manmade resources such as machinery, buildings, roads, and bridges that are used to produce and transport the goods and services we purchase.
44. This sector is made up of individuals in the economy. They provide their time and skills to firms in exchange for income. They are consumers who buy goods and services from Firms. They may borrow from, or save money with, the financial sector. They pay taxes to the Government.
47. A good that is ready to be sold to its final consumer, such as a chocolate bar.
48. Individuals and businesses involved in the production of goods and services.
50. An individual who starts or takes over control of a business or independent organisation, often employing initiative, innovation and risk-taking.
51. Goods and services that are produced overseas and sold to Australian consumers.

Across

3. Core area of a region, where most (social, economic or other) activity takes place. (7 IDK)
5. Area of a country that has a degree of freedom from an external authority. (4 CC)
6. The cultivation, processing, and sale of fruits, nuts, vegetables, ornamental plants, and flowers as well as many additional services. (5 IDK)
7. The population density measured as the number of people per unit area of land. (2 IDK)
10. The science and art of cultivating plants and livestock. This unit is based of rural land use and the growth of livestock and plants so this is the most important term in the section. (5 VIT)
12. Set of research and technology transfer initiatives occurring between 1950 and the late 1960s, that increased agricultural production worldwide, particularly in the developing world, beginning most markedly in the late 1960s. (5 IDK)
13. Provides a definite reference to locate a place. The reference can be latitude and longitude, a street address, or even the Township and Range system. (1 CC)
14. A map in which some thematic mapping variable – such as travel time, population, or GNP – is substituted for land area or distance. The geometry or space of the map is distorted, sometimes extremely, in order to convey the information of this alternate variable. (1 IDK)
15. The expansion of economic, political, and cultural processes to the point that they become global in scale and impact. It's an important term because it demonstrates the influence of different groups of people and ideas across varying areas, and this unit focuses on mapping and the location and placement of people.(1 VIT)
16. Statistic composite index of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. (6 CC)
18. Process by which ideas are rapidly spread through a population, rather than needing to be carried to places by people (3 CC)
22. Displaced person who has been forced to cross national boundaries and who cannot return home safely. (2 CC)
23. Based on historical population trends of two demographic characteristics – birth rate and death rate – to suggest that a country's total population growth rate cycles through stages as that country develops economically. I think this is the most important topic in the unit because the entire unit is basically based off the model and the information taken from the model. (2 VIT)
26. Population shift from rural areas to urban areas, the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas, and the ways in which each society adapts to this change. The unit surrounds this term entirely covering the issues and characteristics of cities. (7 VIT)
27. The behaviors and belied characteristics of a particular group. The entire unit is solely based on this terms patterns in humans and their space, therefore it is the most important term in this section. (3 VIT)
29. process by which an economy is transformed from primarily agricultural to one based on the manufacturing of goods. This term is the foundation for the entire unit, because the unit is based on the development of our economy. (6 VIT)
31. Policy or ideology of extending a nation's rule over foreign nations, often by military force or by gaining political and economic control of other areas. (3 IDK)
32. Practice intended to establish a political advantage for a particular party or group by manipulating district boundaries. (4 IDK)
33. Full right and power of a governing body over itself, without any interference from outside sources or bodies. (4 CC)
34. Patterns of discrimination that affect a person's ability to rent or buy housing. This can lead to spatial inequality and racial segregation, which, in turn, can exacerbate wealth disparities between certain groups. (7 CC)
35. Agreement in which one company hires another company to be responsible for a planned or existing activity that is or could be done internally, and sometimes involves transferring employees and assets from one firm to another. (6 IDK)

Down

1. Any place where certain related changes in land-use appeared due to human domestication of plants and animals. (3 IDK)
2. Total domestic and foreign output claimed by residents of a country, consisting of gross domestic product, plus factor incomes earned by foreign residents, minus income earned in the domestic economy by nonresidents. (6 IDK)
4. Systematic denial of various services to residents of specific, often racially associated, neighborhoods or communities, either directly or through the selective raising of prices. (7 CC)
8. Someone who is forced to flee his or her home but who remains within his or her country's borders. (2 CC)
9. When innovations spread to new places while staying strong in their original locations. (3 CC)
11. Describes the human and physical characteristics of a location. (1 CC)
17. Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition. (2 IDK)
19. Fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city, or other area, including the services and facilities necessary for its economy to function. (7 IDK)
20. Measures inequality between men and women, the higher the score the higher the inequality between the genders. (6 CC)
21. A branch of geography that focuses on people, dealing with how human activity affects or is influenced by the earth's surface. (1 IDK)
24. Establishments primarily engaged in growing crops, raising animals, and harvesting fish and other animals from a farm, ranch, or their natural habitats. (5 CC)
25. Any industry involved in the extraction and collection of natural resources; such as farming, forestry, mining, and fishing. (5 CC)
28. Designed to show governmental boundaries of countries, states, and counties, the location of major cities, and they usually include significant bodies of water. Since this unit is about politics and how they affect our space, the organization of them is the most important topic in this section. (4 VIT)
30. Process of drawing electoral district boundaries in the United States. (4 IDK)

Across

4. The process involving people leaving a country to go and live in another country e.g. Exiting a country
5. A long term change in birth rates and death rates that can be plotted on a graph (model)
7. The average age that people can expect to live to in a certain population
8. A high number of people in a small area
13. A person born during the period of the WW2 baby boom e.g. 1945 - 1960 when there was a dramatic increase in the birth rate
14. People putting a high regard on material goods e.g. houses, cars, overseas holidays
15. The Maori term for migration
16. A description of how people are spread in an area i.e. the distribution pattern of people in a region or country
19. The number of babies born per thousand people in a population per year
20. When the population grows because there are more births than deaths. It is a rate/000.
21. spiral Growth of a region due to more people spending money and investing in it
23. The difference between the number of emigrants and the number of immigrants
24. Around the outside or edge e.g. the outskirts of a city
28. The journey from a person's home to their place of work
30. The act of taking medication either orally or by injection to protect a person against disease
32. Looking after things today so that they will last into the future
35. The cultural and racial group a person belongs to
37. In the countryside
47. Factors that make it more difficult for a migrant to move from their home to their new destination e.g. language
48. from small villages to large cities, usually refers to cities and towns
49. The movement of skilled, professional people who are educated in one country and who then move to another for work e.g. Young people moving from New Zealand to Australia
51. Where something or someone has come from
55. Factors that were made or modified by people (as compared to natural)
57. The proportion of people in the population who rely on others to provide their basic needs (food, shelter, clothing) e.g. children and the elderly. This is usual expressed as a ratio of dependent people to working people
59. Economic decline due to less money circulating in a region
60. Buying and renovating houses in run down urban neighborhoods by wealthier families or individuals, thus improving property values but often displacing low-income families and small businesses
61. A sudden dramatic rise in the number of people in a population
62. Reasons that make a person want to leave a place
63. The use of machinery on a farm e.g. the introduction of a new milking shed that reduces the need for workers

Down

1. The number of people per square kilometre
2. Migration in small changes rather than one big one. It usually means movement from village to small town, then to a larger town, and then to a city
3. The number of infants under the age of 5 who die per 1000 infants born in a year
6. A triangular shaped graph showing the number or proportion of men and women in different age groups
9. The movement of people from South to North in New Zealand especially from the South Island to the North Island
10. The process involving people coming into a country to live
11. The spread of a city outwards on to rural areas as the population of the city grows eg Botany
12. When a population continues to increase despite reduced birth rates e.g. China in the 1980's and 1990's
17. All communications and services that enable an area to function e.g. roads, water, electricity and sewerage
18. Reasons that attract a person to that place
22. The place a person is travelling to
25. A process when smaller farms are joined together to make larger more profitable farms. Also applies to factories.
26. A survey that counts the number of people present in a region or country on a particular day
27. The part of the economy that produces raw materials e.g. farming, fishing, forestry and mining
29. Subdividing large older properties and putting an additional house(s) on the property
31. The part of the economy that provides services to the other sectors of the economy e.g. insurance, banking, education
33. The movement of people from one area to another to live
34. Well spread out e.g. an area with few people in it
36. An area of space defined by a particular characteristic e.g. location (West Coast) or relief (Southern Alps)
38. The number of people who die per thousand people in a population per year
39. Zero Population Growth is when the birth rate is lower than or the same as the death rate.
40. A city gradually spreading out into rural areas as new suburbs are added at the edge of a city e.g. Dannemora
41. The distribution of natural and/or cultural features on the earth's surface. The way features are arranged or set out.
42. The proportion of males to females in a population
43. The part of the economy that turns raw materials into finished products, manufacturing e.g. factory turns wool into carpet
44. A large city that dominates a region
45. Differences in shape and height of the land e.g. mountains, plains, hills, plateaux
46. Movement of people within a country to live somewhere different
50. A type of map where dots are used to show the numbers of things in a certain area e.g. a dot may represent 1000 people
52. Factors that were not made or modified by people (as compared to cultural). Eg rivers, soil, mountains.
53. The Maori term for settlement
54. An operation to prevent a man or woman from having children
56. the increase in the percentage of the population living in urban areas. Due to natural increase and migration.
58. A type of map where areas are shaded from light to dark to show increasing values

Across

3. a long and narrow casing filled with seeds that grows on some specific plants, such as beans, peas, carob trees, catalpa trees…
5. a forestry process where diseased or lower quality trees are cut to give other trees more room to grow successfully.
7. a spike of flowers with no petals, as on the willow.
8. the section of a tree, from the base of the trunk to the first branch.
11. the third layer of vascular tissue. It is made up of thick-walled cells that, like phloem, transport sap from the roots to the crown. It represents the young wood of the tree and is light in color. As its cells age, they become inactive and turn into the tree's heartwood.
12. the removal or cutting back of twigs or branches, sometimes applied to twigs or small branches only, but often used to describe most activities involving the cutting of trees or shrubs.
14. these rays radiate out from the center of the tree, and serve in lateral conduction and as food storage areas. They are most visible in a cross-sectional view of the tree trunk.
15. a pine tree's leaf that is thin and hard
17. the process of felling most or all trees in an often large area. It typically leads to open land where just tree stumps and tree remains are left behind.
21. the core of the trunk and the primary source of nourishment for the young plant. Also known as medulla, it constitutes a soft, porous tissue within the stems of vascular plants.
22. these typically extend horizontally or upward from the trunk. Large ones are known as boughs and smaller ones as twigs. They support foliage growth.
23. the small, reproductive units of a tree.
26. fire the knowledgeable and controlled application of fire to a specific area to accomplish planned resource management objectives. These fires are managed in such a way as to minimize the emission of smoke and maximize the benefits to the site.
29. (of trees, shrubs, etc.) having green leaves throughout the entire year, the leaves of the past season not being shed until after the new foliage has been completely formed.
32. small branches or divisions of branches.
34. the removal of the tree canopy, back to the stem or primary branches. It may involve the removal of the entire canopy in one operation, or may be phased over several years.
35. (biology) the process of producing plant seeds by transferring a powdery substance from one plant to the other
36. smaller leaf units which together form a compound leaf.
38. a layer of vegetation beneath the main canopy of woodland or forest or plants forming this.
39. the underground part of a tree that anchors it to the ground and absorbs water and nutrients.

Down

1. a new growth on a tree or plant or the part of a plant that starts to appear above the ground because it is growing
2. hard, rigid extensions or modifications of leaves, roots, stems, or buds with sharp, stiff ends, and generally serve the same function: physically defending plants against herbivory.
4. the hard, cement-like constituent of wood cells
6. a broad term encompassing leaves, including needles on pines and scale-like materials on junipers. It is often green.
7. the top of the tree.
9. term used to describe all broadleaved trees. These tree species are deciduous. Despite the term, some of them such as the aspens, have wood that is relatively soft.
10. a visible pattern of smoke resulting from emissions from a stack, flue, or chimney.
11. a standing dead tree or part of a dead tree from which at least the smaller branches have fallen.
13. the reproductive structures of conifer trees, producing seeds.
16. the uppermost part of the forest floor consisting of freshly fallen or slightly decomposed organic materials.
18. the green, flat structures on branches where photosynthesis occurs.
19. the densest, heaviest part of the trunk, often the darkest in color. It primarily provides strength and support to the tree. Moreover, it is essential in tree physiology, as it serves as a storehouse for sugars and oils.
20. the protective outer layer of a tree’s trunk and branches.
22. small, undeveloped shoots that can grow into branches or flowers.
24. the thick, central stem of a tree that supports branches and leaves.
25. (of trees and shrubs) shedding all leaves annually at the end of the growing season and then having a dormant period without leaves
27. an outer growth layer that creates both sapwood and phloem, which, in turn, increases the tree's thickness. In climates with distinct seasons, the tree adds a new layer each growing season. This expansion of the girth of the trunk (and branches) produces annual rings that can be interpreted by coring or felling to determine the tree's age.
28. also called shrub, a small-to-medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, they have persistent woody stems above the ground. They can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees by their multiple stems and shorter height.
30. a collective term that refers to stands of vegetation dominated by shrubby, woody plants, or low-growing trees, usually of a type undesirable for livestock or timber management.
31. the next layer after the cambium tissue and before the bark. Its purpose is to move sap that has been transformed from leaf photosynthesis and contains sugar around the tree and back down to the roots.
33. an unplanned fire - including unauthorized human-caused fires - occurring on forest or range lands, burning forest vegetation, grass, brush, scrub, peat lands, or a prescribed fire set under regulation which spreads beyond the area authorized for burning.
37. fuel a type of fuel that provides vertical continuity between strata, thereby allowing fire to carry from surface fuels into the crowns of trees or shrubs with relative ease. They help initiate and assure the continuation of crowning.
40. the base of a tree remaining after it has been cut or fallen.

Across

3. school - a publicly funded independent school established by teachers, parents, or community groups under the terms of a charter with a local or national authority.
5. - A system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.
6. Elite - a small group of people who control a disproportionate amount of power, wealth, and privilege and access to decision-makers in a political system.
7. - A family consisting of a couple and their children from this and all previous relationships.
11. Education - Any form of education or teaching that incorporates the histories, texts, values, beliefs, and perspectives of people from different cultural backgrounds.
12. - A government or the holding of power by people selected on the basis of their ability.
13. - A couple and their dependent children, regarded as a basic social unit.
14. - A formal organizations, typically created through acquisitions or mergers and serve to diversify risk.
16. system - a system of production, resource allocation and distribution of goods and services within a society or a given geographic area.
20. - a market structure where a few, large firms control most of the market.
21. Corporation - a business that is legally independent from its members.
24. Model - a way of organizing people so there are clear reporting relationships from the top to the bottom of the organizational chart.
25. - the concept that the state alone has the right to use or authorize the use of physical force.
26. - a concept whose development is most often associated with the German sociologist Max Weber who saw it as a particular form of power
27. Economic System - a market system of resource allocation, commerce, and trade in which free markets coexist with government intervention.
29. - an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.
32. System - a plan in which each school-age child receives a publicly funded entitlement worth a fixed amount of money with which his or her parents can select a participating public or private school.
35. Curriculum - learning that is synthesized across traditional subject areas and learning experiences that are designed to be mutually reinforcing.
38. - an egalitarian form of government in which all the citizens of a nation determine public policy, the laws, and the actions of their state together.
42. - to bring to or make of an established standard size, weight, quality, strength, or the like
43. - A system of society or government ruled by a woman or women.
45. Sector - a wide range of activities from commerce to administration, transport, financial and real estate activities, business and personal services, education, health and social work.
48. modeling - A branch of the modeling industry that features models who do not conform to mainstream ideals of beauty.
49. - A government ruled by a typically hereditary head of state either as a figurehead or absolute leader.
51. - relating to or believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.
52. Learning - the process of breaking a classroom of students into small groups so they can discover a new concept together and help each other learn.

Down

1. Model - an egalitarian form of government in which all the citizens of a nation determine public policy, the laws, and the actions of their state together, requiring that all citizens have an equal opportunity to express their opinion.
2. Desegregation - to end by law the separation of members of different races desegregate schools.
3. Tier - An occupational structure composed of a large firms dominating their industries.
4. Sector - A part of the economy that transforms the raw materials into goods for sale or consumption.
8. equality - every student should have the same access to a high quality education regardless of where they come from.
9. Directorates - the linkage between corporations that result when an individual serves on the board of directors of two companies
10. - a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.
15. - A family that extends beyond the nuclear family, including grandparents, aunts, uncles, and other relatives, who all live nearby or in one household.
17. Corporations - any corporation that is registered and operates in more than one country at a time.
18. schooling - the structured education system that runs from primary (and in some countries from nursery) school to university, and includes specialised programmes for vocational, technical and professional training.
19. market - an unregulated system of economic exchange, in which taxes, quality controls, quotas, tariffs, and other forms of centralized economic interventions by government either do not exist or are minimal.
22. - an activity in which one engages.
23. - A type of government in which one individual or a small group has authority over the government or people of a country or State.
28. Profit School - a college owned and operated by a private company or business.
30. - A system of society or government in which the father or eldest male is head of the family and descent is traced through the male line.
31. Function - any function of an institution or other social phenomenon that is planned and intentional.
33. Classroom - an approach to elementary education that emphasizes spacious classrooms where learning is informally structured, flexible, and individualized.
34. - an entity or individual's ability to control or direct others, while authority is influence that is predicated on perceived legitimacy.
36. - A system of centralized government in which the State has total authority over society and manipulates all aspects of culture including the arts, in order to control the private lives and morality of its citizens.
37. - a society, system of government, or organization that has different groups that keep their identities while existing with other groups or a more dominant group.
39. - despotic power exercised by a small and privileged group for corrupt or selfish purposes.
40. education - educational programs intended to make up for experiences (such as cultural experiences) lacked by disadvantaged children.
41. Sector - An economy includes any industry involved in the extraction and production of raw materials, such as farming, logging, hunting, fishing, forestry and mining.
44. schools a public school offering special instruction and programs not available elsewhere, designed to attract a more diverse student body from throughout a school district.
46. Tier - an occupational structure composed of smaller, less profitable firms.
47. Function - any function of an institution or other social phenomenon that is unintentional and often unrecognized.
50. Corporations - a corporation the ownership of which is held through publicly traded securities, and that is incorporated under, and subject to, the laws of a national, state, or territorial government.

Across

3. Index The index designed by the United Nations to measure the basic contentment of people living in a particular country. Prior to the HDI, a country's worth used to be measured by how much money it accrued to However, governments began to realize there were more factors involved in a country's .
5. After World War II, many Western countries could no longer afford to manage and rule over the countries they had colonized in the past. They were also receiving pressure from two emerging superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, who opposed colonization. Over the next few decades, European powers removed themselves .
6. often looks and sounds different from American movies, as they tend to focus less on reality and more on melodrama. This is expressed through intricate dances and music. When India gained its independence from Great Britain.
10. There is small and close together, and populations are not large. When urbanization began towns grew larger, and some grew large enough that they came to be called cities.
12. The cultural elements, such as customs, ideas, and religions, from one group to another. Academics believe there are three basic ways that cultures spread from one place or group to another. The first way is direct contact. Two societies that live near each other may have direct contact through trade.
13. The minimally regulated free-market and laissez-faire systems where state activity is restricted to providing public goods and services and safeguarding private to interventionist forms where the government plays an active role in correcting market failures and promoting social welfare.
16. The development and therefore a relatively low standard of living.
19. The duty or customs duty, is a tax that is placed on imported goods when they enter a country. Tariffs are usually collected to help domestic industries. When a tariff is placed on an imported good, it often raises the price of that good for consumers, making them more likely to buy a similar good that has been produced domestically.
21. The secondary sector includes manufacturing activities, which may be referred to as secondary production. Turning iron ore into steel, producing textiles, and assembling automobiles are examples of secondary production. All of these activities transform raw materials into goods.
23. The total value of goods and services sold during a period of time, usually a year in other words, they have a high overall income. Because of this the income per capita, or total income in relation to the population, tends to be higher in developed countries. So an industrialized country tends to make more money, which usually means that most people in the country have enough.
25. The Immigration policy is called the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). The INA allows the United States to grant up to 675,000 permanent immigrant visas each year across various visa categories. On top of those 675,000 visas, the INA sets no limit on the annual admission of U.S. citizens’ spouses, parents, and children under the age of 21.
26. The people's quality of life based on the goods and services that are available to them. Factors that determine people's standard of living include whether they have housing and food, as well as access to education, transportation, utilities, and health care. A high rate of literacy is also considered.
27. The exchange rates are more stable than if there were many different currencies. However, there are some disadvantages as well. The different countries have varying amounts of public debt and governmental regulations.

Down

1. Enables the co-operation of leading oil-producing countries, in order to collectively influence the global market and maximize profit. Founded on 14 September 1960 in Baghdad by the first five members (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela), it has, since 1965, been headquartered in Vienna, Austria, although Austria is not an OPEC.
2. The interdependence of nations and peoples across the globe. Business and trade, culture and fashion, social and political movements.
4. This is the foundation or framework of a system, organization, or location. It is often classified as either “hard” or “soft.” Hard infrastructure includes railroads, bridges, water systems, subway systems, and telecommunications. Soft infrastructure is human capital.
7. Direct use of natural resources. It includes agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, and other industries based on what a country has available in its own territory .
8. Government has little involvement in these decisions, though both businesses and consumers rely on laws to ensure fair practices. A market economy is both decentralized and flexible.
9. The permanent place to live. Many animal species migrate, including species of fish, crustaceans, amphibians, reptiles, insects, and mammals. These animals might journey by land, sea, or air to reach their destination, often crossing vast distances and in large numbers.
11. The United States and its North American neighbors, Canada and Mexico, for the purpose of the pact was to make trade between the three nations easier by eliminating some tariffs and reducing others.
14. The economic dependence on oil because much of the world's oil comes from Middle Eastern countries. If the Middle East decided to drastically raise the price of oil, the United States would have limited options. This would be highly expensive and dangerous to the economy.
15. The practice of protecting a country’s local business or industry. This can be done through government policies such as limiting what is imported from other countries and placing tariffs (or taxes) on goods that enter the country . The idea behind protectionism is that when goods that come from other countries are limited.
17. The determining the proportion of total product used for investment rather than consumption becomes a centrally made political decision. After this decision has been made, the central planners work out the assortment of goods to be produced and the quotas for each enterprise. Consumers may influence the planners’ decisions indirectly if the planners take.
18. countries often have a low gross domestic product (GDP), which is the total value of goods and services.
20. The economic policy in which a nation does not try to limit imports or exports by enacting tariffs or subsidies. Tariffs are taxes on imports; subsidies are taxes on exports. A country that practices free trade might still put some limits, such as quotas, on imported or exported items.
22. The economic sanctions as a diplomatic tool. Because trade restrictions often are costly for a country’s economy, sanctions can be used to encourage governments to change a certain behavior or policy. For example, during the Cold War, the United States placed an embargo, which is a type of economy.
24. Economic sectors traditionally, some economists today acknowledge an additional sector: the quaternary sector. The quaternary sector includes intellectual activities, such as those related to scientific research, information technology, education, and libraries. Within the quaternary sector is a branch called the quinary sector.

Across

2. is a type of investment that represents an ownership share in a company; an equity investment that represents part ownership in a corporation and entitles you to part of that corporation's earnings and assets; dividends are given quarterly normally. Common stock gives shareholders voting rights but no guarantee of dividend payments. Preferred stocks provide no voting rights but usually guarantee a dividend payment.
5. organ systems by which humans reproduce and bear live offspring.
9. is the fraudulent practice of sending emails purporting to be from reputable companies in order to induce individuals to reveal personal information, such as passwords and credit card numbers.
11. a non-essential item that one desires
13. consists of a married couple and their biological child or children. A child in a traditional nuclear family lives with both biological parents, if siblings are present, only full brothers and sisters; a couple and their dependent children, are regarded as a basic social unit.
15. a person's principles or standards of behavior; one's judgment of what is important in life; Important and lasting beliefs or ideals shared by the members of a culture about what is good or bad and desirable or undesirable. (They have a major influence on a person's behavior and attitude and serve as broad guidelines in all situations.)
16. the process of planning and exercising conscious control of time spent on specific activities, especially to increase effectiveness, efficiency, and productivity. It involves a juggling act of various demands upon a person relating to work, social life, family, hobbies, personal interests, and commitments with the finiteness of time.
19. (DOE)is responsible for advancing the energy, environmental, and nuclear security of the United States; promoting scientific and technological innovation in support of that mission; sponsoring basic research in the physical sciences; and ensuring the environmental cleanup of the nation’s nuclear weapons complex.
21. is a table that appears in credit card agreements showing basic information about the card's rates and fees.
23. Team dynamics are the unconscious, psychological forces that influence the direction of a team's behavior and performance. ... Team dynamics are created by the nature of the team's work, the personalities within the team, their working relationships with other people, and the environment in which the team works.
25. are involuntary fees levied on individuals or corporations and enforced by a government entity—whether local, regional, or national—in order to finance government activities.
26. is one-way communication where the receiver doesn't provide feedback or ask questions and may or may not understand the sender's message.
28. includes responses that demonstrate that you understand what the other person is trying to tell you about his or her experience.
29. is an interest-bearing bank account that offers a higher interest rate than regular savings account because it's tied to interest rates in money markets; safe, low-return investment for the average person establishing savings.
30. the loss of potential gain from other alternatives when one alternative is chosen; represent the benefits an individual, investor or business misses out on when choosing one alternative over another

Down

1. (SFT) is a type of family therapy that looks at the structure of a family unit and improves the interactions between family members. By addressing how members of the family relate to one another, the goal is to improve communication and relationships to create positive changes for both individual family members and the family unit as a whole.
3. the intended audience or readership of a publication, advertisement, or other messages
4. Renting: You pay less upfront and will never own. (Fewer home maintenance duties and costs, easier to move, looser credit requirements, and lower upfront costs) ... Owning: reaps more financial rewards than renting the longer you plan to stay in your home, stable monthly payments, but requires a large down payment and closing costs. The overall cost of homeownership tends to be higher than the overall cost of renting...
6. A support system is made up of individual people who provide support, respect, and care. These are people who are in your corner. They do not judge you or ridicule you. They provide feedback that is genuine and in your best interest
7. the federal executive department responsible for developing and executing federal laws related to farming, forestry, rural economic development, and food
8. The "mean" is the "average" you're used to, where you add up all the numbers and then divide by the number of numbers. The "median" is the "middle" value in the list of numbers. ... If no number in the list is repeated, then there is no mode for the list.
10. group of research subjects whose characteristics approximate those of the population it is selected from.
12. Supply pertains to how much the producers of a product or service are willing to produce and can provide to the market with a limited amount of resources available. Demand refers to how much of that product, item, commodity, or service consumers are willing and able to purchase at a particular price. (DEMAND PULL Inflation)
14. identification of and labeling of items for sale with the retail price per unit, permitting easier price comparisons among similar products in different sized containers
17. personal attributes that enable someone to interact effectively and harmoniously with other people
18. is an investor's ability to psychologically endure the potential of losing money on an investment.
20. as with marketing to customers, capable of being physically or emotionally moved, companies will use it to increase their sales (Ex. it may be more effective to target vulnerable consumers because it can ensure larger sales by targeting these consumers to buy the products they are selling).
22. a form of investment (illegal in the US and elsewhere)in which each paying participant recruits two further participants, with returns being given to early participants using money contributed by later ones.
24. is a belief that work and diligence have a moral benefit and an inherent ability, virtue, or value to strengthen character and individual abilities. It is a set of values-centered on the importance of work and manifested by determination or desire to work hard.
27. - is a type of loan that is obtained to support a temporary personal or business capital; a type of credit, it involves a borrowed capital amount and interest that needs to be returned or paid back at a given due date, which is usually within a year from getting the loan.

Across

2. is a type of investment that represents an ownership share in a company; an equity investment that represents part ownership in a corporation and entitles you to part of that corporation's earnings and assets; dividends are given quarterly normally. Common stock gives shareholders voting rights but no guarantee of dividend payments. Preferred stocks provide no voting rights but usually guarantee a dividend payment.
5. organ systems by which humans reproduce and bear live offspring.
9. is the fraudulent practice of sending emails purporting to be from reputable companies in order to induce individuals to reveal personal information, such as passwords and credit card numbers.
11. a non-essential item that one desires
13. consists of a married couple and their biological child or children. A child in a traditional nuclear family lives with both biological parents, if siblings are present, only full brothers and sisters; a couple and their dependent children, are regarded as a basic social unit.
15. a person's principles or standards of behavior; one's judgment of what is important in life; Important and lasting beliefs or ideals shared by the members of a culture about what is good or bad and desirable or undesirable. (They have a major influence on a person's behavior and attitude and serve as broad guidelines in all situations.)
16. the process of planning and exercising conscious control of time spent on specific activities, especially to increase effectiveness, efficiency, and productivity. It involves a juggling act of various demands upon a person relating to work, social life, family, hobbies, personal interests, and commitments with the finiteness of time.
19. (DOE)is responsible for advancing the energy, environmental, and nuclear security of the United States; promoting scientific and technological innovation in support of that mission; sponsoring basic research in the physical sciences; and ensuring the environmental cleanup of the nation’s nuclear weapons complex.
21. is a table that appears in credit card agreements showing basic information about the card's rates and fees.
23. Team dynamics are the unconscious, psychological forces that influence the direction of a team's behavior and performance. ... Team dynamics are created by the nature of the team's work, the personalities within the team, their working relationships with other people, and the environment in which the team works.
25. are involuntary fees levied on individuals or corporations and enforced by a government entity—whether local, regional, or national—in order to finance government activities.
26. is one-way communication where the receiver doesn't provide feedback or ask questions and may or may not understand the sender's message.
28. includes responses that demonstrate that you understand what the other person is trying to tell you about his or her experience.
29. is an interest-bearing bank account that offers a higher interest rate than regular savings account because it's tied to interest rates in money markets; safe, low-return investment for the average person establishing savings.
30. the loss of potential gain from other alternatives when one alternative is chosen; represent the benefits an individual, investor or business misses out on when choosing one alternative over another

Down

1. (SFT) is a type of family therapy that looks at the structure of a family unit and improves the interactions between family members. By addressing how members of the family relate to one another, the goal is to improve communication and relationships to create positive changes for both individual family members and the family unit as a whole.
3. the intended audience or readership of a publication, advertisement, or other messages
4. Renting: You pay less upfront and will never own. (Fewer home maintenance duties and costs, easier to move, looser credit requirements, and lower upfront costs) ... Owning: reaps more financial rewards than renting the longer you plan to stay in your home, stable monthly payments, but requires a large down payment and closing costs. The overall cost of homeownership tends to be higher than the overall cost of renting...
6. A support system is made up of individual people who provide support, respect, and care. These are people who are in your corner. They do not judge you or ridicule you. They provide feedback that is genuine and in your best interest
7. the federal executive department responsible for developing and executing federal laws related to farming, forestry, rural economic development, and food
8. The "mean" is the "average" you're used to, where you add up all the numbers and then divide by the number of numbers. The "median" is the "middle" value in the list of numbers. ... If no number in the list is repeated, then there is no mode for the list.
10. group of research subjects whose characteristics approximate those of the population it is selected from.
12. Supply pertains to how much the producers of a product or service are willing to produce and can provide to the market with a limited amount of resources available. Demand refers to how much of that product, item, commodity, or service consumers are willing and able to purchase at a particular price. (DEMAND PULL Inflation)
14. identification of and labeling of items for sale with the retail price per unit, permitting easier price comparisons among similar products in different sized containers
17. personal attributes that enable someone to interact effectively and harmoniously with other people
18. is an investor's ability to psychologically endure the potential of losing money on an investment.
20. as with marketing to customers, capable of being physically or emotionally moved, companies will use it to increase their sales (Ex. it may be more effective to target vulnerable consumers because it can ensure larger sales by targeting these consumers to buy the products they are selling).
22. a form of investment (illegal in the US and elsewhere)in which each paying participant recruits two further participants, with returns being given to early participants using money contributed by later ones.
24. is a belief that work and diligence have a moral benefit and an inherent ability, virtue, or value to strengthen character and individual abilities. It is a set of values-centered on the importance of work and manifested by determination or desire to work hard.
27. - is a type of loan that is obtained to support a temporary personal or business capital; a type of credit, it involves a borrowed capital amount and interest that needs to be returned or paid back at a given due date, which is usually within a year from getting the loan.

Across

2. is a type of investment that represents an ownership share in a company; an equity investment that represents part ownership in a corporation and entitles you to part of that corporation's earnings and assets; dividends are given quarterly normally. Common stock gives shareholders voting rights but no guarantee of dividend payments. Preferred stocks provide no voting rights but usually guarantee a dividend payment.
5. organ systems by which humans reproduce and bear live offspring.
9. is the fraudulent practice of sending emails purporting to be from reputable companies in order to induce individuals to reveal personal information, such as passwords and credit card numbers.
11. a non-essential item that one desires
13. consists of a married couple and their biological child or children. A child in a traditional nuclear family lives with both biological parents, if siblings are present, only full brothers and sisters; a couple and their dependent children, are regarded as a basic social unit.
15. a person's principles or standards of behavior; one's judgment of what is important in life; Important and lasting beliefs or ideals shared by the members of a culture about what is good or bad and desirable or undesirable. (They have a major influence on a person's behavior and attitude and serve as broad guidelines in all situations.)
16. the process of planning and exercising conscious control of time spent on specific activities, especially to increase effectiveness, efficiency, and productivity. It involves a juggling act of various demands upon a person relating to work, social life, family, hobbies, personal interests, and commitments with the finiteness of time.
19. (DOE)is responsible for advancing the energy, environmental, and nuclear security of the United States; promoting scientific and technological innovation in support of that mission; sponsoring basic research in the physical sciences; and ensuring the environmental cleanup of the nation’s nuclear weapons complex.
21. is a table that appears in credit card agreements showing basic information about the card's rates and fees.
23. Team dynamics are the unconscious, psychological forces that influence the direction of a team's behavior and performance. ... Team dynamics are created by the nature of the team's work, the personalities within the team, their working relationships with other people, and the environment in which the team works.
25. are involuntary fees levied on individuals or corporations and enforced by a government entity—whether local, regional, or national—in order to finance government activities.
26. is one-way communication where the receiver doesn't provide feedback or ask questions and may or may not understand the sender's message.
28. includes responses that demonstrate that you understand what the other person is trying to tell you about his or her experience.
29. is an interest-bearing bank account that offers a higher interest rate than regular savings account because it's tied to interest rates in money markets; safe, low-return investment for the average person establishing savings.
30. the loss of potential gain from other alternatives when one alternative is chosen; represent the benefits an individual, investor or business misses out on when choosing one alternative over another

Down

1. (SFT) is a type of family therapy that looks at the structure of a family unit and improves the interactions between family members. By addressing how members of the family relate to one another, the goal is to improve communication and relationships to create positive changes for both individual family members and the family unit as a whole.
3. the intended audience or readership of a publication, advertisement, or other messages
4. Renting: You pay less upfront and will never own. (Fewer home maintenance duties and costs, easier to move, looser credit requirements, and lower upfront costs) ... Owning: reaps more financial rewards than renting the longer you plan to stay in your home, stable monthly payments, but requires a large down payment and closing costs. The overall cost of homeownership tends to be higher than the overall cost of renting...
6. A support system is made up of individual people who provide support, respect, and care. These are people who are in your corner. They do not judge you or ridicule you. They provide feedback that is genuine and in your best interest
7. the federal executive department responsible for developing and executing federal laws related to farming, forestry, rural economic development, and food
8. The "mean" is the "average" you're used to, where you add up all the numbers and then divide by the number of numbers. The "median" is the "middle" value in the list of numbers. ... If no number in the list is repeated, then there is no mode for the list.
10. group of research subjects whose characteristics approximate those of the population it is selected from.
12. Supply pertains to how much the producers of a product or service are willing to produce and can provide to the market with a limited amount of resources available. Demand refers to how much of that product, item, commodity, or service consumers are willing and able to purchase at a particular price. (DEMAND PULL Inflation)
14. identification of and labeling of items for sale with the retail price per unit, permitting easier price comparisons among similar products in different sized containers
17. personal attributes that enable someone to interact effectively and harmoniously with other people
18. is an investor's ability to psychologically endure the potential of losing money on an investment.
20. as with marketing to customers, capable of being physically or emotionally moved, companies will use it to increase their sales (Ex. it may be more effective to target vulnerable consumers because it can ensure larger sales by targeting these consumers to buy the products they are selling).
22. a form of investment (illegal in the US and elsewhere)in which each paying participant recruits two further participants, with returns being given to early participants using money contributed by later ones.
24. is a belief that work and diligence have a moral benefit and an inherent ability, virtue, or value to strengthen character and individual abilities. It is a set of values-centered on the importance of work and manifested by determination or desire to work hard.
27. - is a type of loan that is obtained to support a temporary personal or business capital; a type of credit, it involves a borrowed capital amount and interest that needs to be returned or paid back at a given due date, which is usually within a year from getting the loan.

Across

1. a unit of land equal to 4,850 square yards-
3. a destructive insect that attacks crops, livestock, etc
4. the uppermost trees or branches of the trees in a forest, forming a more or less continuous layer of foliage.
7. species an organism that has a negative effect on our economy,environment and health
14. an alley in a formal garden or park bordered by trees or bushes
17. A chemical or natural substance added to soil or land to increase its fertility.
18. Ring Wood in plants, consisting of two concentric layers, one of spring wood and one of summer wood.
19. of, relating to, or derived from living matter.
20. a monocotyledon.
21. to cut down an entire area of trees or plants
24. Regeneration The renewal of a forest crop by sowing, planting or other artificial methods
25. a green plant that grows on the ground in short stems
27. A house, especially a farmhouse, and outbuildings.
29. a young plant, especially one raised from seed and not from a cutting.
30. a flowering plant with an embryo that bears 2 seed leaves. (cotyledons)
32. Framework on which the trunk and branches of fruit trees or shrubs are trained to grow.
33. The top & high part of a hill.
34. to replant trees on a land denuded bycutting or fire
35. (in gardening) young pliable growth on shrubs and other plants from which cuttings can be taken.
37. used as a method for clearing forest or land
40. Forest woodland of a usually rather mild climatic area within the temperate zone that receives heavy rainfall, usually includes numerous kinds of trees, and is distinguished from a tropical rain forest especially by the presence of a dominant tree
41. a source that humans and animals eat to survive
42. A community of organisms that all live in the same environment.
46. a large open area covered with grass
47. Species a species at risk of exctinction because of human activity, changes of climate, changes in predator prey ratios,etc. especially when officially designated as such by a governmental or international agency.
51. Rotation an action or system of rotating crops
52. an inert carbohydrate, (C 6 H 10 O 5) n, the chief constituent of the cellwalls of plants and of wood, cotton, hemp, paper, etc.
54. a large naturally occuring of flora and fauna occupying a major habit
55. a process by which the earth is worn down by wind, cattle, action of water and more.
56. a protuberance in the tissue of a plant; an excrescence on a stem,branch, or root; a node or joint in a stem, especially when of swollenform.
57. rushlike or grasslike plant of the genus Carex, growing in wet places
59. to collect crops that you grow
62. an agricultural implement used for cutting, lifting, turning over, and partly pulverizing soil.
64. any place of rural peace or simplicity
65. Loading Fuel Loading or fuel volume is reported in tons of fuel available per acre. The higher the fuel loading, the more heat that will be produced during a fire
66. domestic fowl, such as chickens, turkeys, ducks, and geese.
68. An archway in a gaden or park consiting of a framework covered with trained climbing .
70. the outer protective wood on a tree
71. A piece of land planted with fruit trees.
72. A cluster or group trees
73. a cold treeless usually lowland of far northern regions

Down

2. a highly viscous (very thick liquid) substance
5. Forest Primary forests are forests of native tree species and there no human activity.
6. the hard central wood of a trunk of an exogenous tree
8. a way of cultivating land or property
9. a certain chemical thats kills pests
10. Bearing foliage throughout the year;continually shedding and replacing leaves
11. the part of a vascular bundle consisting of sieve tubes, companion cells,parenchyma, and fibers and forming the food-conducting tissue of aplant.
12. a cave or cavern.
13. The process by which organic substances are broken down into a much simpler form of matter.
14. the division of land
15. exhibiting different colours espescially odd patches or streaks
16. a plant that has seeds unprotected by an ovary or fruit.
22. A house, especially a farmhouse, and outbuildings.
23. a metric unit of square measure 100 ares, or 10,000
26. NO ANSWER1
27. The background of which one comes from, or any sort of inherited property or goods
28. the action or process of inheriting a title, office, property, etc.
31. modification any alteration of genetic material, as in agriculture, to make them capable ofproducing new substances or performing new functions; also called genetic engineering, genetic manipulation, gene splicing, [ gene technology ],recombinant DNA technology
36. A building or architectural feature of a building.
38. falling off or shed at a particular season, stage of growth, etc., asleaves, horns, or teeth
39. The variety of different types of life found on earth. It is a measure of the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems.
41. The science of planting and caring for trees
43. Forest a forest or woodland area which has re grown after a major disturbance such as fire, insect infestation, timber harvest or windthrow
44. to feed on growing grass and pasturage, as do cattle, sheep, etc.
45. The leaves of a plant
48. species aniamls that are either endemic or found only whithin a particular region
49. the action or process of draining something.
50. the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and their physical surroundings
53. architect Person who is educated in the field of landscape architecture.
58. any cold-blooded vertbre of the class amphibia,comprising frogs and toads,newts and salamnders,and caecilians, the larvae being typically aquatic,breathing by gills,and the adults being semiterrestrial,breathing by lungs and througbh the moist, glandular skin.
60. a tissue in plants that runs water and dissolves nutrients from the roots and helps form the "woody" element in the stem
61. a structure used to see the surrounding area and mostly used for entertainment and relaxing
63. A long flexible string that's made from two different strands.
67. a celular rlant tissue
69. Capacity the maximum, equilibrium number of organisms of a particular speciesthat can be supported indefinitely in a given environment.

Across

3. Index The index designed by the United Nations to measure the basic contentment of people living in a particular country. Prior to the HDI, a country's worth used to be measured by how much money it accrued to However, governments began to realize there were more factors involved in a country's .
5. After World War II, many Western countries could no longer afford to manage and rule over the countries they had colonized in the past. They were also receiving pressure from two emerging superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, who opposed colonization. Over the next few decades, European powers removed themselves .
6. often looks and sounds different from American movies, as they tend to focus less on reality and more on melodrama. This is expressed through intricate dances and music. When India gained its independence from Great Britain.
10. There is small and close together, and populations are not large. When urbanization began towns grew larger, and some grew large enough that they came to be called cities.
12. The cultural elements, such as customs, ideas, and religions, from one group to another. Academics believe there are three basic ways that cultures spread from one place or group to another. The first way is direct contact. Two societies that live near each other may have direct contact through trade.
13. The minimally regulated free-market and laissez-faire systems where state activity is restricted to providing public goods and services and safeguarding private to interventionist forms where the government plays an active role in correcting market failures and promoting social welfare.
16. The development and therefore a relatively low standard of living.
19. The duty or customs duty, is a tax that is placed on imported goods when they enter a country. Tariffs are usually collected to help domestic industries. When a tariff is placed on an imported good, it often raises the price of that good for consumers, making them more likely to buy a similar good that has been produced domestically.
21. The secondary sector includes manufacturing activities, which may be referred to as secondary production. Turning iron ore into steel, producing textiles, and assembling automobiles are examples of secondary production. All of these activities transform raw materials into goods.
23. The total value of goods and services sold during a period of time, usually a year in other words, they have a high overall income. Because of this the income per capita, or total income in relation to the population, tends to be higher in developed countries. So an industrialized country tends to make more money, which usually means that most people in the country have enough.
25. The Immigration policy is called the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). The INA allows the United States to grant up to 675,000 permanent immigrant visas each year across various visa categories. On top of those 675,000 visas, the INA sets no limit on the annual admission of U.S. citizens’ spouses, parents, and children under the age of 21.
26. The people's quality of life based on the goods and services that are available to them. Factors that determine people's standard of living include whether they have housing and food, as well as access to education, transportation, utilities, and health care. A high rate of literacy is also considered.
27. The exchange rates are more stable than if there were many different currencies. However, there are some disadvantages as well. The different countries have varying amounts of public debt and governmental regulations.

Down

1. Enables the co-operation of leading oil-producing countries, in order to collectively influence the global market and maximize profit. Founded on 14 September 1960 in Baghdad by the first five members (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela), it has, since 1965, been headquartered in Vienna, Austria, although Austria is not an OPEC.
2. The interdependence of nations and peoples across the globe. Business and trade, culture and fashion, social and political movements.
4. This is the foundation or framework of a system, organization, or location. It is often classified as either “hard” or “soft.” Hard infrastructure includes railroads, bridges, water systems, subway systems, and telecommunications. Soft infrastructure is human capital.
7. Direct use of natural resources. It includes agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, and other industries based on what a country has available in its own territory .
8. Government has little involvement in these decisions, though both businesses and consumers rely on laws to ensure fair practices. A market economy is both decentralized and flexible.
9. The permanent place to live. Many animal species migrate, including species of fish, crustaceans, amphibians, reptiles, insects, and mammals. These animals might journey by land, sea, or air to reach their destination, often crossing vast distances and in large numbers.
11. The United States and its North American neighbors, Canada and Mexico, for the purpose of the pact was to make trade between the three nations easier by eliminating some tariffs and reducing others.
14. The economic dependence on oil because much of the world's oil comes from Middle Eastern countries. If the Middle East decided to drastically raise the price of oil, the United States would have limited options. This would be highly expensive and dangerous to the economy.
15. The practice of protecting a country’s local business or industry. This can be done through government policies such as limiting what is imported from other countries and placing tariffs (or taxes) on goods that enter the country . The idea behind protectionism is that when goods that come from other countries are limited.
17. The determining the proportion of total product used for investment rather than consumption becomes a centrally made political decision. After this decision has been made, the central planners work out the assortment of goods to be produced and the quotas for each enterprise. Consumers may influence the planners’ decisions indirectly if the planners take.
18. countries often have a low gross domestic product (GDP), which is the total value of goods and services.
20. The economic policy in which a nation does not try to limit imports or exports by enacting tariffs or subsidies. Tariffs are taxes on imports; subsidies are taxes on exports. A country that practices free trade might still put some limits, such as quotas, on imported or exported items.
22. The economic sanctions as a diplomatic tool. Because trade restrictions often are costly for a country’s economy, sanctions can be used to encourage governments to change a certain behavior or policy. For example, during the Cold War, the United States placed an embargo, which is a type of economy.
24. Economic sectors traditionally, some economists today acknowledge an additional sector: the quaternary sector. The quaternary sector includes intellectual activities, such as those related to scientific research, information technology, education, and libraries. Within the quaternary sector is a branch called the quinary sector.

Across

3. Index The index designed by the United Nations to measure the basic contentment of people living in a particular country. Prior to the HDI, a country's worth used to be measured by how much money it accrued to However, governments began to realize there were more factors involved in a country's .
5. After World War II, many Western countries could no longer afford to manage and rule over the countries they had colonized in the past. They were also receiving pressure from two emerging superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, who opposed colonization. Over the next few decades, European powers removed themselves .
6. often looks and sounds different from American movies, as they tend to focus less on reality and more on melodrama. This is expressed through intricate dances and music. When India gained its independence from Great Britain.
10. There is small and close together, and populations are not large. When urbanization began towns grew larger, and some grew large enough that they came to be called cities.
12. The cultural elements, such as customs, ideas, and religions, from one group to another. Academics believe there are three basic ways that cultures spread from one place or group to another. The first way is direct contact. Two societies that live near each other may have direct contact through trade.
13. The minimally regulated free-market and laissez-faire systems where state activity is restricted to providing public goods and services and safeguarding private to interventionist forms where the government plays an active role in correcting market failures and promoting social welfare.
16. The development and therefore a relatively low standard of living.
19. The duty or customs duty, is a tax that is placed on imported goods when they enter a country. Tariffs are usually collected to help domestic industries. When a tariff is placed on an imported good, it often raises the price of that good for consumers, making them more likely to buy a similar good that has been produced domestically.
21. The secondary sector includes manufacturing activities, which may be referred to as secondary production. Turning iron ore into steel, producing textiles, and assembling automobiles are examples of secondary production. All of these activities transform raw materials into goods.
23. The total value of goods and services sold during a period of time, usually a year in other words, they have a high overall income. Because of this the income per capita, or total income in relation to the population, tends to be higher in developed countries. So an industrialized country tends to make more money, which usually means that most people in the country have enough.
25. The Immigration policy is called the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). The INA allows the United States to grant up to 675,000 permanent immigrant visas each year across various visa categories. On top of those 675,000 visas, the INA sets no limit on the annual admission of U.S. citizens’ spouses, parents, and children under the age of 21.
26. The people's quality of life based on the goods and services that are available to them. Factors that determine people's standard of living include whether they have housing and food, as well as access to education, transportation, utilities, and health care. A high rate of literacy is also considered.
27. The exchange rates are more stable than if there were many different currencies. However, there are some disadvantages as well. The different countries have varying amounts of public debt and governmental regulations.

Down

1. Enables the co-operation of leading oil-producing countries, in order to collectively influence the global market and maximize profit. Founded on 14 September 1960 in Baghdad by the first five members (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela), it has, since 1965, been headquartered in Vienna, Austria, although Austria is not an OPEC.
2. The interdependence of nations and peoples across the globe. Business and trade, culture and fashion, social and political movements.
4. This is the foundation or framework of a system, organization, or location. It is often classified as either “hard” or “soft.” Hard infrastructure includes railroads, bridges, water systems, subway systems, and telecommunications. Soft infrastructure is human capital.
7. Direct use of natural resources. It includes agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, and other industries based on what a country has available in its own territory .
8. Government has little involvement in these decisions, though both businesses and consumers rely on laws to ensure fair practices. A market economy is both decentralized and flexible.
9. The permanent place to live. Many animal species migrate, including species of fish, crustaceans, amphibians, reptiles, insects, and mammals. These animals might journey by land, sea, or air to reach their destination, often crossing vast distances and in large numbers.
11. The United States and its North American neighbors, Canada and Mexico, for the purpose of the pact was to make trade between the three nations easier by eliminating some tariffs and reducing others.
14. The economic dependence on oil because much of the world's oil comes from Middle Eastern countries. If the Middle East decided to drastically raise the price of oil, the United States would have limited options. This would be highly expensive and dangerous to the economy.
15. The practice of protecting a country’s local business or industry. This can be done through government policies such as limiting what is imported from other countries and placing tariffs (or taxes) on goods that enter the country . The idea behind protectionism is that when goods that come from other countries are limited.
17. The determining the proportion of total product used for investment rather than consumption becomes a centrally made political decision. After this decision has been made, the central planners work out the assortment of goods to be produced and the quotas for each enterprise. Consumers may influence the planners’ decisions indirectly if the planners take.
18. countries often have a low gross domestic product (GDP), which is the total value of goods and services.
20. The economic policy in which a nation does not try to limit imports or exports by enacting tariffs or subsidies. Tariffs are taxes on imports; subsidies are taxes on exports. A country that practices free trade might still put some limits, such as quotas, on imported or exported items.
22. The economic sanctions as a diplomatic tool. Because trade restrictions often are costly for a country’s economy, sanctions can be used to encourage governments to change a certain behavior or policy. For example, during the Cold War, the United States placed an embargo, which is a type of economy.
24. Economic sectors traditionally, some economists today acknowledge an additional sector: the quaternary sector. The quaternary sector includes intellectual activities, such as those related to scientific research, information technology, education, and libraries. Within the quaternary sector is a branch called the quinary sector.

Across

3. Index The index designed by the United Nations to measure the basic contentment of people living in a particular country. Prior to the HDI, a country's worth used to be measured by how much money it accrued to However, governments began to realize there were more factors involved in a country's .
5. After World War II, many Western countries could no longer afford to manage and rule over the countries they had colonized in the past. They were also receiving pressure from two emerging superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, who opposed colonization. Over the next few decades, European powers removed themselves .
6. often looks and sounds different from American movies, as they tend to focus less on reality and more on melodrama. This is expressed through intricate dances and music. When India gained its independence from Great Britain.
10. There is small and close together, and populations are not large. When urbanization began towns grew larger, and some grew large enough that they came to be called cities.
12. The cultural elements, such as customs, ideas, and religions, from one group to another. Academics believe there are three basic ways that cultures spread from one place or group to another. The first way is direct contact. Two societies that live near each other may have direct contact through trade.
13. The minimally regulated free-market and laissez-faire systems where state activity is restricted to providing public goods and services and safeguarding private to interventionist forms where the government plays an active role in correcting market failures and promoting social welfare.
16. The development and therefore a relatively low standard of living.
19. The duty or customs duty, is a tax that is placed on imported goods when they enter a country. Tariffs are usually collected to help domestic industries. When a tariff is placed on an imported good, it often raises the price of that good for consumers, making them more likely to buy a similar good that has been produced domestically.
21. The secondary sector includes manufacturing activities, which may be referred to as secondary production. Turning iron ore into steel, producing textiles, and assembling automobiles are examples of secondary production. All of these activities transform raw materials into goods.
23. The total value of goods and services sold during a period of time, usually a year in other words, they have a high overall income. Because of this the income per capita, or total income in relation to the population, tends to be higher in developed countries. So an industrialized country tends to make more money, which usually means that most people in the country have enough.
25. The Immigration policy is called the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). The INA allows the United States to grant up to 675,000 permanent immigrant visas each year across various visa categories. On top of those 675,000 visas, the INA sets no limit on the annual admission of U.S. citizens’ spouses, parents, and children under the age of 21.
26. The people's quality of life based on the goods and services that are available to them. Factors that determine people's standard of living include whether they have housing and food, as well as access to education, transportation, utilities, and health care. A high rate of literacy is also considered.
27. The exchange rates are more stable than if there were many different currencies. However, there are some disadvantages as well. The different countries have varying amounts of public debt and governmental regulations.

Down

1. Enables the co-operation of leading oil-producing countries, in order to collectively influence the global market and maximize profit. Founded on 14 September 1960 in Baghdad by the first five members (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela), it has, since 1965, been headquartered in Vienna, Austria, although Austria is not an OPEC.
2. The interdependence of nations and peoples across the globe. Business and trade, culture and fashion, social and political movements.
4. This is the foundation or framework of a system, organization, or location. It is often classified as either “hard” or “soft.” Hard infrastructure includes railroads, bridges, water systems, subway systems, and telecommunications. Soft infrastructure is human capital.
7. Direct use of natural resources. It includes agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, and other industries based on what a country has available in its own territory .
8. Government has little involvement in these decisions, though both businesses and consumers rely on laws to ensure fair practices. A market economy is both decentralized and flexible.
9. The permanent place to live. Many animal species migrate, including species of fish, crustaceans, amphibians, reptiles, insects, and mammals. These animals might journey by land, sea, or air to reach their destination, often crossing vast distances and in large numbers.
11. The United States and its North American neighbors, Canada and Mexico, for the purpose of the pact was to make trade between the three nations easier by eliminating some tariffs and reducing others.
14. The economic dependence on oil because much of the world's oil comes from Middle Eastern countries. If the Middle East decided to drastically raise the price of oil, the United States would have limited options. This would be highly expensive and dangerous to the economy.
15. The practice of protecting a country’s local business or industry. This can be done through government policies such as limiting what is imported from other countries and placing tariffs (or taxes) on goods that enter the country . The idea behind protectionism is that when goods that come from other countries are limited.
17. The determining the proportion of total product used for investment rather than consumption becomes a centrally made political decision. After this decision has been made, the central planners work out the assortment of goods to be produced and the quotas for each enterprise. Consumers may influence the planners’ decisions indirectly if the planners take.
18. countries often have a low gross domestic product (GDP), which is the total value of goods and services.
20. The economic policy in which a nation does not try to limit imports or exports by enacting tariffs or subsidies. Tariffs are taxes on imports; subsidies are taxes on exports. A country that practices free trade might still put some limits, such as quotas, on imported or exported items.
22. The economic sanctions as a diplomatic tool. Because trade restrictions often are costly for a country’s economy, sanctions can be used to encourage governments to change a certain behavior or policy. For example, during the Cold War, the United States placed an embargo, which is a type of economy.
24. Economic sectors traditionally, some economists today acknowledge an additional sector: the quaternary sector. The quaternary sector includes intellectual activities, such as those related to scientific research, information technology, education, and libraries. Within the quaternary sector is a branch called the quinary sector.

Across

3. school - a publicly funded independent school established by teachers, parents, or community groups under the terms of a charter with a local or national authority.
5. - A system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.
6. Elite - a small group of people who control a disproportionate amount of power, wealth, and privilege and access to decision-makers in a political system.
7. - A family consisting of a couple and their children from this and all previous relationships.
11. Education - Any form of education or teaching that incorporates the histories, texts, values, beliefs, and perspectives of people from different cultural backgrounds.
12. - A government or the holding of power by people selected on the basis of their ability.
13. - A couple and their dependent children, regarded as a basic social unit.
14. - A formal organizations, typically created through acquisitions or mergers and serve to diversify risk.
16. system - a system of production, resource allocation and distribution of goods and services within a society or a given geographic area.
20. - a market structure where a few, large firms control most of the market.
21. Corporation - a business that is legally independent from its members.
24. Model - a way of organizing people so there are clear reporting relationships from the top to the bottom of the organizational chart.
25. - the concept that the state alone has the right to use or authorize the use of physical force.
26. - a concept whose development is most often associated with the German sociologist Max Weber who saw it as a particular form of power
27. Economic System - a market system of resource allocation, commerce, and trade in which free markets coexist with government intervention.
29. - an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.
32. System - a plan in which each school-age child receives a publicly funded entitlement worth a fixed amount of money with which his or her parents can select a participating public or private school.
35. Curriculum - learning that is synthesized across traditional subject areas and learning experiences that are designed to be mutually reinforcing.
38. - an egalitarian form of government in which all the citizens of a nation determine public policy, the laws, and the actions of their state together.
42. - to bring to or make of an established standard size, weight, quality, strength, or the like
43. - A system of society or government ruled by a woman or women.
45. Sector - a wide range of activities from commerce to administration, transport, financial and real estate activities, business and personal services, education, health and social work.
48. modeling - A branch of the modeling industry that features models who do not conform to mainstream ideals of beauty.
49. - A government ruled by a typically hereditary head of state either as a figurehead or absolute leader.
51. - relating to or believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.
52. Learning - the process of breaking a classroom of students into small groups so they can discover a new concept together and help each other learn.

Down

1. Model - an egalitarian form of government in which all the citizens of a nation determine public policy, the laws, and the actions of their state together, requiring that all citizens have an equal opportunity to express their opinion.
2. Desegregation - to end by law the separation of members of different races desegregate schools.
3. Tier - An occupational structure composed of a large firms dominating their industries.
4. Sector - A part of the economy that transforms the raw materials into goods for sale or consumption.
8. equality - every student should have the same access to a high quality education regardless of where they come from.
9. Directorates - the linkage between corporations that result when an individual serves on the board of directors of two companies
10. - a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.
15. - A family that extends beyond the nuclear family, including grandparents, aunts, uncles, and other relatives, who all live nearby or in one household.
17. Corporations - any corporation that is registered and operates in more than one country at a time.
18. schooling - the structured education system that runs from primary (and in some countries from nursery) school to university, and includes specialised programmes for vocational, technical and professional training.
19. market - an unregulated system of economic exchange, in which taxes, quality controls, quotas, tariffs, and other forms of centralized economic interventions by government either do not exist or are minimal.
22. - an activity in which one engages.
23. - A type of government in which one individual or a small group has authority over the government or people of a country or State.
28. Profit School - a college owned and operated by a private company or business.
30. - A system of society or government in which the father or eldest male is head of the family and descent is traced through the male line.
31. Function - any function of an institution or other social phenomenon that is planned and intentional.
33. Classroom - an approach to elementary education that emphasizes spacious classrooms where learning is informally structured, flexible, and individualized.
34. - an entity or individual's ability to control or direct others, while authority is influence that is predicated on perceived legitimacy.
36. - A system of centralized government in which the State has total authority over society and manipulates all aspects of culture including the arts, in order to control the private lives and morality of its citizens.
37. - a society, system of government, or organization that has different groups that keep their identities while existing with other groups or a more dominant group.
39. - despotic power exercised by a small and privileged group for corrupt or selfish purposes.
40. education - educational programs intended to make up for experiences (such as cultural experiences) lacked by disadvantaged children.
41. Sector - An economy includes any industry involved in the extraction and production of raw materials, such as farming, logging, hunting, fishing, forestry and mining.
44. schools a public school offering special instruction and programs not available elsewhere, designed to attract a more diverse student body from throughout a school district.
46. Tier - an occupational structure composed of smaller, less profitable firms.
47. Function - any function of an institution or other social phenomenon that is unintentional and often unrecognized.
50. Corporations - a corporation the ownership of which is held through publicly traded securities, and that is incorporated under, and subject to, the laws of a national, state, or territorial government.

Across

1. Economic activities concerned with the processing of raw materials, such as manufacturing, construction, and power generation
4. industries whose final products weigh more after assembly thatn they did previously in their constituent parts. production facilities close to markets. example: cars
5. the dispersal of an industry that formely existed in an established agglomeration
6. any antural resource that can replenish itself in a relatively short period of time, usually no longer than the length of a human life
7. countries including Britain, France, the US, Russia, Germany and Japan, that were all at the forefront of industrial production and innovation through the middle of the 20th century. While industry is currently shifting to other countries to take advantage of cheaper labor and more relaxed environmental standards, these
8. cities where US firms have factories just outside the US - Mexican border in areas that have been specially designated by the Mexican government. In such areas, factories cheaply assemble goods for export back into the US
12. area where governments create favorable investment and trading conditions to attract export-oriented industries
13. manufacturing activities in which the cost of trransporting both raw materials and finished product is not important for determing the location of the firm
14. provision of small loans to poorer people, typically women, to encourage the development of small business that are often community-oriented
16. highly developed economies that focus on research and development, marketing, tourism, sales, and telecommunication
17. location where large shipments of goods are broken up into smaller containers for delivery to local markets
20. idea that the world is becoming increasingly interconnected on a global scale such that smaller scales of political and economic life are becoming obsolete
22. total value of goods and services produced within the borders of a country during a specific time period, usually one year
24. total value of goods and services, including income recieved from abroad, produced by the residents of a country within a specific time period, usually one year
26. measure used by the UN that calculates development not in terms of money or productivity but in terms of human welfare. the HDI evaluates human welfare based on three parameters: life expectancy, education, and income
27. system of standardized mass production attributed to Henry Ford
28. economic activities in which natural resources are made available for use or further processing, including mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing
35. concept developed by Alfred Weber to describe the optimal location of a manufacturing establishment in relation to the costs of transport and labor and the relative advantages of agglomeration or deglomeration
36. form of tourism, based on the enjoyment of scenic areas or natural wonders, that aims to provide an experience of nature or culture in an environmentally sustainable way
39. activities that provide the market exchange of goods and that bring together consumers and providers of services, such as retail, transportation, government, personal, and professional services.
40. process of industrial development in whihc countries evolve economically, from producing basic, primary goods to using modern factories for mass-producing goods. At the highest levels of development, national economies are geared mainly toward the delivery of services and exchange of information
41. Goods that are not mass-produced but rather assembled individually or in small quantities
42. the process by which specific regions acquire characteristics that differentiate them from others within the same country. In economic geography, involves the development of dominant activities in particular regions
43. a measure of the opportunities given to women compared to men within a given country
44. a group of cities that form an interconnected, internationally dominant system of global control of finance and commerce
45. national or global regions where economic power, in terms of wealth, innovation, and advanced technology is concentrated
46. model of the spatial structure of development in which underdeveloped countries are defined by their dependence on a developed core region
47. A firm that conducts business in at least two separate countries' also known as multinational corporations

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2. example: silicon valley, research triangle, grouping together of many firms form the same industry in a single area for a collective or cooperative use of infrastructure and sharing of labor resources.
3. The most advanced form of quatenary activities consisting of high-level decision-making for large corporations or high-level scientific research "movers and shakers"
9. Economic activities that surround and support large-scale industries such as shipping and food service
10. natural resources, such as fossil fuels, that do not replenish themselves in a timeframe that is relevant for human consumption
11. Areas that have been specially designed to promote business transactions, and thus have become centers for banking and finance
15. measure of all goods and services produced by a country in a year, including production from its investments abroad, minus the loss or degradation of natural resource capital as a result of productivity
18. industries whose final products weigh less than their constituent parts, and whose processing facilities tend to be located close to sources of raw materials. ex: wood for paper mill
19. the rapid economic and social changes in manufacturing that resulted after the introduction of the factor system to the textile industry in Englad at the end of the 18th century
21. sending industrial processes out for external production. maquiladoras are an example
23. economic activities concerned with research, information, gathering, and administration
25. those newly industrialized countries with median standards of living, such as Chile, Brazil, India, China, Indonesia. Semiperipheral countries offer their citizens relatively diverse economic opportunities but also have extreme gaps between rich and poor
29. those countries, including countries in Africa, parts of South America and Asia that usualyl have low levels of economic productivity, low per capita incomes and generally low standards of living
30. the idea that people living today should be able to meet their needs without prohibiting the ability of future generations to do the same
31. countries thta usually have low levels of economic productivity, low per-capita incomes, and generally low standards of living. The world economic periphery includes Africa, parts of South America and Asia
32. an industry in which the production of goods and services is based in homes, as opposed to factories
33. loss of industrial activity in a region
34. when peripheral econoimes rely too heavily on the export of raw materials, which places them on unequal terms of exchange with more-developed ocuntries that export higher-value goods
37. negative effects on one region that result from economic growth within another region
38. developed by Wallerstein that explains the emergence of a core, periphery, and semiperiphery in terms of economic and politicalconnections first established at the beginning of exploration in the late 15th century and maintained through increased economic access up until the present

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2. a number after thirteen

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1. when someone is threatened

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4. term for the transformation of raw ingredients into food products through various physical and chemical processes
9. strategy can farmers use to increase their income and reduce their risks
14. term used to describe the efforts and practices to prevent soil degradation and maintain soil health for future generations
16. What farming system involves combining different agricultural practices such as crop cultivation, animal husbandry
18. farming approach aims to maintain long-term productivity and ecological balance while minimizing negative environmental and societal impacts
19. What is the practice of growing crops in containers
23. What is the measurement that indicates the acidity or alkalinity of soil
24. agricultural practice of growing multiple crops, often of different species
25. modern industrial method of farming that relies on synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and other technological interventions
27. substance controls or eliminates pests, including insects and rodents
30. common method is used to determine soil’s nutrient and pH levels
33. term for a repository that stores and preserves seeds for future use
34. something that is used to protect, contain, and preserve food during transportation and storage
36. holistic approach to designing and maintaining self-sufficient, productive ecosystems inspired by natural ecosystems and traditional farming practices
38. a farming technique that involves rotating the type of crops grown in a particular field over different seasons or years
39. What is the soilless method of growing plants using mineral nutrient solutions in a water solvent called
40. natural fertilizer made from animal waste and decaying organic matter
42. substance used to kill insects called
44. common agricultural practice involving water application to crops
45. important factor in determining plant growth and productivity
46. substance used to kill rodents
48. recommended technique for improving soil health and reducing weed growth in a garden or farm
50. common practice involving regulating and managing how land is utilized within a specific area
52. growing practice involves cultivating, processing, and distributing food within urban area
53. sustainable farming technique that combines aquaculture (raising aquatic animals) and hydroponics
54. What is the practice of growing crops on the sides of buildings
56. sustainable way to manage organic waste at home or in the garden
59. term for a structure designed to trap and retain heat commonly used in plant cultivation
60. What is the practice of growing crops without human intervention
67. sustainable method of agriculture that emphasizes using natural fertilizers, biological pest control
69. determining factor for determining the appropriateness of a piece of land for a specific use or activity
70. first step in establishing a new farm or garden
72. a substance used to control or kill unwanted plants
75. practice of cultivating land, raising animals, and producing crops
77. farming management strategy uses technology to optimize crop yields,
78. substance is used to provide plants with essential nutrients for growth
80. describe the ability of land to support various types of agricultural or non-agricultural activities
81. farming involves large-scale production for profit and often utilizes modern technologies and management techniques
82. abbreviation for Integrated Pest Management
84. describes the industry that involves agricultural production and related business activities
85. What is a key component of healthy soil that helps improve its fertility and structure
86. agricultural activity involves gathering crops or plants for food or other uses
87. term used to describe the process of controlling and developing the use of land resources

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1. cultivation of crops for market sale
2. term that refers to the complex web of activities and actors involved in producing, distributing, and consuming food
3. agricultural practice of growing a single crop species in a given area
4. What is the topic of concern regarding potential hazards and risks related to food handling, preparation, and consumption
5. arrangement of soil particles and their tendency to clump together called
6. large-scale, intensive farming practices that use modern technology, machinery, and chemical inputs
7. concept that refers to the right of people and communities to control their own food systems,
8. What is a common cause of reduced crop yields in coastal regions and arid climates
10. practice of growing different crops in the same field
11. process of deterioration in the quality of land, including soil, water, and vegetation, which can lead to reduced productivity and biodiversity loss
12. agricultural practice involves the deliberate manipulation of plant genetics to produce desired traits
13. substance used to kill or prevent the growth of fungi called
15. the term for farming aquatic plants and animals in a controlled environment
17. important for maintaining a productive and sustainable agricultural system
20. pesticide is derived from natural materials and used to control pests while minimizing environmental and human health harm
21. the process of creating new land by filling or dredging a body of water
22. What is the practice of growing crops in an arid climate
23. practice of growing crops for personal consumption
26. refers to the legal or customary arrangements that determine how land is owned, used, and transferred
28. field of science that combines biology and technology to develop new methods of improving agricultural practices
29. term refers to the process of starting and operating a business in the agricultural sector
31. common problem in households, restaurants, and supermarkets that contributes to environmental and economic issues
32. type of tourism that combines agricultural activities and environmental conservation
35. what is the physical composition of soil called
37. What common issue can arise from the excessive use of heavy machinery on soil
41. sustainable agricultural approach that emphasizes ecological principles and local knowledge while rejecting the use of synthetic inputs
43. the practice of growing crops in high-density areas
47. name given to the significant increase in agricultural production that occurred in the 1960s and 1970s
49. term for the practice of cultivating plants for food, medicine, and decoration
51. term used to describe the process of transferring ownership and management of a farm to the next generation of family members
55. type of tourism involves visiting and staying on farms or agricultural areas
57. practice of growing crops on a small scale
58. important factor for plant growth that is determined by the soil's nutrient content and physical properties
61. term used to describe a type of farming where people grow crops and raise animals mainly to meet the basic needs
62. term used to describe the condition where all people have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs
63. term refers to the variety of life forms on Earth and the ecological roles they perform
64. farming method that focuses on improving soil health, increasing biodiversity, and sequestering carbon while producing nutritious food
65. describe the amount of output per unit of land in agricultural production
66. what is the process by which soil is moved or washed away from its original location
68. activity that involves putting seeds or young plants into the ground to grow
71. term for the information provided on a food product's packaging that describes the nutritional content and ingredients
73. practice of growing crops in low-density areas
74. sustainable land use system that combines agriculture and forestry practices
76. term for domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting for the production of commodities such as meat, milk, and eggs
79. term for a domesticated, locally adapted plant or animal variety that has developed over time through traditional farming practices
83. name of the transparent, odorless, tasteless liquid essential for all life on Earth

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2. A position of site occupied or available for occupancy or marked by some distinguishing feature. This can help us get to places or identify where something/somewhere is. This is very important because it’s what most of the unit talks about, there are different types of this and the unit also shows a lot of pictures of this word.(VIT1)
3. Migrating people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there. This encourages and facilitates settlement in a new country.(CC2)
8. The science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool and other products. This encompasses raising livestock, industrial forestry and fishing. It helps sustain life by providing the food we need for survival.(VIT5)
9. The belief that territory outside a given state should be made part of the state due to a large number of people living there or the same ethnicity as live in the state in question or due to the state having historically been in possession of the territory. This is based on the intersection between nationalism and the causes of war.(IDK4)
10. Arranged in or extending along a straight or nearly straight line. A settlement or group of buildings that is formed in a long line.(CC5)
11. A boundary line between two distinct linguistic regions. It can be a boundary between two different languages, or, more frequently, the boundary between two different dialects of the same language. This establishes boundaries which group together non standard dialect forms with similar distinctive linguistic features.(IDK2)
14. A particular point or part of space or of a surfaces, especially that occupies a person or thing. This is important because it can carry meaning, memories, cultures and people.(CC1)
15. The number of years a person can expect to live. This is important because it measures health status across all age groups.(VIT7)
17. To separate and move apart in different directions without order or regularity. To become scattered. This implies a wider separation and complete breaking up of a mass or group.(CC5)
18. The business practice of hiring a party outside a company to perform services or create goods that were traditionally performed in house by the company’s own employees and staff. This is important because companies use this to cut labor costs, including salaries for their personnel, overhead, equipment, and technology.(CC7)
20. Identification with one’s own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations. This identifies the nation as the central form of community and elevates it to its loyalty.(VIT4)
21. The custom arts, social institutions, ns achievement regarding collectively of a group of people from a nation or social group. This influences people's views, values, their humor, their hopes, loyalty, and worries or fears. This helps build relationships among people and when building relationships finding those similarities and understanding people's perspective.(VIT2)
25. A position or site occupied or available for occupancy or marked by some distinguishing feature. This plays a huge role in attracting and retaining the best employees.(CC1)
28. A political division of a body of people that occupies a territory defined by frontiers. The establishment of order and security its methods the laws and their enforcement is why this is important.(CC4)
29. A planning and development approach based on the principles of how cities and towns had been built for the last several centuries. This improve accessibility, improves transportation choice and reduces traffic speeds.(CC6)
33. The visual representations of geospatial data and the use of cartographic techniques to support visual analytics. This is important because it emphasizes information transmission and communicates geospatial information. This allows us to explore date and also for decision making processes.(IDK1)
34. A political approach that favors free market capitalism, deregulation, and reduction in government spending. This can affect freer markers, access to more product and services to meet consumer demand, greater revenue and higher profits.(IDK7)
35. changing patterns of population distribution in relation to changing patterns of mortality, fertility, like expectancy and leading causes of death. This provided an explanatory model for the emergence of modern epidemics of chronic diseases.(IDK2)

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1. A period of growth with an industrialized economy or nation in which the relative importance of manufacturing reduces. This focuses on theory Al knowledge creating new scientific disciplines and technological advances.(IDK7)
4. The process of becoming similar to others by taking in and using their customs and cultures. This allows humans to adapt to and learn about their environment.(CC2)
5. Cultural modification of an individual, group, or people by adapting to or borrowing traits from another culture. This can lead to changes in values, attitudes, abilities, motives, and personal identity.(CC2)
6. The analysis of the methods, the behavior and the results of elections in the context of geographic space and using geographical techniques.(IDK4)
7. The combining of different religions, cultures or ideas. This provides an opportunity to bring beliefs, values, and customs from one cultural tradition into contact with, and to engage different cultural traditions.(IDK2)
12. The existence of diversity within a society or group, including differences in terms of cultural background, beliefs, values, social norms, ethnicity, race, gender, and other characteristics that influence how people interact with one another.(IDK6)
13. The practice of relocating business processes or work functions to another country in order to cut costs and increase efficiency. This is helpful because it revolutionizes businesses by relocation operations to optimize costs, access specialized skills foster innovation and reshaping global industries.(CC7)
16. Dislike of or prejudice against people from other countries. This is an element of a political struggle about who has the right to be cared by the states and society.(IDK2)
19. The action or practice of moving livestock from one grazing to another in a seasonal cycle, typically to lowlands in winter and highlands in summer. This is an efficient way to maintain access to food in areas that otherwise do not support many other types of agriculture.n(IDK5)
22. When a migrant follows a path of a series of stages, or steps toward a final destination. This allows migrants to increase the likelihood of reaching the West.(CC2)
23. The technique of growing plants using a water based nutrient solution rather than soil. This is a solution to combat climate change, to reduce the environmental damage and species extinction caused by overexploitation and intensive farming.(IDK5)
24. A geographical area constituting a city or town. This is important for many reasons ranging from long term economic benefit to improved quality of life and reduced environmental impact.(VIT6)
26. The process whereby the character of a poor urban area is changed by wealthier people moving in, improving housing, and attracting new businesses. This results in the forced exodus of low income residents and minorities to make room for more affluent people.(CC6)
27. The movement of a person or people from one country, locality, place of residence to settle in another. It is important to know about this because it raises world GDP by raising productivity.(VIT2)
30. Rapidly growing suburban cities with a population greater than 100,000. This is important to population growth that have a larger amount of residents.(IDK6)
31. Another word for name, but it identifies specific locations. This can help people and ethnic groups to recognize their home and places in terms of their historical and cultural subjects, religious beliefs, and mythical custom ceremonies. This is important because it can uncover important historical information about a place.(IDK1)
32. A territory where all the people are led by the same government. This generates identity and loyalty.(CC4)

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4. term for the transformation of raw ingredients into food products through various physical and chemical processes
9. strategy can farmers use to increase their income and reduce their risks
14. term used to describe the efforts and practices to prevent soil degradation and maintain soil health for future generations
16. What farming system involves combining different agricultural practices such as crop cultivation, animal husbandry
18. farming approach aims to maintain long-term productivity and ecological balance while minimizing negative environmental and societal impacts
19. What is the practice of growing crops in containers
23. What is the measurement that indicates the acidity or alkalinity of soil
24. agricultural practice of growing multiple crops, often of different species
25. modern industrial method of farming that relies on synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and other technological interventions
27. substance controls or eliminates pests, including insects and rodents
30. common method is used to determine soil’s nutrient and pH levels
33. term for a repository that stores and preserves seeds for future use
34. something that is used to protect, contain, and preserve food during transportation and storage
36. holistic approach to designing and maintaining self-sufficient, productive ecosystems inspired by natural ecosystems and traditional farming practices
38. a farming technique that involves rotating the type of crops grown in a particular field over different seasons or years
39. What is the soilless method of growing plants using mineral nutrient solutions in a water solvent called
40. natural fertilizer made from animal waste and decaying organic matter
42. substance used to kill insects called
44. common agricultural practice involving water application to crops
45. important factor in determining plant growth and productivity
46. substance used to kill rodents
48. recommended technique for improving soil health and reducing weed growth in a garden or farm
50. common practice involving regulating and managing how land is utilized within a specific area
52. growing practice involves cultivating, processing, and distributing food within urban area
53. sustainable farming technique that combines aquaculture (raising aquatic animals) and hydroponics
54. What is the practice of growing crops on the sides of buildings
56. sustainable way to manage organic waste at home or in the garden
59. term for a structure designed to trap and retain heat commonly used in plant cultivation
60. What is the practice of growing crops without human intervention
67. sustainable method of agriculture that emphasizes using natural fertilizers, biological pest control
69. determining factor for determining the appropriateness of a piece of land for a specific use or activity
70. first step in establishing a new farm or garden
72. a substance used to control or kill unwanted plants
75. practice of cultivating land, raising animals, and producing crops
77. farming management strategy uses technology to optimize crop yields,
78. substance is used to provide plants with essential nutrients for growth
80. describe the ability of land to support various types of agricultural or non-agricultural activities
81. farming involves large-scale production for profit and often utilizes modern technologies and management techniques
82. abbreviation for Integrated Pest Management
84. describes the industry that involves agricultural production and related business activities
85. What is a key component of healthy soil that helps improve its fertility and structure
86. agricultural activity involves gathering crops or plants for food or other uses
87. term used to describe the process of controlling and developing the use of land resources

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1. cultivation of crops for market sale
2. term that refers to the complex web of activities and actors involved in producing, distributing, and consuming food
3. agricultural practice of growing a single crop species in a given area
4. What is the topic of concern regarding potential hazards and risks related to food handling, preparation, and consumption
5. arrangement of soil particles and their tendency to clump together called
6. large-scale, intensive farming practices that use modern technology, machinery, and chemical inputs
7. concept that refers to the right of people and communities to control their own food systems,
8. What is a common cause of reduced crop yields in coastal regions and arid climates
10. practice of growing different crops in the same field
11. process of deterioration in the quality of land, including soil, water, and vegetation, which can lead to reduced productivity and biodiversity loss
12. agricultural practice involves the deliberate manipulation of plant genetics to produce desired traits
13. substance used to kill or prevent the growth of fungi called
15. the term for farming aquatic plants and animals in a controlled environment
17. important for maintaining a productive and sustainable agricultural system
20. pesticide is derived from natural materials and used to control pests while minimizing environmental and human health harm
21. the process of creating new land by filling or dredging a body of water
22. What is the practice of growing crops in an arid climate
23. practice of growing crops for personal consumption
26. refers to the legal or customary arrangements that determine how land is owned, used, and transferred
28. field of science that combines biology and technology to develop new methods of improving agricultural practices
29. term refers to the process of starting and operating a business in the agricultural sector
31. common problem in households, restaurants, and supermarkets that contributes to environmental and economic issues
32. type of tourism that combines agricultural activities and environmental conservation
35. what is the physical composition of soil called
37. What common issue can arise from the excessive use of heavy machinery on soil
41. sustainable agricultural approach that emphasizes ecological principles and local knowledge while rejecting the use of synthetic inputs
43. the practice of growing crops in high-density areas
47. name given to the significant increase in agricultural production that occurred in the 1960s and 1970s
49. term for the practice of cultivating plants for food, medicine, and decoration
51. term used to describe the process of transferring ownership and management of a farm to the next generation of family members
55. type of tourism involves visiting and staying on farms or agricultural areas
57. practice of growing crops on a small scale
58. important factor for plant growth that is determined by the soil's nutrient content and physical properties
61. term used to describe a type of farming where people grow crops and raise animals mainly to meet the basic needs
62. term used to describe the condition where all people have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs
63. term refers to the variety of life forms on Earth and the ecological roles they perform
64. farming method that focuses on improving soil health, increasing biodiversity, and sequestering carbon while producing nutritious food
65. describe the amount of output per unit of land in agricultural production
66. what is the process by which soil is moved or washed away from its original location
68. activity that involves putting seeds or young plants into the ground to grow
71. term for the information provided on a food product's packaging that describes the nutritional content and ingredients
73. practice of growing crops in low-density areas
74. sustainable land use system that combines agriculture and forestry practices
76. term for domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting for the production of commodities such as meat, milk, and eggs
79. term for a domesticated, locally adapted plant or animal variety that has developed over time through traditional farming practices
83. name of the transparent, odorless, tasteless liquid essential for all life on Earth

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3. agriculture- An agricultural practice that consists of growing hardy trees and shrubs and raising sheep and goats.
4. Agricultural Revolution- A change in farming practices, marked by new tools and techniques, that diffused from Britain and the Low Countries starting in the early 18th century.
7. economic activity- Economic sector associated with the production of goods from raw materials; includes manufacturing, processing, and construction.
8. a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community - smaller scale than a pandemic
9. for nature swaps- Agreement between a bank and a peripheral country in which the bank forgives a portion of the country’s debt in exchange for local investment in conservation measures.
11. and bounds system- A system of land surveying east of the Appalachian Mountains, It is a system that relies on descriptions of land ownership and natural features such as streams or trees. Because of the imprecise nature of metes and bounds surveying, the U.S. The Land Office Survey abandoned the technique in favor of the rectangular survey system.
15. The movement of herds between pastures at cooler, higher elevations during the summer months and lower elevations during the winter.
18. nomadism- A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals.
20. Revolution- Movement beginning in the 1950s and 1960s in which scientists used knowledge of genetics to develop new high yield strains of grain crops.
21. Modified Organisms (GMO)- A plant or animal with specific characteristics obtained through the manipulation of its genetic makeup.
24. Carl –Root & Seed Crop Hearths (map)- Created Crop hearth map; identified agriculture as a hearth independent invention and said agriculture was not accidental but deliberate
25. Added to the crop and soil to increase yields.
26. system- system that delineates property lines
30. diseases- spread through direct contact between host and victim. No intermediary involved. Aids, for example
33. economic activity- Economic sector that is a subset of tertiary sector activities that require workers to process and handle information and environmental technology.
36. cultivation- The agricultural practice of growing crops or grazing animals on a piece of land for a year or two, then abandoning that land when the nutrients have been depleted from the soil and moving to a new piece of land where the process is repeated.
38. settlements- clustered rural settlement pattern where villages are located together and surrounded by farmland
39. agriculture- An agricultural practice that focuses on producing crops and raising animals for the market for others to purchase.
43. agriculture- An agricultural practice with relatively few inputs and little investment in labor and capital that results in relatively low outputs.
44. disease- A disease carried from one host to another by an intermediate host.
45. exchange- The exchange of goods and ideas between the Americas, Europe, and Africa that began after Christopher Columbus landed in the Americas in 1492.
48. Agriculture- An agricultural practice that provides crops or livestock to feed one’s family and close community using fewer mechanical resources and more people to care for the crops and livestock.
51. The large-scale system that includes the production, processing, and distribution of agricultural products and equipment.
53. A form of commercial agriculture that specializes in the production of milk and other dairy products.
55. agriculture- Approach to farming and ranching that avoids the use of herbicides, pesticides, growth hormones, and other similar synthetic inputs.
56. economic activity- Economic sector that includes a host of activities that involve the transport, storage, marketing, and selling of goods or services; also called the service sector.
57. of the commons- the idea that people will take and use resources to their own advantage, not stopping to think about the future and other people
58. and range system- Creates rectangular plots of consistent size (Six miles long and six miles wide).
59. lot survey system- Distinct regional approach to land surveying found in the Canadian Maritimes, parts of Quebec, Louisiana, and Texas whereby land is divided into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, or canals.
60. Chemicals used in farming to kill pests

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1. Chemicals used in farming to kill weeds
2. agriculture- A type of large-scale commercial farming of one particular crop grown for markets often distant from the plantation.
5. wetlands- Deliberate modification of earth to dry out wetlands through the formation of canal systems to increase land use, thus increasing carrying capacity.
6. Chains- A network of people, information, processes, and resources that work together to produce, handle, and distribute a commodity or product.
10. farming- The process of carving parts of a hill or mountainside into small, level growing plots.
12. trade- A movement that tries to provide farmers and workers in peripheral and semi-peripheral countries with a fair price for their products by providing more equitable trading conditions.
13. crops- Non-subsistence crops such as tea, cacao, coffee, and tobacco.
14. The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers.
16. farming- establishment or performance of agriculture practice in a city setting; rooftop gardens or community gardens for example
17. Agricultural Revolution (Neolithic)- The shift from foraging for food to farming about 11,000 years ago, marking the beginning of agriculture.
19. economic activity- Economic sector that is a subset of the quaternary sector; involves the very top leaders of government, science, universities, nonprofits, health care, culture, and media.
22. agriculture- An agricultural practice in which farmers expand a great deal of effort to produce as much yield as possible from an area of land.
23. added model- a change in the physical state or form of the product (such as milling wheat into flour or making strawberries into jam); the production of a product in a manner that enhances its value (such as organically produced products)
27. Climatic Classifications- Developed by Wladimir Koppen, a system for classifying the world’s climates on the basis of temperature and precipitation.
28. gardening- A type of farming that produces fruits, vegetables, and flowers and typically serves a specific market or urban area.
29. Mono-cropping- The agricultural system of planting one crop or raising one type of animal annually.
31. farming- Farming using chemicals such as fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides
32. A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area.
34. of scale- Cost reductions that occur when production rises.
35. Crops/Livestock- A type of farming in which both crops and livestock are raised for profit.
36. salinization- Improper use of irrigation or water high in salt content can cause salinization of the soil. Salinization occurs when salts from water used by plants remain in the soil. Results in lower yields.
37. Thunen, Johann - Von Thunen model of rural land use - A model that suggests that perishability of the product and transport costs to the market each factor into the location of agricultural land use and activity.
40. food movement- Seeking out food produced nearby.
41. The use of Earth’s land and natural resources in ways that ensure they will continue to be available in the future.
42. Rent Theory- A theory that describes the relationships between land value, commercial location, and transportation (primarily in urban areas) using a bid-rent gradient, or slope; used to describe how land costs are determined.
46. Loss of forested land.
47. A form of land degradation that occurs when soil deteriorates to a desertlike condition.
48. agriculture- A method of agriculture in which existing vegetation is cut down and burned off before new seeds are sown; often used when clearing land.
49. efforts- the sustainable use and management of Earth’s natural resources to meet human need such as food and medicine
50. economic activity- Economic sector associated with removing or harvesting products from the earth; includes agriculture, fishing, forestry, mining or quarrying, and extracting liquids or gas.
52. Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.
54. The cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions.

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2. Held at the Greater Columbus Convention Center, this day-long conference provides teens with educational sessions pertaining to 4-H projects, 4-H opportunities, leadership development, and current events. Includes buffet lunch and opportunities for networking
4. This is held at the National 4-H Center (Chevy Chase, MD). It gives 4-H youth the opportunity to explore, develop, and refine the civic engagement skills they need to be outstanding leaders in their home communities and at the national level. Through sightseeing tours in the living classroom of Washington, D.C. and hands-on educational workshops, youth learn about the history of our nation, the leaders who have shaped it, and how they can apply the leadership and citizenship skills they have learned when they return home.
5. The mission of the conference is to reward delegates for their state level achievements in the area of dairy cows and dairy goats, provide delegates the opportunity to practice new dairy related skills, observe new dairy techniques, encourage delegates to conduct educational dairy activities in their local communities, foster an increased understanding and appreciation of the dairy industry, meet new people, and share ideas.
6. This program is conducted at 4-H Camp Ohio and emphasizes recreational leadership skills and fun activities.
8. Held at Recreation Unlimited (Ashley, Ohio). This learning, sharing workshop is intended as a balanced program of social, physical, mental, and spiritual activities. It is a powerful learning environment in which anyone who works with people, professionally or informally, can develop programming for youth or adults.
13. Held on the campus of the Ohio State University, this program focuses on college and career readiness for Ohio 4-H members. Participants will have the chance to develop valuable skills, make new friends, and fuel individual growth.
18. A traffic safety program conducted by 4-H teen leaders and their program partners for juvenile traffic offenders.
19. This club or group provides an opportunity for teens to improve leadership skills while working together in a social environment. Teens increase their skills in leadership, citizenship, and community service and also develop social skills through interactions with their peers and adult leaders.
20. Hosted in Washington, D.C. – National 4-H Conference is a premier civic engagement opportunity for 4-H members. It is administered by NIFA and USDA. Delegates become familiar with government and future career opportunities and share their voice with federal agencies and congressional committees.
22. A small group of outstanding 4-H youth involved in 4-H textiles and clothing projects. Individuals are selected from across the state to: a) assist in conducting the Ohio State Fair 4-H Fashion Revue; b) assist with educational programming efforts related to textiles and clothing at county, regional, and state-wide events; c) serve as an advocate for Ohio’s 4-H textiles and clothing projects and programs.
24. embers are part of the highest youth decision-making and advisement and body in the state’s 4-H program. Members work together to improve Ohio 4-H programming, administration, and relevance to youth in today’s society through cooperation with state 4-H leaders, active support of new and innovative 4-H programming, and advocacy for 4-H and youth issues
25. Short term role to assist with Ohio 4-H events in the summer, such as the Ohio State Fair project judging. Serve as speakers, emcees, program facilitators, hosts or hostesses, committee members, and in many other youth leadership roles for 4-H and Extension programs and events throughout the state.
26. Membership comprised of individuals from each of the youth organizations represented at the Ohio State Fair. Members are expected to attend meetings and stay at the fair for the entire 12 days, where they help strengthen and coordinate activities in a fast-paced, action-packed month at the Ohio State Fair.
27. 4-H Cultural Immersion Project (CIP) experience in Puerto Rico. Is a great way to better understand a different culture without leaving the United States. This experience immerses youth in a different culture and builds multicultural skills and understanding. Teens will experience both the Old San Juan urban area as well as life in the remote mountain town of Castañer. We will also be working with Puerto Rican youth in joint service projects and leading teambuilding activities for students at University Gardens High School in San Juan.

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1. Established in an effort to encourage and inspire more 4-H teens to become responsible citizens who are involved in local government. This award is designed to reinforce the importance of having youth become contributing citizens in their communities. Annual selection of monetary award.
3. The National 4-H Shooting Sports Ambassador program provides an excellent opportunity for 4-H'ers active in shooting sports projects to demonstrate their skills in leadership, citizenship and community service through ambassador activities that promote and encourage the 4-H Shooting Sports Program.
7. This is part of a national initiative involving 49 states and the District of Columbia with high levels of National Guard and Reserve deployment. Programs are designed for military youth to help them find positive ways to cope with the stress of their family member's deployment. Residential camping is one such program. Camp is held at Kelleys Island.
9. These awards recognize a 4-H member's achievement in a specific area. Areas include Beef, *Camping, Citizenship & Community Service, Clothing & Textiles, Communications, Companion Animals, Creative Arts, Dairy, Family Life & Child Development, Foods & Nutrition, Gardening & Horticulture, Goat, *Healthy Living, Horse, Leadership, Llamas & Alpacas, Mechanical Engineering, *Natural Resources, Personal Development, Photography, Poultry, Rabbits, *Safety, Sheep, Shooting Sports, *STEM, Swine, Veterinary Science. *Workforce Development, and Woodworking. Award recipients receive a paid trip to National 4-H Congress in Atlanta, Georgia in the fall.
10. The 4-H Global Immersion Project is a cross-cultural and agricultural career field exploration program designed to help youth learn about Ag careers, cross-cultural interactions, workforce preparation and leadership skills. In this experience, teens will be part of a “Work Internship” with American Farm School in Thessaloniki Greece. High school students will work in cohorts focused on different program units that include Animal and Plant Production, Food Science & Technology, and more.
11. This is held on Kelleys Island at Lake Erie. Campers learn about one of Ohio's most important resources: Lake Erie! Campers will be in, on, and around the water as they explore the science of the lake, learn marine-related skills, and discover the history and recreational uses of our great lake. Campers will learn about safe boating in Ohio and have the opportunity to earn their Ohio Boater Education certificate.
12. The Urban Immersion Project is a 4-H initiative that combines cross-cultural learning, teamwork, and service-learning in the urban environment of Washington, DC. UIP Experience is designed to build skills and abilities to prepare youth for success in a diverse workplace as well as build a cultural understanding of those who are different.
14. Many funds currently exist for Ohio 4-H members. The majority are for graduates attending The Ohio State University, but several exist for members attending any accredited post-secondary institution. Monetary amounts and requirements vary, but application focus is on 4-H participation and leadership.
15. Join Ohio 4-H & Hocking College professionals at Canters Cave 4-H Camp for a weekend of learning about forestry & wildlife education, fishing, hiking, tree climbing, ODNR careers & college opportunities and more
16. This is held at Canter's Cave 4-H Camp, Jackson, Ohio. Campers select a shooting sports discipline to focus on for the week and enjoy other traditional 4-H camp activities.
17. Opportunity designed for youth who have proven leadership abilities and are willing to take on major responsibilities before and during their county fair.
21. Develop advanced leadership abilities by serving in this role, as peer helpers, teen program assistants, and in other capacities. Undergo the training and program planning process specific to the particular camp. A variety of day-camp and residential-camps exist in each county.
23. The premier leadership development opportunity available for Ohio 4-H members. The focus of the five-day leadership experience is the development of concrete peer leadership skills that will enhance participants to have an immediate impact in their home 4-H club, county, community, or school.

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2. A measure of how much a greenhouse gas is estimated to contribute to global warming over a specific time period compared to carbon dioxide.
5. The rechargeable component that supplies electric energy to an electric vehicle.
7. A change which is a result or consequence of an action or other cause.
9. A process where an increase in the amount of greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere from human activities causes Earth to heat up, as less re-radiated heat from solar radiation escapes into space.
10. A process where greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere trap re-radiated heat from solar radiation and keep Earth warm
12. The fossil fuel-powered engine that allows a traditional vehicle to move.
15. Frozen seawater that floats on the ocean surface, usually occurring within the Arctic Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and their adjacent seas.
17. An increase in the volume of water as a result of heating.
18. The process in which an economy grows or changes and becomes more advanced, especially when both economic and social conditions are improved.
20. The process of change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment.
22. A powerful low-pressure system with rotating, moist air, strong winds, and heavy rainfall, forming where sea temperature is over 27°C.
24. The average weather in a given area over a longer period of time. A description of a climate includes information on, e.g. the average temperature in different seasons, rainfall, and sunshine.
28. Processes and actions required for collecting, treating, recycling, and disposing of different waste materials in a way that minimises environmental and public health impacts.
33. The increase in average global temperature over the past century
36. A treaty (document) between different countries to form an alliance toward a common goal, ensuring that everyone is held to the decided standard.
37. Energy sources other than fossil fuels (e.g., solar, hydro, wind, nuclear)
40. To force (someone) to leave their home, typically because of war, persecution, or natural disaster.
41. The situation in which a person does not have access to sufficient, affordable, or healthy food to meet their basic needs for an active lifestyle.
42. The way a person or group of people live, including where they live, what they own, the kind of job they do, the activities they enjoy, how they spend their money and how they behave towards others and the environment.
44. The set of conditions in which living takes place. It is the complex system of physical, chemical and biological factors, of living and non-living elements and of the relationships in which all the organisms that inhabit the planet are immersed.
45. A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall in an area. It can last for days, weeks or even years.
51. Natural sources of energy that are replenished at a higher rate than they are consumed (e.g., sunlight and wind).
53. An increase in the level of the world's oceans due to the effects of global warming.
55. The process that implies the expulsion of the symbiotic algae that live in their tissue, causing them to turn white. The white colour indicates a situation of stress that, if prolonged, can lead to the death of the marine invertebrate.
56. A reversal of the prevailing winds in an area which can cause a change in in rainfall patterns
57. An extended period of hot weather compared to the expected conditions

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1. A person forced to leave their home due to the impacts of climate change.
3. The action of reducing the severity, seriousness, or painfulness of something.
4. Gases in Earth's atmosphere that trap heat by absorbing infrared radiation, and warm the planet (e.g., carbon dioxide and methane)
6. The process of frozen ocean water transitioning to liquid, caused by warming temperatures that increase heat absorption and disrupt polar ecosystems.
8. Any method that captures carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and stores it durably (e.g. Direct Air Capture, Afforestation, Carbon Farming, Forestry, etc.)
11. The increasing concentration of population in urban areas, causing city growth and expansion, driven by people moving from rural areas.
13. Resources whose replenishment period is longer than the human lifetime (e.g., coal, gas, oil, uranium).
14. Any barrier, dike, or sea wall built in the vicinity of the sea to prevent low-lying areas from flooding.
16. and Storage (CCS) The process of trapping carbon dioxide produced by burning fossil fuels or other chemical or biological processes and storing it in such a way that it is unable to affect the atmosphere
19. Changes in temperature and weather patterns over a long period of time.
20. Planting trees in an area that has not had tree cover recently.
21. Tiny particles including ash, sulphur dioxide, and water vapour that a volcano ejects into the atmosphere during an eruption.
23. Earth’s axis of rotation is tilted as it travels around the Sun; this is why Earth has seasons. Over the last million years, it has varied between 22.1 and 24.5 degrees with respect to Earth’s orbital plane. The greater Earth’s axial tilt angle, the more extreme our seasons are, as each hemisphere receives more solar radiation during its summer, when the hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun, and less during winter, when it is tilted away.
25. It is the measure that determines how much the shape of Earth’s orbit departs from a perfect circle. These variations affect the distance between Earth and the Sun.
26. The degree of hotness or coldness of an object.
27. Treating everyone fairly in addressing climate change, considering past inequalities.
29. It ranges from emission of gases, non-explosive lava emissions, to extremely violent explosive bursts that may last many hours. It occurs when there is a sudden or continuing release of energy caused by near-surface or surface magma movement. The energy can be in the form of earthquakes, gas-emission at the surface, release of heat (geothermal activity), explosive release of gases (including steam with the interaction of magma and surface of ground water), and the non-explosive extrusion or intrusion of magma.
30. Measurement of how much water falls as rain in a specific period of time (e.g. day, week, month, year).
31. A short period of cold weather compared to the expected conditions.
32. The state of the Earth's atmosphere at a specific place and time, typically described in terms of temperature, humidity, cloud cover, etc.
34. An economic system of a country that reduces its greenhouse gas emissions to the point at which the gases released in the atmosphere are offset by the gases removed. This is achieved by reducing emissions and using carbon removal technologies/techniques.
35. An amount of something, especially a gas that harms the environment, that is sent out into the air.
37. Wobbling movement of the Earth on its rotational axis. It makes seasonal contrasts more extreme in one hemisphere and less extreme in the other, with an interval of 13000 years (more or less).
38. A short period of time between glacial periods, with warmer temperatures and sea levels similar to today.
39. Cooler parts of the Sun’s surface caused by massive changes in the Sun’s magnetic field. Historical records suggest that they affect the temperature on Earth.
43. A measure of the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere as a result of the activities of a particular individual, organisation, or community.
46. Tropical cyclone with sustained winds of 74 mph or higher, forming over tropical or subtropical waters.
47. A natural, non-renewable source of energy (e.g. coal, oil, gas), formed millions of years ago from the remains of living organisms.
48. The removal and destruction of a forest or stand of trees from land that is then converted to non-forest use.
49. An event, condition or situation that brings about an effect or a result.
50. An overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry.
52. Decrease in size, amount, or degree
54. A prolonged period of cold global temperatures, with large continental ice sheets over 2 km thick on North America, Scandinavia, and Scotland. Global temperatures drop as much as 5 degrees Celsius, greenhouse gases are significantly reduced, and sea level can be over 120 metres lower.

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3. agriculture- An agricultural practice that consists of growing hardy trees and shrubs and raising sheep and goats.
4. Agricultural Revolution- A change in farming practices, marked by new tools and techniques, that diffused from Britain and the Low Countries starting in the early 18th century.
7. economic activity- Economic sector associated with the production of goods from raw materials; includes manufacturing, processing, and construction.
8. a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community - smaller scale than a pandemic
9. for nature swaps- Agreement between a bank and a peripheral country in which the bank forgives a portion of the country’s debt in exchange for local investment in conservation measures.
11. and bounds system- A system of land surveying east of the Appalachian Mountains, It is a system that relies on descriptions of land ownership and natural features such as streams or trees. Because of the imprecise nature of metes and bounds surveying, the U.S. The Land Office Survey abandoned the technique in favor of the rectangular survey system.
15. The movement of herds between pastures at cooler, higher elevations during the summer months and lower elevations during the winter.
18. nomadism- A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals.
20. Revolution- Movement beginning in the 1950s and 1960s in which scientists used knowledge of genetics to develop new high yield strains of grain crops.
21. Modified Organisms (GMO)- A plant or animal with specific characteristics obtained through the manipulation of its genetic makeup.
24. Carl –Root & Seed Crop Hearths (map)- Created Crop hearth map; identified agriculture as a hearth independent invention and said agriculture was not accidental but deliberate
25. Added to the crop and soil to increase yields.
26. system- system that delineates property lines
30. diseases- spread through direct contact between host and victim. No intermediary involved. Aids, for example
33. economic activity- Economic sector that is a subset of tertiary sector activities that require workers to process and handle information and environmental technology.
36. cultivation- The agricultural practice of growing crops or grazing animals on a piece of land for a year or two, then abandoning that land when the nutrients have been depleted from the soil and moving to a new piece of land where the process is repeated.
38. settlements- clustered rural settlement pattern where villages are located together and surrounded by farmland
39. agriculture- An agricultural practice that focuses on producing crops and raising animals for the market for others to purchase.
43. agriculture- An agricultural practice with relatively few inputs and little investment in labor and capital that results in relatively low outputs.
44. disease- A disease carried from one host to another by an intermediate host.
45. exchange- The exchange of goods and ideas between the Americas, Europe, and Africa that began after Christopher Columbus landed in the Americas in 1492.
48. Agriculture- An agricultural practice that provides crops or livestock to feed one’s family and close community using fewer mechanical resources and more people to care for the crops and livestock.
51. The large-scale system that includes the production, processing, and distribution of agricultural products and equipment.
53. A form of commercial agriculture that specializes in the production of milk and other dairy products.
55. agriculture- Approach to farming and ranching that avoids the use of herbicides, pesticides, growth hormones, and other similar synthetic inputs.
56. economic activity- Economic sector that includes a host of activities that involve the transport, storage, marketing, and selling of goods or services; also called the service sector.
57. of the commons- the idea that people will take and use resources to their own advantage, not stopping to think about the future and other people
58. and range system- Creates rectangular plots of consistent size (Six miles long and six miles wide).
59. lot survey system- Distinct regional approach to land surveying found in the Canadian Maritimes, parts of Quebec, Louisiana, and Texas whereby land is divided into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, or canals.
60. Chemicals used in farming to kill pests

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1. Chemicals used in farming to kill weeds
2. agriculture- A type of large-scale commercial farming of one particular crop grown for markets often distant from the plantation.
5. wetlands- Deliberate modification of earth to dry out wetlands through the formation of canal systems to increase land use, thus increasing carrying capacity.
6. Chains- A network of people, information, processes, and resources that work together to produce, handle, and distribute a commodity or product.
10. farming- The process of carving parts of a hill or mountainside into small, level growing plots.
12. trade- A movement that tries to provide farmers and workers in peripheral and semi-peripheral countries with a fair price for their products by providing more equitable trading conditions.
13. crops- Non-subsistence crops such as tea, cacao, coffee, and tobacco.
14. The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers.
16. farming- establishment or performance of agriculture practice in a city setting; rooftop gardens or community gardens for example
17. Agricultural Revolution (Neolithic)- The shift from foraging for food to farming about 11,000 years ago, marking the beginning of agriculture.
19. economic activity- Economic sector that is a subset of the quaternary sector; involves the very top leaders of government, science, universities, nonprofits, health care, culture, and media.
22. agriculture- An agricultural practice in which farmers expand a great deal of effort to produce as much yield as possible from an area of land.
23. added model- a change in the physical state or form of the product (such as milling wheat into flour or making strawberries into jam); the production of a product in a manner that enhances its value (such as organically produced products)
27. Climatic Classifications- Developed by Wladimir Koppen, a system for classifying the world’s climates on the basis of temperature and precipitation.
28. gardening- A type of farming that produces fruits, vegetables, and flowers and typically serves a specific market or urban area.
29. Mono-cropping- The agricultural system of planting one crop or raising one type of animal annually.
31. farming- Farming using chemicals such as fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides
32. A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area.
34. of scale- Cost reductions that occur when production rises.
35. Crops/Livestock- A type of farming in which both crops and livestock are raised for profit.
36. salinization- Improper use of irrigation or water high in salt content can cause salinization of the soil. Salinization occurs when salts from water used by plants remain in the soil. Results in lower yields.
37. Thunen, Johann - Von Thunen model of rural land use - A model that suggests that perishability of the product and transport costs to the market each factor into the location of agricultural land use and activity.
40. food movement- Seeking out food produced nearby.
41. The use of Earth’s land and natural resources in ways that ensure they will continue to be available in the future.
42. Rent Theory- A theory that describes the relationships between land value, commercial location, and transportation (primarily in urban areas) using a bid-rent gradient, or slope; used to describe how land costs are determined.
46. Loss of forested land.
47. A form of land degradation that occurs when soil deteriorates to a desertlike condition.
48. agriculture- A method of agriculture in which existing vegetation is cut down and burned off before new seeds are sown; often used when clearing land.
49. efforts- the sustainable use and management of Earth’s natural resources to meet human need such as food and medicine
50. economic activity- Economic sector associated with removing or harvesting products from the earth; includes agriculture, fishing, forestry, mining or quarrying, and extracting liquids or gas.
52. Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.
54. The cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions.

Across

4. declining in health and/or productivity
10. to gather food in a systematic manner
11. an insect-eating animal
14. a plant with wide blade leaves such as an oak or cottonwood. Seeds are born from flowering parts in contrast to conifers which bear seeds in cones
19. seed occurring naturally in the top few inches of soil
21. a group of individuals of the same species living in a given area that interact with each other
24. behavioral term for fish that breed in salt water, but mature in fresh water (see anadromous)
25. a small fish, especially up to one year of age
26. referring to trees and shrubs
31. n. leaves and ends of twigs of woody species; v. to eat browse
32. having thick fleshy leaves that conserve moisture
33. most often used in natural resources management to describe disruption of continuity of a vegetation or type community; for example, an interstate highway can cause fragmentation of a forest
36. species plant or animal species with a disproportionate influence in its community relative to its abundance
41. in forestry, refers to young trees
43. to stimulate and return to good health and vigor
46. plain large, nearly level areas of land near ocean shores
49. microscopic floating and suspended aquatic plants
54. an animal that eats both plant and animal material
57. species: a species in danger of becoming extinct
58. the mixing of vegetation types or successional stages; high interspersion represents a lot of mixing; low interspersion represents little mixing
60. organisms that reduce animal carcasses and waste and dead plant material into nutrients
63. sluggish; not producing to potential
64. the surroundings that affect the growth and development of an organism including other plants and animals, climate and location
66. accumulation of dead grass and leaves on the ground
69. the arrangement of vegetation types or successional stages
72. a behavioral term that describes primary activity near dawn and dusk
75. successional stage occurring prior to climax stage, but further development is inhibited by some factor(s) other than climate
77. range the area used by an animal; usually described as the area that encompasses the daily, seasonal, and annual movements of an animal
78. lack of normal precipitation for an extended period of time; long period with little or no rain
79. plants adapted to dry conditions; often store water in leaves and other parts of the plant; usually have small leaves and thorns
82. area space or area represented by tree stems at 4.5 feet above ground; for example, a basal area of 60 square feet per acre means that of 43,560 square feet of available space (1 acre), tree trunks represent 60 square feet of that space 4.5 feet above ground
83. chain: step by step passage of energy and nutrients through an ecosystem; for example, clover—deer—mountain lion
84. an area with scattered trees maintained by fire and/or grazing
85. the process of tending and managing a forest
89. when referring to plants, those that complete their life cycle from seed to mature seed-bearing plant in one growing season
90. usually referring to soil high in available nutrients
91. replacement of one vegetation type or seral stage by another
93. a series of successional stages at a particular site, leading to a mature, climax community
95. a strip or block of cover that connects otherwise isolated areas for a particular wildlife species
96. plant-eating animal
97. elimination of solid body waste by animals
99. n. refers to the vegetation eaten by animals; v. to search for food
100. having harmful effects
101. litter dead and decaying organic matter found on the ground such as leaves, branches and dead plants

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1. stand: a contiguous area of trees of similar species composition, age and structure that can managed as a unit
2. plants that shed their leaves annually
3. plants that do not lose all their leaves at one time, including some conifers, but also many broadleaf trees and shrubs such as live oak and American holly
5. dry, receives little precipitation
6. referring to topography
7. plants that bear seeds in a pod; examples include lespedezas, clovers, soybeans, peas and black locust
8. usually used to describe the periodic movement to and from a breeding area; may also be used to explain other seasonal movements, such as altitudinal migration in elevation in response to snow cover and food availability
9. the natural breakdown and decay of dead plant and animal material
12. a meat-eating animal
13. usually refers to non-coniferous trees bearing leaves
15. chemicals used to kill or control the growth of 252 Wildlife Habitat Education Program undesirable plants
16. keeping something out of an area
17. behavioral term for fish that breed in fresh water, but mature in salt water, such as Coho salmon (see catadromous)
18. to vary, or rise and fall irregularly
20. an elevated, relatively level expanse of land; sometimes called table land
22. the plant community along with the animal community together with soil, air, water, and sunlight
23. the process of changing from one form to another
27. usually refers to planting trees in an area that was previously forested and recently harvested
28. the area adjacent to and influenced by a water source such as a creek, stream, river, pond, lake, swamp or other wetland
29. planting trees in an area that previously was not forested; for example, planting trees in a field coming out of agricultural production
30. the physical and biological resources (food, cover, water) required by a species within an area of sufficient size (space) for that species
34. where two vegetation types or seral stages meet
35. the plant or animal species that is the most common in an area
37. a type of organism whose members can freely interbreed with each other and genetically are very similar; do not necessarily interact or located together
38. residue left on the ground after trees are harvested
39. stage a successional stage in a sere
40. plant and animal species originating historically or migrating naturally to a particular ecoregion
42. cover: the amount of ground covered by the branches, leaves and stems of plants; can specify as herbaceous, shrub, tree or all canopy cover; expressed as a percentage
44. breaking down the protective coating on various species of seed allowing the seed to germinate; often facilitated by fire or digestion
45. chemicals required for plants and animals to grow and exist
47. capacity: the maximum population that an area can sustain without causing some type of damage; usually related to food, cover, water, or space for a particular species (biological carrying capacity), but the term is sometimes applicable to cultural limitations for humans
48. where two vegetation types or seral stages meet and blend gradually with characteristics of both communities represented
50. the winter den or shelter for various species
51. plant species that grow from a root system that remains alive more than two years
52. to supply or expose water with air to increase dissolved oxygen and release harmful gases
53. type: a community or assemblage of plants commonly found in association with each other
55. to make a cavity or hole
56. (compensatory and additive) – death of individuals
59. animals lacking a backbone; examples include insects, spiders, mollusks and crustaceans
61. microscopic animals that float/swim in water
62. plants: grasses, forbs, sedges, rushes and ferns; plants having soft rather than woody stems
63. usually refers to coniferous trees, though some deciduous trees such as red maple and aspen also have relatively soft wood
65. a measure of water clarity (or cloudiness) as influenced by suspension of sediment or other materials, but most often soil particles (usually silt or clay)
67. vegetation and other land features that provide areas for wildlife to hide, sleep, feed and reproduce
68. a hill that rises abruptly from the surroundings; sides are steeply sloped or with cliffs, and the top is nearly flat.
70. web: a complex network of food chains
71. an area that represents several interacting ecosystems; usually regional in reference
73. to replace lost or damaged parts with new tissue
74. the growth stage in a plant or plant part (like a leaf) from full maturity to death; old age
76. site where various mammal species, such as raccoon or river otter, habitually defecate or urinate
80. count a census method commonly used to monitor relative abundance of songbirds
81. occurring in a remote or other area where visibility is obstructed or reduced
84. rate: amount of land allotted to each animal for the entire grazable portion of the year
86. chemicals used to control insects
87. temporary; often seasonal; not long lasting
88. to water through diversion ditches and pipes
92. grass-like plant, often associated with moist areas and usually with triangular stems
94. usually refers to needleleaf trees that bear seeds in cones; examples include spruces, pines and firs
98. broad-leaved herbaceous plant

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4. 37) What substance is used to provide plants with essential nutrients for growth?
6. 80) What is the cultivation of crops for market sale?
9. 79) What is the first step in establishing a new farm or garden?
11. 51) What agricultural activity involves gathering crops or plants for food or other uses?
13. 35) What common issue can arise from the excessive use of heavy machinery on soil?
14. 57) What was the name given to the significant increase in agricultural production that occurred in the 1960s and 1970s?
16. 27) What is an important factor for plant growth that is determined by the soil's nutrient content and physical properties?
19. 42) What is a substance used to kill insects called?
20. 21) What is the term for the process of creating new land by filling or dredging a body of water?
23. 66) What is a common problem in households, restaurants, and supermarkets that contributes to environmental and economic issues?
25. 7) What farming management strategy uses technology to optimize crop yields, reduce waste, and increase efficiency by analyzing data on soil conditions, weather patterns, and other factors called?
27. 6) What is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop species in a given area, often in large quantities and for commercial purposes, called?
28. 67) What type of tourism involves visiting and staying on farms or agricultural areas?
32. 29) What is an important factor in determining plant growth and productivity?
34. 18) What is a farming technique that involves rotating the type of crops grown in a particular field over different seasons or years?
36. 4) What is the soilless method of growing plants using mineral nutrient solutions in a water solvent called?
39. 1) What is the practice of cultivating land, raising animals, and producing crops for human consumption and other purposes known as?
40. 33) What is a common cause of reduced crop yields in coastal regions and arid climates?
42. 50) What is a common agricultural practice involving water application to crops?
44. 71) What is a farming method that focuses on improving soil health, increasing biodiversity, and sequestering carbon while producing nutritious food called?
45. 8) What is the sustainable method of agriculture that emphasizes using natural fertilizers, biological pest control, and other environmentally-friendly practices to produce crops and livestock called?
47. 63) What is a term for a repository that stores and preserves seeds for future use?
49. 54) What agricultural practice involves the deliberate manipulation of plant genetics to produce desired traits?
51. 73) What is the topic of concern regarding potential hazards and risks related to food handling, preparation, and consumption?
54. 22) What is a common practice involving regulating and managing how land is utilized within a specific area?
55. 36) What common method is used to determine soil’s nutrient and pH levels?
58. 41) What is a substance used to kill or prevent the growth of fungi called?
60. 85) What is the practice of growing crops on a small scale?
65. 38) What is a natural fertilizer made from animal waste and decaying organic matter?
69. 28) What is important for maintaining a productive and sustainable agricultural system?
71. 31) what is the physical composition of soil called?
73. 30) What is the arrangement of soil particles and their tendency to clump together called?
74. 11) What is the term used to describe a type of farming where people grow crops and raise animals mainly to meet the basic needs of their own families or communities?
75. 77) What is the name of the transparent, odorless, tasteless liquid essential for all life on Earth?
76. 49) What is the term for domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting for the production of commodities such as meat, milk, and eggs?
77. 23) What is a term that refers to the legal or customary arrangements that determine how land is owned, used, and transferred?
78. 20) What is the term used to describe the process of deterioration in the quality of land, including soil, water, and vegetation, which can lead to reduced productivity and biodiversity loss?
79. 3) What is the sustainable farming technique that combines aquaculture (raising aquatic animals) and hydroponics (cultivating plants in water) in a symbiotic environment called?
80. 16) What farming system involves combining different agricultural practices such as crop cultivation, animal husbandry, and aquaculture to create a sustainable and self-sufficient farm?
81. 75) What is something that is used to protect, contain, and preserve food during transportation and storage?

Down

1. 43) What is a substance used to kill rodents?
2. 40) What is a substance used to control or kill unwanted plants?
3. 70) What is the term used to describe the process of transferring ownership and management of a farm to the next generation of family members?
5. 83) What is the practice of growing crops in low-density areas?
7. 53) What is a sustainable way to manage organic waste at home or in the garden?
8. 46) What term describes the industry that involves agricultural production and related business activities?
10. 15) What is the field of science that combines biology and technology to develop new methods of improving agricultural practices?
12. 68) What is a type of tourism that combines agricultural activities and environmental conservation called?
13. 17) What is the term used to describe the efforts and practices to prevent soil degradation and maintain soil health for future generations?
15. 48) What is the term for the practice of cultivating plants for food, medicine, and decoration?
17. 26) What is the term used to describe the ability of land to support various types of agricultural or non-agricultural activities?
18. 45) What is the abbreviation for Integrated Pest Management?
21. 64) What growing practice involves cultivating, processing, and distributing food within urban areas?
22. 52) What is an activity that involves putting seeds or young plants into the ground to grow?
24. 44) What type of pesticide is derived from natural materials and used to control pests while minimizing environmental and human health harm?
25. 5) What is the holistic approach to designing and maintaining self-sufficient, productive ecosystems inspired by natural ecosystems and traditional farming practices?
26. 19) What is the process by which soil is moved or washed away from its original location?
29. 59) What is a term used to describe the process of controlling and developing the use of land resources?
30. 78) What is a recommended technique for improving soil health and reducing weed growth in a garden or farm?
31. 12) What type of farming involves large-scale production for profit and often utilizes modern technologies and management techniques?
33. 25) What is the determining factor for determining the appropriateness of a piece of land for a specific use or activity?
35. 81) What is the practice of growing crops for personal consumption?
37. 72) What term refers to the process of starting and operating a business in the agricultural sector?
38. 62) What is a term for a domesticated, locally adapted plant or animal variety that has developed over time through traditional farming practices?
41. 65) What is a term that refers to the complex web of activities and actors involved in producing, distributing, and consuming food?
43. 13) What farming approach aims to maintain long-term productivity and ecological balance while minimizing negative environmental and societal impacts?
46. 24) What is the term used to describe the amount of output per unit of land in agricultural production?
48. 34) What is a key component of healthy soil that helps improve its fertility and structure?
49. 10) What is the agricultural practice of growing multiple crops, often of different species, in the same area to promote ecological diversity and productivity called?
50. 55) What is a sustainable agricultural approach that emphasizes ecological principles and local knowledge while rejecting the use of synthetic inputs and genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?
52. 32) What is the measurement that indicates the acidity or alkalinity of soil?
53. 2) What is the sustainable land use system that combines agriculture and forestry practices to create diverse, productive, and resilient landscapes called?
56. 59) What is a term used to describe the process of controlling and developing the use of land resources?
57. 69) What strategy can farmers use to increase their income and reduce their risks?
58. 76) What is the term for the transformation of raw ingredients into food products through various physical and chemical processes?
59. 14) What is the term for large-scale, intensive farming practices that use modern technology, machinery, and chemical inputs to maximize crop yields and efficiency?
61. 61) What term refers to the variety of life forms on Earth and the ecological roles they perform?
62. 47) What is the term for a structure designed to trap and retain heat commonly used in plant cultivation?
63. 58) What is the term for farming aquatic plants and animals in a controlled environment?
64. 9) What is the modern industrial method of farming that relies on synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and other technological interventions to maximize crop yields and profits called?
66. 82) What is the practice of growing crops in high-density areas?
67. 84) What is the practice of growing different crops in the same field?
68. 56) What is the term used to describe the condition where all people have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and preferences for an active and healthy life?
70. 74) What is the term for the information provided on a food product's packaging that describes the nutritional content and ingredients?
72. 39) What substance controls or eliminates pests, including insects and rodents?

Across

2. cover: the amount of ground covered by the branches, leaves and stems of plants; can specify as herbaceous, shrub, tree or all canopy cover; expressed as a percentage
4. a type of organism whose members can freely interbreed with each other and genetically are very similar; do not necessarily interact or located together
6. range the area used by an animal; usually described as the area that encompasses the daily, seasonal, and annual movements of an animal
8. plants adapted to dry conditions; often store water in leaves and other parts of the plant; usually have small leaves and thorns
10. count a census method commonly used to monitor relative abundance of songbirds
12. usually refers to non-coniferous trees bearing leaves
15. chemicals used to kill or control the growth of 252 Wildlife Habitat Education Program undesirable plants
17. usually refers to needleleaf trees that bear seeds in cones; examples include spruces, pines and firs
18. a hill that rises abruptly from the surroundings; sides are steeply sloped or with cliffs, and the top is nearly flat.
19. plant species that grow from a root system that remains alive more than two years
22. plain large, nearly level areas of land near ocean shores
28. plants: grasses, forbs, sedges, rushes and ferns; plants having soft rather than woody stems
31. a group of individuals of the same species living in a given area that interact with each other
32. where two vegetation types or seral stages meet and blend gradually with characteristics of both communities represented
33. an area with scattered trees maintained by fire and/or grazing
34. to water through diversion ditches and pipes
35. area space or area represented by tree stems at 4.5 feet above ground; for example, a basal area of 60 square feet per acre means that of 43,560 square feet of available space (1 acre), tree trunks represent 60 square feet of that space 4.5 feet above ground
37. replacement of one vegetation type or seral stage by another
41. chemicals required for plants and animals to grow and exist
43. to make a cavity or hole
44. the process of changing from one form to another
45. occurring in a remote or other area where visibility is obstructed or reduced
47. behavioral term for fish that breed in fresh water, but mature in salt water, such as Coho salmon (see catadromous)
49. usually referring to soil high in available nutrients
50. the arrangement of vegetation types or successional stages
52. species: a species in danger of becoming extinct
54. where two vegetation types or seral stages meet
56. planting trees in an area that previously was not forested; for example, planting trees in a field coming out of agricultural production
58. elimination of solid body waste by animals
61. type: a community or assemblage of plants commonly found in association with each other
64. to replace lost or damaged parts with new tissue
68. site where various mammal species, such as raccoon or river otter, habitually defecate or urinate
69. the process of tending and managing a forest
74. the surroundings that affect the growth and development of an organism including other plants and animals, climate and location
77. animals lacking a backbone; examples include insects, spiders, mollusks and crustaceans
80. keeping something out of an area
82. litter dead and decaying organic matter found on the ground such as leaves, branches and dead plants
83. the mixing of vegetation types or successional stages; high interspersion represents a lot of mixing; low interspersion represents little mixing
86. the winter den or shelter for various species
87. organisms that reduce animal carcasses and waste and dead plant material into nutrients
89. having thick fleshy leaves that conserve moisture
92. the natural breakdown and decay of dead plant and animal material
93. seed occurring naturally in the top few inches of soil
94. to vary, or rise and fall irregularly
96. a small fish, especially up to one year of age
97. (compensatory and additive) – death of individuals

Down

1. stand: a contiguous area of trees of similar species composition, age and structure that can managed as a unit
3. web: a complex network of food chains
4. grass-like plant, often associated with moist areas and usually with triangular stems
5. usually refers to coniferous trees, though some deciduous trees such as red maple and aspen also have relatively soft wood
7. the plant community along with the animal community together with soil, air, water, and sunlight
8. a strip or block of cover that connects otherwise isolated areas for a particular wildlife species
9. species plant or animal species with a disproportionate influence in its community relative to its abundance
11. plant and animal species originating historically or migrating naturally to a particular ecoregion
13. successional stage occurring prior to climax stage, but further development is inhibited by some factor(s) other than climate
14. plants that shed their leaves annually
15. plant-eating animal
16. capacity: the maximum population that an area can sustain without causing some type of damage; usually related to food, cover, water, or space for a particular species (biological carrying capacity), but the term is sometimes applicable to cultural limitations for humans
18. n. leaves and ends of twigs of woody species; v. to eat browse
20. the area adjacent to and influenced by a water source such as a creek, stream, river, pond, lake, swamp or other wetland
21. sluggish; not producing to potential
23. accumulation of dead grass and leaves on the ground
24. a behavioral term that describes primary activity near dawn and dusk
25. the physical and biological resources (food, cover, water) required by a species within an area of sufficient size (space) for that species
26. usually used to describe the periodic movement to and from a breeding area; may also be used to explain other seasonal movements, such as altitudinal migration in elevation in response to snow cover and food availability
27. chemicals used to control insects
29. declining in health and/or productivity
30. stage a successional stage in a sere
36. microscopic floating and suspended aquatic plants
38. breaking down the protective coating on various species of seed allowing the seed to germinate; often facilitated by fire or digestion
39. referring to topography
40. the plant or animal species that is the most common in an area
42. the growth stage in a plant or plant part (like a leaf) from full maturity to death; old age
43. plants that do not lose all their leaves at one time, including some conifers, but also many broadleaf trees and shrubs such as live oak and American holly
46. n. refers to the vegetation eaten by animals; v. to search for food
48. lack of normal precipitation for an extended period of time; long period with little or no rain
51. residue left on the ground after trees are harvested
53. in forestry, refers to young trees
55. to stimulate and return to good health and vigor
57. most often used in natural resources management to describe disruption of continuity of a vegetation or type community; for example, an interstate highway can cause fragmentation of a forest
59. a meat-eating animal
60. temporary; often seasonal; not long lasting
62. an elevated, relatively level expanse of land; sometimes called table land
63. rate: amount of land allotted to each animal for the entire grazable portion of the year
65. to supply or expose water with air to increase dissolved oxygen and release harmful gases
66. microscopic animals that float/swim in water
67. an area that represents several interacting ecosystems; usually regional in reference
70. an insect-eating animal
71. behavioral term for fish that breed in salt water, but mature in fresh water (see anadromous)
72. a measure of water clarity (or cloudiness) as influenced by suspension of sediment or other materials, but most often soil particles (usually silt or clay)
73. usually refers to planting trees in an area that was previously forested and recently harvested
75. an animal that eats both plant and animal material
76. having harmful effects
78. a series of successional stages at a particular site, leading to a mature, climax community
79. when referring to plants, those that complete their life cycle from seed to mature seed-bearing plant in one growing season
81. referring to trees and shrubs
84. chain: step by step passage of energy and nutrients through an ecosystem; for example, clover—deer—mountain lion
85. a plant with wide blade leaves such as an oak or cottonwood. Seeds are born from flowering parts in contrast to conifers which bear seeds in cones
88. to gather food in a systematic manner
90. vegetation and other land features that provide areas for wildlife to hide, sleep, feed and reproduce
91. plants that bear seeds in a pod; examples include lespedezas, clovers, soybeans, peas and black locust
95. dry, receives little precipitation
96. broad-leaved herbaceous plant

Across

1. A financial panic that gripped the United States in October 1907, triggering widespread bankruptcies and causing the stock market to lose half its value from the previous year. Staunched only by J. P. Morgan’s timely intervention, the panic eventually led to the creation of the Federal Reserve in 1913, marking the panic as the last time that a major financial crisis was resolved by private means.
4. (1855-1926) A tireless socialist leader who organized the American Railway Union in the Pullman Strike in 1894. Later convicted under World War I's Espionage Act in 1918 and sentenced to ten years in a federal penitentiary. A frequent presidential candidate on the Socialist Party ticket, in 1920 he won more than 900,000 votes campaigning for president from his prison cell.
6. Name applied by President Taft’s critics to the policy of supporting U.S. investments and political interests abroad. First applied to the financing of railways in China after 1909, the policy then spread to Haiti, Honduras, and Nicaragua. President Woodrow Wilson disavowed the practice, but his administration undertook comparable acts of intervention in support of U.S. business interests, especially in Latin America.
9. (1849-1914) Danish-born police reporter and pioneering photographer who exposed the ills of tenement living in his 1890 book illustrated with powerful photographs, How the Other Half Lives. His work led to the establishment of "model tenements" in New York City.
11. A system that allows voters privacy in marking their ballot choices. Introduced to the United States during the progressive era to help counteract boss rule.
15. (1859-1932) A tireless crusader for women’s and labor rights, Kelley was Illinois’s first chief factory inspector and a leader of the National Consumers League, an organization dedicated to improving working conditions for women and children. Kelley also went on to help found the NAACP.
18. (1838-1914) This noted naturalist split with conservationists like Gifford Pinchot by trying to protect natural "temples" like the Hetch Hetchy Valley from development. In 1892 he founded the Sierra Club, which is now one of the most influential conservation organizations in the United States. His writings and philosophy shaped the formation of the modern environmental movement.
20. A landmark Supreme Court case in which crusading attorney (and future Supreme Court justice) Louis D. Brandeis persuaded the Supreme Court to accept the constitutionality of limiting the hours of women workers. Coming on the heels of Lochner v. New York, it established a different standard for male and female workers.
22. A law passed by Congress to subject meat shipped over state lines to federal inspection. The publication of Upton Sinclair’s novel The Jungle earlier that year so disgusted American consumers with its description of conditions in slaughterhouses and meatpacking plants that it mobilized public support for government action.
25. A reform movement led by Protestant ministers who used religious doctrine to demand better housing and living conditions for the urban poor. Popular at the turn of the twentieth century, it was closely linked to the settlement-house movement, which brought middle-class, Anglo-American service volunteers into contact with immigrants and working people.
27. State-interventionist reform program devised by journalist Herbert Croly and advocated by Theodore Roosevelt during his Bull Moose presidential campaign. Roosevelt did not object to continued consolidation of trusts and labor unions. Rather, he sought to create stronger regulatory agencies to ensure that they operated to serve the public interest, not just private gain.
28. Following the shooting of two white men on August 13, 1906, residents blamed the African-American soldiers from the segregated 25th Infantry Regiment stationed at nearby Fort Brown. Despite only tenuous evidence linking them to the crime, President Theodore Roosevelt ordered the dishonorable discharge of more than 150 of the “buffalo soldiers,” stripping them of their pensions and barring them from employment in federal civil service jobs. Roosevelt’s actions disillusioned many African-Americans, who began to wonder if his progressivism stopped at the color line. In 1972 Congress belatedly exonerated the men, all but one of whom were deceased.
29. (1866-1945) Elected Republican governor of California in 1910, Johnson oversaw numerous progressive reforms, including the passage of woman suffrage at the state level. In 1917 he entered the Senate, where he proved an isolationist in foreign affairs. He is famous for declaring that "the first casualty when war comes is truth."
30. A progressive ballot procedure allowing voters to remove elected officials from office.
31. (1869-1930) Political thinker and journalist whose book The Promise of American Life (1910) influenced the New Nationalist reform platform of Theodore Roosevelt.

Down

2. (1857-1944) The most eminent woman in the muckraking movement and one of the most respected business historians of her generation. In 1904 she earned a national reputation for publishing a scathing history of the Standard Oil Company, the "Mother of Trusts." Two years later she joined Ray Stannard Baker, William Allen White, and other muckrakers in purchasing The American Magazine, which became a journalistic podium in their campaign for honest government and an end to business abuses.
3. The federal government allowed the city of San Francisco to build a dam here in 1913. This was a blow to preservationists, who wished to protect the Yosemite National Park, where the dam was located.
5. Law passed by Congress to impose penalties on railroads that offered rebates and customers who accepted them. The law strengthened the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887. The Hepburn Act of 1906 added free passes to the list of railroad no-no’s.
7. A progressive reform procedure allowing voters to place a bill on the ballot for final approval, even after being passed by the legislature.
8. (1865-1946) A friend of Theodore Roosevelt, Pinchot was the head of the federal Division of Forestry and a noted conservationist who wanted to protect, but also use, the nation’s natural resources, such as forests and rivers. In 1922 he won election to the Pennsylvania governor’s mansion on the Republican ticket.
10. On March 25, 1911, a ferocious blaze broke out resulting in 146 worker deaths. When it was later determined that the fatalities could have been avoided by adhering to proper fire codes—such as leaving the stairwell and exit doors unlocked—the incident sparked widespread outrage and inspired legislation to improve workplace safety.
12. (1839-1898) This pious leader of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union wished to eliminate the sale of alcohol and thereby "make the world more homelike." Her ecumenical "do everything" reform sensibility encouraged some women to take the leap toward more radical causes like woman suffrage while allowing more conservative women to stick comfortably with temperance work.
13. (1847-1903) A muckraking journalist and reform leader whose book Wealth Against Commonweath (1894) excoriated the sins of the Standard Oil Company. Lloyd became one of the leading intellectuals behind the progressive movement, influencing such figures as Clarence Darrow, Florence Kelley, and John Dewey.
14. While intended to lower tariff rates, this bill was eventually revised beyond all recognition, retaining high rates on most imports. President Taft angered the progressive wing of his party when he declared it “the best bill that the Republican party ever passed.”
16. Platform of reforms advocated by Woodrow Wilson in his first presidential campaign, including stronger antitrust legislation to protect small business enterprises from monopolies, banking reform, and tariff reductions. Wilson’s strategy involved taking action to increase opportunities for capitalist competition rather than increasing government regulation of large trusts.
17. (1857-1929) An eccentric Norwegian American economist who savagely attacked "predatory wealth" and "conspicuous consumption" in his most important book, The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899).
19. A law passed by Congress to inspect and regulate the labeling of all foods and pharmaceuticals intended for human consumption. This legislation, and additional provisions passed in 1911 to strengthen it, aimed particularly at the patent medicine industry.
21. A setback for labor reformers, this Supreme Court decision invalidated a state law establishing a ten-hour day for bakers. It held that the “right to free contract” was implicit in the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
23. A progressive reform measure allowing voters to petition to have a law placed on the general ballot. Like the referendum and recall, it brought democracy directly “to the people” and helped foster a shift toward interest group politics and away from old political “machines.”
24. (1855-1925) One of the most militant of the progressive Republican leaders. He served in the Senate and in the Wisconsin governor’s seat and was a perennial contender for the presidency, keeping the spirit of progressivism alive into the 1920s.
26. Bright young reporters at the turn of the twentieth century who won this unfavorable moniker from Theodore Roosevelt but boosted the circulations of their magazines by writing exposés of widespread corruption in American society. Their subjects included business manipulation of government, white slavers, child labor, and the illegal deeds of the trusts and helped spur the passage of reform legislation.

Across

4. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers. Impacts the connectivity and global supply chains as countries establish international suppliers and create trade networks to produce more profit(U7,CC).
6. The blending traits from two different cultures to form a new trait. This often results in an increase of centripetal forces as two groups have combined traits and adopted them into both their cultures(U3,IDK).
8. Theory concerned with the geographic location of economic activity. Like the Von Thunen Model, this theory demonstrates the relationship between different geographic factors affecting the economic activity of an area, leading to different amounts of farming at a particular location(U5,IDK).
10. A process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the boundaries. This term contributes to uneven development and centrifugal forces as it prevents a minority of a state from receiving financial aid and not being able to develop in an area while creating cultural differences between two areas(U6,CC).
11. Someone who has been forced to Migrate for Similar Political reasons as a refugee but has not crossed an International Border. An influx of these people in a country can indicate either social or political problems occurring in the country like ethnic cleansing or regulative laws that oppress a group too much but not being able to leave, can indicate either a poor level of development or another reason for them to stay(U2,CC).
13. The expansion of an area's economic base as a result of the basic and non-basic industries located there. The proportion of economic development in a country is impacted because of the expansion of industries and range for goods and services(U7,IDK).
15. A measure of statistical dispersion intended to represent the income distribution of a nation's residents. This can measure the wealth inequality within a nation and the overall dispersal development of a country's economy(U7,IDK).
18. The development of industries for the machine production of goods. This invokes economic development, advancements in transportation and communication in semi-periphery countries, and eventually funds the improvement of gender roles and sustainability in core countries(U7,VIT).
20. The development of cities in relation to the development of transportation and communication. It details the level of connectivity within a city and how cities adapt to changes in transportation and communication on a global scale to maintain economic growth(U6,VIT).
21. Knowing or using several languages. This can measure the level of migration and cultural diversity in an area. As people migrate to a country, more languages are spoken, and the cultural diversity increases which spurs increased social development(U3,IDK).
23. A country which is geographically separated from the main part by surrounding alien territory. Due to a lack of influence of the main country over this area, it could potentially lead to devolution and irredentism in the future(U4,IDK).
24. Redrawing of congressional and other legislative district lines following the census, to accommodate population shifts and keep districts as equal as possible in population. This can allow for the analysis of population demographics based on the newly drawn lines that represent similar areas of a country(U4,CC).
25. People who are being forced to leave their traditional lands due to persecution or material hardship within their society. This can indicate whether there is political or ethnic conflict that is either driving people away from the country via fear of either the conflict or ethnic cleansing(U2,CC).
26. The idea that if one land in a region came under the influence of Communists, then more would follow in a domino effect. This is important as it displays the diffusion of this idea based on the large connectivity of a country's network that impacts overall development in politics, potentially reforming the governance of a country(U4,IDK).
27. The practice of exporting U.S. jobs to lower paid employees in other nations. This aligns with Alfred Webers of location of industry theory as it sends jobs to regions of lower pay and allows for minimal cost of labor while getting specialized workers(U7,CC).
29. Extensive, treeless plains in South America. This area of land can be used for different forms of farming that are extensive or require substantial amounts of land, like pastoral nomadism or ranching. However, these areas can experience desertification due to overgrazing and a lack of forestry bring copious amounts of dust there(U5,IDK).
30. A collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago. This term is crucial as it depicts the connectivity between two regions that establishes similar cultural hearths and factors relating to ESPN(U3,CC).
34. The process by which people live and are employed in a city. This term is especially important as it details the growth of a city's economy, social and political factors, and environmental based on the expansion of the population and accommodation for new cultures(U6,VIT).
35. Type of migration that occurs within a country depends on how developed it is or what type of society it is. This model indicates the development of a country by detailing the movement patterns either towards or away from it, affecting the overall population dynamics and development of both countries involved(U2,IDK).

Down

1. The relationship between any phenomenon and the Earth as a whole – Correct viewpoint of the scale for data in specific areas is crucial to make comparisons of data, such as census data(VIT,U1)
2. The scattering of people who have a common background or beliefs. The effect of similar people scattering can lead to diffusion of their ideas via relocation or contagious diffusion but can create more ethnic enclaves as the areas where individuals flee to develop and the culture spreads(U2,IDK).
3. Tool demographers use to categorize countries' population growth rates and economic structures. This model enables geographers to compare the population dynamics of a country that contributes to the development of countries; expresses how the population grows which leads to conclusions towards ESPN(U2,VIT).
5. Manipulate the boundaries of (an electoral constituency) to favor one party or class. The effect of this is that it supports uneven representation of a voting populace as it groups together people in a method that gives an advantage or disadvantage to an electoral party(U4,CC).
7. A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history. This is significant to culture as it shapes the language of a region and the dialect it is spoken through, affecting part of the culture of that region and potentially international economy as well(U3,CC).
9. The sum total of knowledge, attitudes and habitual behavior patterns shared and transmitted by the members of a society. These patterns in a society reveal the overall diversity in the region which can contribute to the measuring of development in a country via a social aspect(U3,VIT).
12. Process used by firms to gather resources, transform them into goods or commodities, and finally, distribute them to consumers. This term can establish the process of production of products through the interdependence of multiple regions that establish networks to produce, manufacture, and sell products on a global scale(U5,CC).
14. A branch of geography that studies geographical influences on political systems and power relationships. This demonstrates how geography impacts the effect of different political boundaries and state shapes/types on nationalism, geopolitics, and international organizations(U4,VIT).
16. The continuous buying and selling of goods and services. Countries establish this to purchase products needed to keep the economy afloat and represent the end of the commodity chain, like a global functional region(U5,CC).
17. The application of ecological principles to agricultural systems and practices, or the branch of science concerned with this. This term applies to Unit 5 as the majority explains the practices and advancements that multiple agriculture revolutions, practices, and industrialization have had on environmental and economic aspects of a country(U5,VIT).
19. Areas that have been deserted in a city for economic or environmental reasons. Areas are like brownfields except they have been drained of resources that provided economic benefits and have yet to be restored(U6,IDK).
22. General applications of the regional framework for analyzing socioeconomic systems as they exist and develop in territorial-environmental systems. Identifies borders for different regions that can be used to compare qualitative data to make comparisons between two regions(IDK,U1).
28. Real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that black families will soon move into the neighborhood. This can contribute to uneven development as white flight occurs in an area that causes many residents to leave and abandon multiple economic facilities that could bring about substantial development in the region(U6,CC).
31. Group of satellites used to help determine a location anywhere on the earth's surface with a portable electronic device.This term can be used to determine the absolute or relative location of an area which can help determine distinctive features that affect population dynamics, agriculture, economics, etc(CC,U1).
32. Set of interconnected nodes without a center. It is important to observe the level of connectivity between the connected regions(IDK,U1).
33. A computer system for capturing, storing, checking, and displaying data related to positions on Earth's surface. It helps in observing the land use of an area and making comparisons to other regions based on this data(CC,U1).

Across

5. Areas that have been deserted in a city for economic or environmental reasons. Areas are like brownfields except they have been drained of resources that provided economic benefits and have yet to be restored(U6,IDK).
6. The scattering of people who have a common background or beliefs. The effect of similar people scattering can lead to diffusion of their ideas via relocation or contagious diffusion but can create more ethnic enclaves as the areas where individuals flee to develop and the culture spreads(U2,IDK).
7. A branch of geography that studies geographical influences on political systems and power relationships. This demonstrates how geography impacts the effect of different political boundaries and state shapes/types on nationalism, geopolitics, and international organizations(U4,VIT).
10. Real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that black families will soon move into the neighborhood. This can contribute to uneven development as white flight occurs in an area that causes many residents to leave and abandon multiple economic facilities that could bring about substantial development in the region(U6,CC).
15. Someone who has been forced to Migrate for Similar Political reasons as a refugee but has not crossed an International Border. An influx of these people in a country can indicate either social or political problems occurring in the country like ethnic cleansing or regulative laws that oppress a group too much but not being able to leave, can indicate either a poor level of development or another reason for them to stay(U2,CC).
19. Manipulate the boundaries of (an electoral constituency) to favor one party or class. The effect of this is that it supports uneven representation of a voting populace as it groups together people in a method that gives an advantage or disadvantage to an electoral party(U4,CC).
21. Type of migration that occurs within a country depends on how developed it is or what type of society it is. This model indicates the development of a country by detailing the movement patterns either towards or away from it, affecting the overall population dynamics and development of both countries involved(U2,IDK).
22. A collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago. This term is crucial as it depicts the connectivity between two regions that establishes similar cultural hearths and factors relating to ESPN(U3,CC).
26. Extensive, treeless plains in South America. This area of land can be used for different forms of farming that are extensive or require substantial amounts of land, like pastoral nomadism or ranching. However, these areas can experience desertification due to overgrazing and a lack of forestry bring copious amounts of dust there(U5,IDK).
27. The continuous buying and selling of goods and services. Countries establish this to purchase products needed to keep the economy afloat and represent the end of the commodity chain, like a global functional region(U5,CC).
28. The process by which people live and are employed in a city. This term is especially important as it details the growth of a city's economy, social and political factors, and environmental based on the expansion of the population and accommodation for new cultures(U6,VIT).
29. Tool demographers use to categorize countries' population growth rates and economic structures. This model enables geographers to compare the population dynamics of a country that contributes to the development of countries; expresses how the population grows which leads to conclusions towards ESPN(U2,VIT).
32. A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history. This is significant to culture as it shapes the language of a region and the dialect it is spoken through, affecting part of the culture of that region and potentially international economy as well(U3,CC).
33. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers. Impacts the connectivity and global supply chains as countries establish international suppliers and create trade networks to produce more profit(U7,CC).
34. The idea that if one land in a region came under the influence of Communists, then more would follow in a domino effect. This is important as it displays the diffusion of this idea based on the large connectivity of a country's network that impacts overall development in politics, potentially reforming the governance of a country(U4,IDK).
35. The development of cities in relation to the development of transportation and communication. It details the level of connectivity within a city and how cities adapt to changes in transportation and communication on a global scale to maintain economic growth(U6,VIT).

Down

1. The application of ecological principles to agricultural systems and practices, or the branch of science concerned with this. This term applies to Unit 5 as the majority explains the practices and advancements that multiple agriculture revolutions, practices, and industrialization have had on environmental and economic aspects of a country(U5,VIT).
2. A measure of statistical dispersion intended to represent the income distribution of a nation's residents. This can measure the wealth inequality within a nation and the overall dispersal development of a country's economy(U7,IDK).
3. Process used by firms to gather resources, transform them into goods or commodities, and finally, distribute them to consumers. This term can establish the process of production of products through the interdependence of multiple regions that establish networks to produce, manufacture, and sell products on a global scale(U5,CC).
4. The expansion of an area's economic base as a result of the basic and non-basic industries located there. The proportion of economic development in a country is impacted because of the expansion of industries and range for goods and services(U7,IDK).
8. A computer system for capturing, storing, checking, and displaying data related to positions on Earth's surface. It helps in observing the land use of an area and making comparisons to other regions based on this data(CC,U1).
9. Redrawing of congressional and other legislative district lines following the census, to accommodate population shifts and keep districts as equal as possible in population. This can allow for the analysis of population demographics based on the newly drawn lines that represent similar areas of a country(U4,CC).
11. The relationship between any phenomenon and the Earth as a whole – Correct viewpoint of the scale for data in specific areas is crucial to make comparisons of data, such as census data(VIT,U1)
12. Group of satellites used to help determine a location anywhere on the earth's surface with a portable electronic device.This term can be used to determine the absolute or relative location of an area which can help determine distinctive features that affect population dynamics, agriculture, economics, etc(CC,U1).
13. Knowing or using several languages. This can measure the level of migration and cultural diversity in an area. As people migrate to a country, more languages are spoken, and the cultural diversity increases which spurs increased social development(U3,IDK).
14. A country which is geographically separated from the main part by surrounding alien territory. Due to a lack of influence of the main country over this area, it could potentially lead to devolution and irredentism in the future(U4,IDK).
16. The blending traits from two different cultures to form a new trait. This often results in an increase of centripetal forces as two groups have combined traits and adopted them into both their cultures(U3,IDK).
17. Set of interconnected nodes without a center. It is important to observe the level of connectivity between the connected regions(IDK,U1).
18. General applications of the regional framework for analyzing socioeconomic systems as they exist and develop in territorial-environmental systems. Identifies borders for different regions that can be used to compare qualitative data to make comparisons between two regions(IDK,U1).
20. The development of industries for the machine production of goods. This invokes economic development, advancements in transportation and communication in semi-periphery countries, and eventually funds the improvement of gender roles and sustainability in core countries(U7,VIT).
23. The practice of exporting U.S. jobs to lower paid employees in other nations. This aligns with Alfred Webers of location of industry theory as it sends jobs to regions of lower pay and allows for minimal cost of labor while getting specialized workers(U7,CC).
24. A process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the boundaries. This term contributes to uneven development and centrifugal forces as it prevents a minority of a state from receiving financial aid and not being able to develop in an area while creating cultural differences between two areas(U6,CC).
25. Theory concerned with the geographic location of economic activity. Like the Von Thunen Model, this theory demonstrates the relationship between different geographic factors affecting the economic activity of an area, leading to different amounts of farming at a particular location(U5,IDK).
30. The sum total of knowledge, attitudes and habitual behavior patterns shared and transmitted by the members of a society. These patterns in a society reveal the overall diversity in the region which can contribute to the measuring of development in a country via a social aspect(U3,VIT).
31. People who are being forced to leave their traditional lands due to persecution or material hardship within their society. This can indicate whether there is political or ethnic conflict that is either driving people away from the country via fear of either the conflict or ethnic cleansing(U2,CC).