Across
- 1. Different degrees of shortening/ how the whole muscle reacts to stimuli.
- 3. attached to the immovable or less movable bone.
- 5. Epimysium blend into these sheetlike attachments to muscles indirectly to bone, cartilages or CT coverings
- 7. Each muscle fiber is enclosed in this delicate connective tissue sheath
- 9. (CP). High energy molecule found in muscle fibers but not other cell types.
- 11. If not enough oxygen or glucose is present during working muscles, & aerobic pathways cannot keep up, pyruvic acid (during glycolysis) is converted into this acid.
- 12. Move thumb to touch the tips of the other fingers on the same hand
- 15. Projections, also called myosin heads, that stud the the ends of the midparts of the thick filaments when they link the thick and thin filaments together during contraction.
- 16. No striations and involuntary. Found mainly in walls of hollow visceral organs such as stomach, urinary bladder and respiratory passages. Propels substances along a pathway.
- 17. (ACh). Specific neurotransmitter that stimulates the skeletal muscle cells
- 19. "Same measurement" or length.Muscles do not shorten. myosin myofilaments keep the tension in the muscles increasing. Ex: trying to lift a 400 lb dresser (and you can't).
- 26. Occurs when we exercise our muscles for too long.
- 27. Movement of bone around it longitudinal axis. Common in ball-and-socket joints.
- 31. Greater resistance to fatigue. Blood supply to muscles increases and individual muscle cells form more mitochondria and store more oxygen.
- 33. Moving a limb toward the body midline.
- 36. 1) Flame ignites twig/ Na+ diffuses into the cell 2) Flame spreads rapidly along the twig/ Action potential spreads rapidly along the sarcolemma
- 38. long ribbonlike organelles that nearly fill the cytoplasm by pushing the nuclei aside.
- 39. Opposite of flexion. Movement that increases the angle, or the distance, between two bones or parts of the body.
- 41. State of continuous partial contractions.
- 42. Center of the H Zone that contains tiny protein rods that hold adjacent thick filaments together.
- 43. Long, thread-like extension of the neuron, also called a nerve fiber.
- 44. Muscle fiber organelle. Specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Stores calcium and releases it on demand when the muscle fiber contracts.
- 46. The muscle that has the major responsibility for causing a particular movement
- 47. Flexion Depressing foot (pointing toes)
- 52. Specialized synergists. They hold a bone still or stabilize the origin of a prime mover so all the tension can be used to move the insertion bone.
- 53. stripes of fibers in skeletal muscle
- 55. Occurs in cytosol and does not use O2.. Pathway: glycolysis. Glucose is broke down to pyruvic acid and small amounts of energy are captured in ATP bonds.
- 58. Depolarization or "upset" generates this electrical current. Results in the contraction of the muscle cell.
- 61. Help prime movers by producing the same movement of by reducing undesirable movements
- 62. Epimysium blend into these strong and cordlike attachments to muscles indirectly to bone, cartilages or CT coverings
- 63. Muscles that oppose or reverse a movement
- 64. Tiny contractile units aligned end to end like boxcars in a train along the length of the myofibrils
- 65. Deficit/Debt Occurs during prolonged muscle activity, and when a person cannot take in enough O2 fast enough for muscles
- 66. lighter central area of the Dark A Band
Down
- 2. As ATP depletes, a high-energy phosphate group transfers from CP to ADP, regenerating more ATP in a fraction of a second. CP supplies are exhausted w/in <15sec
- 4. attached to movable bone and when the muscle contracts, the insertion moves toward the origin.
- 6. perimysium forms this bundle of fibers
- 8. The gap between nerve endings and muscle cells' membranes. Filled with tissue (interstitial) fluid.
- 10. Exercise Pit muscles against an immovable object. CT that reinforces the muscle increases.
- 13. Striated and involuntary. Found only in the heart.
- 14. dark midline interruption of the Light I Band
- 18. The point until Tetanic contraction is reached
- 20. Thin filaments. Anchored to the Z disc.
- 21. Structures within sarcomeres that produce the banding pattern.
- 22. One neuron and all the skeletal muscle cells it stimulates.
- 23. Movement generally in the sagittal plane that decreases the angle of the joint and bring two bones closer together.
- 24. Combo of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction commonly in ball-and-socket joints such as the shoulder. Proximal end of limb is stationary, while the distal end moves in a circle.
- 25. Occurs in mitochondria and uses O2. Pathway: oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose is broken down to CO2 & H2O. Is slow & requires continuous O2 & nutrients to muscle.
- 26. skeletal and smooth muscle cells that are elongated
- 28. Axon terminals form this junction with the sarcolemma of a different muscle cell.
- 29. Turning forward (radius around the ulna)
- 30. Chemical filled vesicles contained by the neuromuscular junction.
- 32. Moving a limb away (generally on the frontal plane) from the midline.
- 34. Tetanic contraction/ Muscle is stimulated so rapidly that no evidence of relaxation is seen and the contractions are completely smooth and sustained.
- 35. Several sheathed muscle fibers are wrapped by this coarser fibrous membrane
- 37. "Same tone" or tension. Myofilaments slide (the muscle shortens) and movement occurs. Ex: bending knee
- 40. Lifting foot so that the superior surface approaches the shin (standing on heels)
- 45. Gives muscle cell its striped appearance.
- 48. This occurs when the axon reaches the muscle and it branches out.
- 49. Gives muscle cell its striped appearance.
- 50. Turn sole of foot medially
- 51. Larger, thick filaments. Contain ATPase enzymes, which split ATP to generate the power for muscle contraction
- 54. soft or flabby
- 56. Turning backward (radius around the ulna)
- 57. binds fascicles together by this tougher "overcoat" of CT
- 59. Turn sole of foot laterally
- 60. waste away