Across
- 8. Protestant queen of England whose forty-five-year reign from 1558 to 1603 firmly secured the Anglican Church and inaugurated a period of maritime exploration and conquest.
- 9. French Protestant dissenters, the Huguenots were granted limited toleration under the Edict of Nantes.
- 10. Decree issued by the French crown granting limited toleration to French Protestants. Ended religious wars in France and inaugurated a period of French preeminence in Europe and across the Atlantic.
- 11. Spanish fleet defeated in the English Channel in 1588.
- 15. Legal document granted by a government to some group or agency to implement a stated purpose and spelling out the attending rights and obligations.
- 16. Colonial governor who imposed harsh military rule over Jamestown after taking over in 1610.The colony of Delaware was named after him.
- 17. English joint-stock company that received a charter from James I that allowed it to found the Virginia colony.
- 18. English adventurer who took control of Jamestown in 1608 and ensured the survival of the colony by directing gold-hungry colonists toward more productive tasks. Also established ties with the Powhatan Indians through the chief's daughter, Pocahontas, who had "saved" him from a mock execution the previous year.
- 20. The Dutch colony, located in the Hudson River area, that was established by the Dutch West India Company.
- 21. English colonist whose marriage to Pocahontas in 1614 sealed the peace of the First Anglo-Powhatan War.
Down
- 1. English courtier and adventurer who sponsored the failed settlements of North Carolina's Roanoke Island in 1585 and 1587.
- 2. Translated as "runners of the woods," they were French fur-trappers, also known as "voyageurs" (travelers), who established trading posts throughout North America.
- 3. Sir Walter Raleigh's failed colonial settlement off the coast of North Carolina.
- 4. First permanent English settlement in North America founded by the Virginia Company.
- 5. Short-term partnership between multiple investors to fund a commercial enterprise; such arrangements were used to fund England's early colonialventures.
- 6. Movement to reform the Catholic Church launched in Germany by Martin Luther.
- 7. English sea captain who completed his circumnavigation of the globe in 1580, plundering Spanish ships and settlements along the way.
- 12. Bound together five tribes the Mohawks, the Oneidas, the Onondagas, the Cayugas, and the Senecas-in the Mohawk Valley of what is now New York State.
- 13. Along with Deganawidah, legendary founder of the Iroquois Confederacy, which united the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca tribes in the late sixteenth century.
- 14. Legal principle that the oldest son inherits all family property or land.
- 19. He supported overseas colonization, granting a charter to the Virginia Company in 1606 for a settlement in the New World. He also cracked down on both Catholics and Puritan Separatists, prompting the latter to flee to Holland and, later, to North America.