Across
- 2. A chemical equation that shows the complete chemical formulas of reactants and products
- 3. Acids capable of donating more than one proton per molecule in a chemical reaction
- 5. A change in the state of matter without a change in its chemical composition
- 7. Regions within an energy level where electrons are likely to be found
- 8. The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree Celsius
- 10. Models that use electron pair repulsion theory to predict the three-dimensional shapes of molecules
- 12. he energy possessed by a system due to its position or configuration
- 14. Having a negative Gibb's Free Energy
- 19. The quantitative study of reactants and products in chemical reactions
- 21. Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements
- 22. Chemical reactions in which two or more substances combine to form a new compound
- 23. The overall energy change that occurs during a chemical reaction:
- 25. Electrons occupying the outermost energy level of an atom, determining its chemical properties
- 27. The tendency of a substance to evaporate or change into a vapor, particularly at low temperatures
- 28. The immediate environment and conditions affecting a chemical reaction or system
- 31. A technique used to study the energy levels of atoms and molecules by analyzing the energy of emitted photons
- 34. Describing forces or interactions that push objects away from each other
- 37. A model used to describe the arrangement of electrons in an atom, with electrons occupying energy levels or shells
- 40. A region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding an electron:
- 42. Occurring naturally without external intervention
- 44. A reaction where the rate of reaction is not influenced by the concentration of reactants, products, or catalysts
- 46. The negative logarithm of the acid dissociation constant
- 47. The property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force
- 49. The negative logarithm of the hydroxide ion concentration in a solution
- 50. Component dissolved in a solvent to form a homogeneous mixture
- 51. A chemical reaction that proceeds with a rate proportional to the concentration of two reactants
- 52. A chemical reaction involving only one reactant molecule
- 54. The measure of a fluid's internal friction and resistance to flow, often influenced by temperature and molecular size:
- 57. A measure of a chemical cell's voltage under standard conditions
- 60. Alloy in which some of the atoms of the main metal are replaced by atoms of other elements
- 61. The branch of physical science that studies the relations between heat and other forms of energy
- 62. A formula that indicates the types of atoms and the number of each type in a molecule
- 64. Chemical reactions involving the transfer of electrons between reactants
- 65. The speed at which a chemical reaction takes place
- 66. The tendency of a species to gain electrons and be reduced during a redox reaction
- 67. The change in enthalpy that accompanies the formation of one mole of a substance from its elements in their standard states
- 68. The highest energy state along the reaction pathway, where reactant bonds are breaking and product bonds are forming
Down
- 1. The repeating pattern of chemical and physical properties of elements in the periodic table
- 4. Acids that only partially ionize in solution, resulting in a weak acidic behavior
- 6. The sequence of individual chemical reactions that occur during the overall reaction process
- 7. The state where the rates of dissolution and precipitation of a solute from a solution are equal
- 9. A solid formed during a chemical reaction in a liquid solution
- 11. The fundamental constant representing the relationship between the energy of a photon and its frequency
- 13. The ratio of the concentrations of products to reactants in a chemical reaction at any point in time
- 15. A unit used in chemistry to represent an amount of substance, approximately 6.022 × 10^23 entities
- 16. Neutral subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom:
- 17. The complex interplay of intermolecular forces and temperature that governs the pressure exerted by a substance's vapor
- 18. The portion of the universe under investigation in a thermodynamic process
- 20. The distance between successive crests, troughs, or any other adjacent points in a wave
- 24. The rate at which products reform reactants in a chemical reaction
- 26. A homogeneous mixture formed by dissolving one or more substances in a solvent
- 29. The component of a solution that dissolves the solute
- 30. A substance that has a constant composition and distinct properties
- 31. A measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution
- 32. A covalent bond formed by the overlap of p orbitals above and below the plane of bonded atoms
- 33. Acid that can donate only one proton per molecule in a chemical reaction
- 35. A covalent bond formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals along the internuclear axis
- 36. A constant representing the product of the concentrations of the dissolved ions in a saturated solution of a sparingly soluble salt
- 38. The measure of energy transferred when a force acts upon an object over a distance
- 39. A species formed and consumed during the course of a chemical reaction, but does not appear in the overall reaction equation
- 41. A theory that describes the behavior of electrons in molecules in terms of their wave-like properties
- 43. Positively charged subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom
- 45. A model used to describe the behavior of electrons in atoms and molecules based on the principles of quantum mechanics
- 48. The state where no net transfer of heat occurs between a system and its surroundings
- 51. The maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a solvent under specific conditions
- 53. Acids that ionize completely in solution, producing a high concentration of H⁺ ions
- 55. Packets of electromagnetic energy that carry light
- 56. The substance upon which an enzyme acts in a chemical reaction
- 58. The process of determining the concentration of a solution by reacting it with a solution of known concentration
- 59. Groups of atoms held together by chemical bonds
- 63. A solution of known concentration used to determine the concentration of another solution