Across
- 3. Compounds produced after growth slows, e.g., antibiotics
- 4. Uptake of foreign DNA by bacteria
- 5. Strong chemical linking of enzymes to supports
- 7. Using organisms or enzymes to make useful products
- 9. Organism containing DNA from another species
- 10. Carrier used to transfer DNA into a cell
- 14. Closed-culture method with no added nutrients
- 17. Enzymes fixed to an inert support
- 18. Molecules made during normal growth phase
- 19. Using GM organisms to produce medical substances
- 22. Open-culture system with fresh medium supplied
- 24. Phase where microorganisms die faster than they divide
- 25. Microbial process used to produce substances in industry
- 26. Period of rapid microbial reproduction
- 28. Technique used to amplify DNA sequences
- 29. Enclosing enzymes in semi‑permeable membranes
- 30. Methods to prevent contamination of cultures
Down
- 1. Method to separate DNA fragments by size
- 2. Making multiple identical copies of a gene
- 6. Growing cells or tissues outside the organism
- 8. Enzymes secreted outside cells
- 11. enzymes Enzymes that act within cells
- 12. Small circular bacterial DNA used in genetic engineering
- 13. Growth period where cell division equals cell death
- 15. Using organisms to remove pollutants from environments
- 16. Enzyme that joins DNA fragments together
- 20. DNA formed by joining sequences from different sources
- 21. Immobilising enzymes within a gel matrix
- 23. Proteins that cut DNA at specific sequences
- 27. Initial period of microbial growth with little division