Across
- 2. acronym for a group of genes that encode cell surface proteins essential for the immune system's recognition of self and non-self antigens, facilitating immune responses.
- 4. antigen that can specifically bind to and activate a particular immune cell, such as a T or B cell, eliciting an immune response.
- 7. specialized proteins produced by B cells that recognize and neutralize specific pathogens or foreign substances in the body, playing a crucial role in immune defense.
- 10. short chains of amino acids, essential components in the immune system, involved in various immune responses and signaling pathways (plural).
- 11. an acronym that refers to a process in the immune system where T cells, after repeated activation, undergo programmed cell death to maintain immune homeostasis and prevent excessive immune responses.
- 14. the controlled suppression or reduction of the immune response, often to prevent excessive inflammation or autoimmunity.
- 16. selection type that allows the survival and maturation of T cells that can interact with self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules.
- 17. type of white blood cell critical to the immune system, responsible for recognizing and responding to specific antigens, contributing to immune responses.
- 19. primary lymphoid organ in the immune system responsible for the maturation and selection of T cells, crucial for adaptive immune responses.
- 20. state of immune unresponsiveness or tolerance, where lymphocytes fail to respond to specific antigens.
- 22. antigen type that refers to proteins or molecules within the body that are recognized by the immune system as belonging to the host organism, distinguishing them from foreign substances.
- 24. type of white blood cell that circulates in the bloodstream and, upon entering tissues, differentiates into macrophages or dendritic cells to contribute to immune responses.
- 25. T cell type classified as mature T lymphocytes that have not encountered and responded to their specific antigen, and they circulate in the bloodstream in a ready-to-respond state.
Down
- 1. process by which cells, such as macrophages, engulf and digest foreign particles, pathogens, and cellular debris to eliminate potential threats in the body.
- 3. the intentional enhancement or stimulation of the immune response to improve its effectiveness against pathogens or abnormal cells.
- 5. selection type that eliminates T cells that strongly react to self-antigens, preventing the development of potentially harmful autoimmune responses.
- 6. immune cells that play a crucial role in phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and immune regulation within the body.
- 8. type of protein that plays a crucial role in antigen presentation by interacting with T cells, providing co-stimulatory signals that regulate T cell activation and immune responses.
- 9. small signaling protein that plays a crucial role in immune responses by guiding the movement of immune cells to specific locations in the body.
- 12. substances originating outside the body, particularly in the context of antigens introduced from external sources.
- 13. a cellular process within the immune system that involves the degradation and recycling of cellular components to maintain cellular homeostasis and eliminate damaged or dysfunctional organelles.
- 15. antigen type that is a substance originating outside the body, such as a pathogen or non-self molecule, capable of triggering an immune response upon entering the organism.
- 18. T cell type that coordinate and regulate immune responses by interacting with other immune cells and releasing signaling molecules known as cytokines.
- 20. acronym for a type of immune cell that captures, processes, and presents antigens to activate other immune cells, such as T cells.
- 21. substances or processes originating from within the body, typically referring to antigens produced internally.
- 23. condition in which the immune system mistakenly targets and attacks the body's own tissues and cells, leading to inflammation and potential damage.