Across
- 3. A specialized protein that acts as a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.
- 4. The process where ribosomes use the mRNA sequence to build a specific protein.
- 9. the change in the heritable characteristics or genetic makeup (allele frequencies) of a population over successive generations
- 12. Cell division resulting in two identical daughter cells, used for growth and tissue repair.
- 13. A complex cell containing a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, such as plant and animal cells.
- 15. The maximum number of individuals of a specific species that an ecosystem can sustainably support.
- 16. The movement of molecules against a concentration gradient, which requires the use of energy (ATP).
- 18. The process of maintaining a stable internal environment despite external changes.
- 19. A specialized type of cell division that produces four non-identical gametes (sperm and egg cells).
- 20. The process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA within the nucleus.
Down
- 1. The building block of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), consisting of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base.
- 2. The physical appearance or visible traits of an organism resulting from its genotype.
- 5. Factor A non-living part of an ecosystem, such as temperature, sunlight, or water.
- 6. An organelle found in plant cells that is the site of photosynthesis.
- 7. The genetic makeup of an organism, represented by allele combinations (e.g., Bb).
- 8. The movement of substances across a cell membrane (like osmosis or diffusion) without the use of energy.
- 10. The mechanism of evolution where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
- 11. The organelle where aerobic cellular respiration occurs to produce energy in the form of ATP.
- 14. A simple, unicellular organism (like bacteria) that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
- 17. Factor A living or once-living part of an ecosystem, including plants, animals, and bacteria.