Across
- 3. a step in cellular respiration that is located in the inner membrane of the mitochondria and only occurs when there is oxygen involved
- 6. type of inhibitor than binds to the allosteric site of an enzyme and alters the active site
- 9. a colorless fluid located in the chloroplast, surrounding the granum
- 10. process which releases energy from food or glucose using oxygen
- 11. molecule that absorbs light energy; chlorophyll in plants is considered this type of molecule
- 12. type of fermentations animals, humans and other bacteria use to help produce ATP; this process can make you sore after working out
- 13. type of fermentation yeasts use to make energy for the cell and the process causes bread dough to rise because of the production of carbon dioxide
- 16. the amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction
- 18. located in the mitochondria that contains the ETC and ATP synthase which produces ATP during cellular respiration
- 20. the area of the mitochondria where protons are accumulated; located between the outer membrane and mitochondrial inner membrane
- 22. reactions that involve the use of oxygen
- 27. the study of energy in the environment and the plants and animals that use energy
- 30. organisms that can produce their own food using the sun's energy (sunlight)
- 31. a type of carbohydrate and sugar that plants and animals need to start cell processes and cellular respiration
- 37. the light-collecting units of photosynthesis
- 39. organic molecules that bind to the active site of an enzyme to help catalyze reactions
- 42. type of inhibitor chemical that resembles the enzyme's normal substrate, and the inhibitor will compete with the substrate for the active site
- 44. a process where electron carriers accept two high energy electrons and carry them to another molecule, along with most of their energy; the electrons will lose some energy in the process
- 46. the series of enzymes that are used to get a final product that is specific
- 47. sac of membrane located in chloroplasts; photosynthesis takes place in the membrane of this sac
- 48. the sum of all chemical reactions and activities inside a living organism
- 49. stacks of thylakoids that are embedded in the stroma of a chloroplast
- 50. a step in cellular respiration in which a molecule of glucose is broken in half into 2 pyruvic acids
- 52. substances that are worked on by enzymes; they must fit on the active site of enzymes so that reactants can be brought together for reaction to reduce the energy needed for a chemical reaction to start
- 53. reactions that do not involve the use of oxygen
Down
- 1. one of the two parts of photosynthesis reactions that take place within thylakoid membranes and produce oxygen by splitting water
- 2. this happens when the enzyme has made too many products, and some of the products act as a noncompetitive inhibitor and attach to the allosteric site of an enzyme; this function helps the enzyme not waste energy and materials
- 4. the form of an enzyme that happens during the tiny period of time when the enzyme is joined to its substrates
- 5. a change in the shape of an enzyme's active site that is temporary; this happens so that the enzyme can bind to the substrate (induced by the substrate)
- 7. an organelle in plant and animal cells (eukaryotes) that cellular respiration takes place in
- 8. a metabolic reaction that consumes energy to build more complex molecules from more simple compounds; photosynthesis is an example of a reaction in the anabolic pathways
- 14. a step in cellular respiration that occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and only occurs if oxygen is present; this process includes the product of carbon dioxide
- 15. reactions involving a net release of free energy; it is also called exothermic reactions and releases energy spontaneously
- 17. pigment found in plants that make up the plants green color and is found in the thylakoid of chloroplasts
- 19. an enzyme located in the thylakoid membrane that allows hydrogen ions or protons to flow back out of the thylakoid
- 21. a non-protein chemical compound or ion made of metals (metallic ion) that help the enzyme catalyze reactions with certain substrates
- 23. organisms that can not use the sun's energy as food so has to consume food to survive
- 24. reactions involving a net consumption of or absorption of free energy; it is also called endothermic reactions and need a source of energy to occur
- 25. to increase the temperature or pH above or below photosynthesis enzymes' preferred temperature or pH; this can slow or stop photosynthesis from happening
- 26. one of the two parts of photosynthesis also called dark reactions or Calvin cycle; takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast and produces glucose using carbon dioxide
- 28. a condition where there are high concentrations of hydrogen ions inside and low hydrogen ions on the outside, which means that there is an positively charged inside and a negatively charged outside
- 29. a metabolic reaction that produces energy by breaking down complex molecules and compounds into simpler ones; cellular respiration is an example of a reaction is catabolic pathways
- 32. a molecule losing an electron that makes it more positive
- 33. area located within the mitochondria that have the right enzymes and suitable pH levels for the Krebs cycle to take place in
- 34. the membrane located in the chloroplast where light-independent reactions happen
- 35. a unit of measurement of light energy and is the energy that autotrophs absorb; also called a packet of light energy
- 36. a molecule gaining an electron that makes it more negative
- 38. catalysts that speed up chemical reactions that take place in a cell
- 40. molecules that bind with electrons and pass them from one molecule to another
- 41. when the hydrolysis and dehydration is coupled in ATP by transferring a phosphate group of one ATP to another molecule
- 43. process that helps cells make energy when no oxygen is present after glycolysis; the process is anaerobic; converts NADH back to NAD+ by giving away high energy electrons
- 45. substances that can speed up a chemical reaction; if catalysts are used, then the amount of energy needed to start the chemical reaction will decrease
- 51. modified nucleotide that stores energy and is used by many processes in the cell