Across
- 1. de las casas, Spanish bishop who defended Indigenous rights
- 4. Crossing an ocean
- 9. Spanish system allowing colonists to demand labor from Indigenous people
- 11. de Soto, Explorer who crossed the Mississippi River
- 14. A group of the same species that share the same environment
- 15. To kill or destroy a large part of
- 16. Powhatan, Leader of the Powhatan Confederacy in Virginia
- 20. Navigation tool showing magnetic north
- 21. Control by one country over another territory's politics and economy
- 22. Renaissance focus on human potential and achievements
- 23. Form of government with unchecked power in one ruler
- 24. Capital of the Byzantine Empire, captured in 1453
- 26. xiv, The “Sun King” of France, model of absolutism
- 27. Process of worldwide integration and exchange
- 29. Powhatan woman who befriended Jamestown settlers
- 31. system, Ottoman practice of conscripting Christian boys into service
- 32. Head of the Roman Catholic Church
- 33. Elizabeth i, English queen who defeated the Spanish Armada and promoted exploration
- 35. the conqueror, Ottoman sultan who captured Constantinople
- 37. company, Company owned by shareholders who share profits and debts
- 39. reformation, Movement to reform the Catholic Church leading to Protestantism
- 43. zeal, Motivation for voyages to spread Christianity
- 45. He, Chinese admiral who led Indian Ocean voyages for Ming China
- 47. Amerindian peoples who inhabited the Caribbean when Columbus arrived
- 49. Last Incan emperor, executed by the Spanish
- 51. Connections between different things or people
- 55. ii, Aztec emperor defeated by Cortés
- 56. the navigator, Portuguese prince who promoted exploration of Africa
- 57. To remove the inhabitants from
- 59. Newport, Captain who brought the first settlers to Jamestown
- 62. Elite Ottoman infantry composed of former Christian slaves
- 66. john smith, Leader of Jamestown colony, saved by Pocahontas
- 67. Rolfe, Jamestown settler who developed tobacco cultivation
Down
- 2. Period of renewed interest in classical learning and human potential
- 3. Series of Christian holy wars for control of the Holy Land
- 5. A Spanish conqueror of the Americas
- 6. Pizarro, Spanish conqueror of the Inca Empire
- 7. A major motivation for European exploration
- 8. A long journey by sea or in space
- 10. empire, Muslim empire based in Turkey from 1300s to 1922
- 12. Economic policy focused on wealth through trade surplus and colonies
- 13. One who spreads religion to new regions
- 17. First permanent English settlement in North America (1607)
- 18. reformation, Catholic Church’s response to Protestantism
- 19. Dias, Portuguese explorer who rounded Africa’s Cape of Good Hope
- 25. To defeat
- 28. passage, Voyage bringing enslaved Africans to the Americas
- 30. A person or group who provides resources and support for a project
- 34. exchange, Exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between Old and New Worlds
- 35. system, Incan labor tax system
- 36. Francis drake, English explorer who circumnavigated the globe
- 38. armada, Spanish fleet defeated by England in 1588
- 40. Walter Raleigh, Sponsored Roanoke, the “Lost Colony”
- 41. An official representative of a country's government
- 42. of Tordesillas, 1494 agreement dividing new lands between Spain and Portugal
- 44. Native to a certain area
- 46. To travel for the purpose of discovery
- 48. point, A moment in history that marks a decisive change
- 50. Cortes, Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztecs
- 52. trade routes to Asia, Europe’s goal after the fall of Constantinople in 1453
- 53. Columbus, Discovered the Americas in 1492 while searching for Asia
- 54. Instrument using stars to determine latitude at sea
- 58. A journey made for a special purpose
- 60. da Gama, Portuguese explorer who reached India by sea in 1498
- 61. Machiavelli, Author of The Prince, who said “the end justifies the means”
- 63. hierarchy, The division of society by rank or class
- 64. Provide funding for a person or enterprise
- 65. polo, Venetian traveler whose writings inspired European exploration