Across
- 4. Response that involves B lymphocytes being activated by antigen and antibodies being produced by plasma cells.
- 6. The DNA sequence that codes for the antigen on a pathogen is altered and therefore the antigen is a different shape.
- 8. Viable pathogens that have been modified so that they do not cause disease but still cause an immune response.
- 9. Response that involves T-killer cells being activated and causing cell death by releasing perforin onto antigen presenting cells.
- 10. Immunity achieved when antibodies are passed to the individual through breast feeding or injection.
- 11. The second time an antigen is encountered. The memory cells divide by mitosis to produce active plasma cells and T killer cells within 2 to 7 days.
- 13. Immunity achieved through normal life processes, such as infection and breastfeeding.
Down
- 1. Antibodies produced by the same hybridoma cells. The antibodies can attach to a single antigen.
- 2. A test to identify if a patient has certain antibodies to a pathogen, which indicates they have been infected.
- 3. Achieved by a vaccination programme which provides immunity to all or almost all of the population at risk.
- 5. Antibodies cause pathogens to stick together and form a clump so they can no longer infect cells.
- 7. Type of immunity where the immune system is activated, and plasma cells produce antibodies.
- 12. Immunity achieved by medical intervention, e.g. vaccination, injecting antibodies.