Across
- 2. Immunoglobulin, protein family to which antibodies and B-cell receptors belong
- 3. recognition receptors: receptors on immune cells and epithelial cells that recognize and bind to PAMPs on microbes
- 5. Interferon: family name for cytokines that help cells to resist viral infections; type 1 interferons include IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, as distinguished from IFN-gamma.
- 8. Antigen presenting cell: a cell that is able to present antigen via MHC molecules to T cell receptors on T cells
- 10. Fragment with antigen binding: the part of an antibody (that can be isolated by protease digestion) responsible for antigen binding, consisting of the light chain and amino-terminal half of the heavy chain disulfide-bonded together
- 13. cell, B lymphocyte that upon activation can differentiate into plasma cells secreting antibody molecules or B memory cells
- 14. lipopolysaccharide: a cell wall component of gram-negative bacteria that can be bound by TLR-4 on macrophages and dendritic cells
- 15. Complementarity determining regions: the regions of the antigen binding loops of Ig molecules, antibodies, and T cell receptors that come into contact with antigen
- 17. Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs: amino acid sequence in cytoplasmic domains of membrane receptors involved in signal transduction
- 18. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes: CD8+ T cells with the effector function of targeting and killing virally infected cells and tumor cells by apoptosis
- 21. Human immunodeficiency virus
- 24. Antigen: a molecule that is recognized in native (original) structure by antibodies or B cell receptor, or a peptide that is presented by MHC molecules to T cell receptor
- 26. thymus-derived lymphocyte that are comprised of two different subsets, CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells
- 28. T-cell receptor: the Ag receptor on T cells
- 29. C-reactive protein: acute phase protein that binds to phosphocholine, a constituent of certain bacteria, that can trigger Complement activation and acts as an opsonin
- 30. Human leukocyte antigen: name of MHC gene complex and proteins in humans
Down
- 1. Dendritic cell: a type of APC that presents antigen in the context of MHC to T cells
- 2. immune response
- 4. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity: a mechanism NK cells use to induce apoptosis in virally infected cells or tumor cells
- 5. Interleukin: general designation of many of the different cytokines, chemical messengers secreted by immune cells that help in their communication with other cells
- 6. cell, Natural killer cell: large granular lymphocyte that serves as an innate effector cell by inducing apoptosis of target cells (virally infected cells or tumor cells)
- 7. Cell adhesion molecule
- 9. Mannose-binding lectin: soluble acute phase response protein that can bind mannose on pathogens; can activate the lectin pathway of Complement and acts as an opsonin
- 11. Antibody: immunoglobulin secreted by plasma cells
- 12. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the end stage of disease in HIV infection
- 16. Cell-mediated immunity: adaptive immune responses in which there is a major role for effector T cells
- 19. Toll-like receptor: a family of Pattern Recognition Receptors present on many leukocytes and epithelial cells that recognize PAMPs on pathogens and help initiate immune responses
- 20. Major histocompatibility complex: designation for a family of cell surface molecules involved in the presentation of peptide antigens to T cells
- 22. Membrane attack complex: the end product of the Complement cascade that can kill pathogens directly by forming a pore in the pathogen membrane leading to lysis
- 23. Highly active anti-retroviral therapy: multiple drug treatment for HIV infection
- 25. B cell receptor: sIg on B cells that binds Ag and transmits signal 1 to activate B cells.
- 27. Autoimmune regulator: a transcription factor that causes several hundred tissue-specific genes to be transcribed by a subpopulation of epithelial cells in the thymus