Across
- 5. Listeners adapt easily to accents
- 6. bidirectional influence between two or more language competences; a common characteristic of bilingual speech that is manifested in different ways
- 8. each language represented in separate systems
- 9. Back-frontal cortical development in infants
- 13. unbalanced degree of proficiency and behavioral performance across language competences
- 14. L1 and L2 are used in different contexts
- 17. identical items are represented in a single underlying neural substrate common to both, but different items have own-language representations
- 18. Bilinguals seem to recruit cognitive control networks associated with the processing of effortful speech and executive functioning
- 19. L1 and L2 share contextual frames
- 20. local switching "my laptop no function"
- 21. undifferentiated representations
Down
- 1. bilinguals exposed to L2 at an older age
- 2. global switching across full language competences
- 3. a similar degree of proficiency and behavioral performance
- 4. context-specific selection of language norms; common in coordinated bilinguals
- 7. systematic deviation of a particular native speech norm; Determined by phonetic differences and similarities between the native norm of the foreign-accented speaker and the native listener; Phonetically-based speech distortion
- 10. of primary perceptual cues from the dominant language background; Very common in unbalanced early bilinguals and long-term immigrants
- 11. bilinguals exposed to L2 since a young age
- 12. top-down controlled and can be modulated by language dominance. It is typically more effortful to switch back to the dominant language (L1)
- 15. larger language system contains two subsystems
- 16. of secondary perceptual cues; common in unbalanced late bilinguals