Across
- 6. Founder of the Ayyubids who retook Jerusalem.
- 7. Slave-soldier ruling class of Egypt.
- 8. French king captured in Egypt.
- 10. Last Crusader stronghold captured in 1291.
- 13. 1260 battle against the Mongols.
Down
- 1. Muslim concept of holy struggle.
- 2. Ayyubid capital in Egypt.
- 3. Eurasian ethnic origin of many Mamluks.
- 4. Mongol ruler who invaded Syria.
- 5. Mamluk conqueror of Crusader cities.
- 9. Abbasid capital destroyed in 1258.
- 11. Mamluk sultan at Ayn Jalut.
- 12. Institution funded by Islamic endowments.