Across
- 3. A disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin C, which affected many sailors during long sea voyages in the Age of Exploration.
- 6. The chief of the Powhatan Confederacy, a group of Native American tribes in Virginia encountered by the Jamestown settlers.
- 10. An economic system based on the theory that a nation's wealth and power depend on its ability to accumulate gold and silver by exporting more than it imports and establishing colonies as sources of raw materials and markets.
- 11. A small, highly maneuverable sailing ship developed by the Portuguese in the 15th century, crucial for long-distance exploration.
- 12. French Protestants who faced persecution in France and sought religious freedom, some of whom settled in the Americas, particularly in Florida and South Carolina.
- 15. A Mesoamerican civilization that flourished in central Mexico in the 14th to 16th centuries until it was conquered by Hernán Cortés in 1521.
- 17. The first permanent English settlement in North America, established in 1607 in present-day Virginia.
- 18. A system of labor established by the Spanish in the Americas, where Spanish settlers were granted land and native laborers in exchange for converting them to Christianity.
- 19. A French settlement founded by Samuel de Champlain in 1608, serving as the capital of New France and an important center of the fur trade.
- 20. English Separatists who migrated to North America in 1620, seeking religious freedom and establishing Plymouth Colony.
- 21. A Spanish conqueror or explorer, particularly those who sought to conquer the indigenous peoples of the Americas in the 16th century.
Down
- 1. A Spanish conquistador who led the conquest of the Inca Empire in Peru in the 16th century.
- 2. The practice of owning and exploiting individuals as property, which became a significant aspect of labor in the Americas, particularly in plantation economies.
- 4. An ancient Native American city located near present-day St. Louis, Missouri, which was the largest urban center in the pre-Columbian Americas north of Mexico.
- 5. A Native American woman belonging to the Powhatan tribe, known for her association with the Jamestown settlement and her role in facilitating relations between the Powhatan Confederacy and the English colonists.
- 7. A group of indigenous peoples of the Caribbean encountered by Christopher Columbus during his voyages in the late 15th century.
- 8. Large agricultural estates primarily producing cash crops such as tobacco, sugar, and cotton, often worked by enslaved laborers.
- 9. An Italian explorer and navigator after whom America was named, who made several voyages to the Americas in the late 15th and early 16th centuries
- 13. A type of corn that was one of the staple crops of Native American agriculture in the Americas, including present-day Mexico and the southwestern United States.
- 14. An early English settlement in present-day North Carolina, often referred to as "The Lost Colony" due to its mysterious disappearance in the late 16th century.
- 16. A treaty signed in 1494 between Spain and Portugal, dividing the newly discovered lands outside Europe between them along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands (off the west coast of Africa.