Across
- 1. Adenine pairs with Thymine; Guanine pairs with Cytosine.
- 4. Sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein.
- 10. A sequence of three nucleotides on the messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid.
- 12. The type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis.
- 13. Bonds that form between the nitrogenous bases that form the "rungs" of the DNA ladder.
- 19. Single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose.
- 20. Incomplete segment of new DNA synthesized on the lagging strand.
- 21. A change to the DNA that results in a STOP codon appearing too early in the aminoacidsequence.
- 23. The form of RNA found in the ribosome.
- 24. The two strands of DNA are oriented in opposite directions to each other.
- 26. A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.
- 29. A sequence of three nucleotides on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon.
- 30. Relaxed DNA.
- 32. The process of activating and inactivating genes within a cell.
- 34. Condensed DNA.
- 35. A nitrogen-containing base found in RNA, but not in DNA.
- 37. An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.
- 38. A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates by means of Okazaki fragments, each synthesized in a 5' to 3' direction away from the replication fork.
- 40. A codon that signals to the ribosome to stop translation.
- 43. An enzyme that connects Okazaki fragments of DNA on the lagging strand.
- 44. Viral cycle where the virus may lay dormant within a cell for many years, then becoming activate, causing the host cell to start producing new virus.
- 46. Process by which the information in a gene is transcribed and translated into a protein.
- 47. When the DNA code is changed, but the new nucleotide sequence does not affect the final protein.
- 48. Shape of DNA.
Down
- 2. Expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein.
- 3. Enzyme that adds a short RNA sequence (the primer) to the DNA template strand; signals where replication should begin.
- 5. Synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template.
- 6. The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' to 3' direction.
- 7. Decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain.
- 8. Viral cycle that starts with infection and concludes with the cell dying as it releases new virus particles.
- 9. Enzyme that adds complementary nucleotides to the DNA template strand.
- 11. Gene mutation in which a single base pair in DNA has been changed.
- 14. An enzyme used by a retrovirus (HIV) to transcribe it's RNA back into DNA.
- 15. The enzyme that copies DNA into RNA.
- 16. Regions of DNA located at the tips of chromosomes.
- 17. Mutation that involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence, causing a shift in the "reading" frame of the genetic message.
- 18. A five-carbon sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides.
- 19. Copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA.
- 22. RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell.
- 25. A change in a gene or chromosome.
- 27. A five-carbon sugar that is a component of RNA nucleotides.
- 28. A codon that signals to the ribosomes to start translation.
- 31. a type of virus that has RNA as its genetic material (i.e. HIV).
- 32. A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific protein.
- 33. Building blocks of protein.
- 36. Kind of virus that infects bacteria.
- 39. a mutation in which one or more pairs of nucleotides are removed from a gene.
- 41. A building block of DNA.
- 42. A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.
- 45. Virus protein coat.