Across
- 3. Formal line of authority in an organisation that specifies who gives orders to whom and how decisions and information flow.
- 5. Manager takes all decisions in the business and expects to have their orders followed.
- 7. Visual diagram that shows an organisation’s structure, displaying roles, departments, and reporting lines so you can see who reports to whom.
- 11. Work arrangements allowing employees to vary when, where, or how long they work (e.g., flexitime, compressed hours, job sharing).
- 12. Senior leaders responsible for strategic direction, major decisions, and oversight of broad areas or divisions within the organisation.
Down
- 1. Number of subordinates a manager directly oversees; a wide span means many direct reports, a narrow span means few.
- 2. Involves employees in the decision-making process but the final decision is left to the leader.
- 4. Organisational model arranged in levels where authority/responsibility flow downward from senior management to junior staff; typically pyramid-shaped with clear supervisors/subordinates.
- 6. When employee loses their job because the business closes down or the work done by the employee is no longer needed.
- 7. Overall arrangement of roles, responsibilities, communication and authority in an organisation (e.g., hierarchical, flat, matrix), which shapes decision‑making and workflow.
- 8. Group of employees who have joined together to ensure their interests are protected.
- 9. When a trade union tells its members not to work in order to put pressure on employers to meet trade union demands.
- 10. Permanently reducing the number of people it employs.