Across
- 1. these are often bound to invading cells and result in the further stimulation of complement.
- 3. both vertebrates and invertebrates have this kind of immunity.
- 10. tlr3 recognizes this in viruses.
- 12. this substance is released by mast cells to increase vasodilation, and therefore endothelium permeability.
- 15. granulocytes which use destructive enzymes during allergic and helminth responses.
- 17. the skin and stomach both possess this chemical quality, which inhibits microbial growth.
- 18. agents that possess disease-causing potential
- 20. ___ shock is caused by an overwhelming inflammatory response which is life threatening. carries a 40% mortality rate.
- 23. prevalence of this STI is often associated with an early life deficiencies of certain complement proteins.
- 24. systemic inflammatory response caused by substances which macrophages release.
- 25. these cells phagocytize foreign substances and release antimicrobial peptides as part of invertebrate immunity.
- 30. the only group which possess adaptive (acquired) immunity.
- 31. this bacterial structure can prevent phagocytic cells from recognizing surface molecules on bacteria.
- 32. tlr5 recognizes this on bacteria.
- 37. unlike invertebrates, vertebrates have both lymph and this.
- 38. a group of around 30 proteins which are activated by substances on microbial surfaces.
- 39. these molecules are released by macrophages and neutrophils to promote blood flow to the site of an injury or infection.
- 40. a type of lymphocyte which circulates throughout the body, detecting abnormal cells and triggering apoptosis.
- 41. molecular pattern or structure common to all microbes of a certain category. could be found on a virus, bacterium, or other.
- 42. receptor protein found on innate immune cells.
- 43. activation of complement can lead to this for invading cells.
Down
- 2. pattern recognition receptors do this to pattern-associated molecular patterns.
- 4. this chitinous structure serves as the first barrier against infection for insects.
- 5. proteins of innate defense which interfere with viruses and stimulate macrophages.
- 6. skin, mucous membranes, and secretions are all examples of this kind of defense.
- 7. granulocytes that circulate in the blood and are attracted to signals from infected tissue.
- 8. apart from animals, innate immunity is also found in these organisms.
- 9. in vertebrates, innate immunity is a rapid and ___ response.
- 11. chronic inflammation is thought to be linked to this.
- 13. agranulocytes which originate from monocytes. found throughout the body.
- 14. phagocytes, NK cells, and inflammation are all examples of this kind of defense.
- 16. tlr4 recognizes this on bacteria.
- 19. this infection, caused by a microbe in the mycobacterium genus, involves bacteria which are resistant to breakdown within lysosomes of phagocytes.
- 21. this physiological response is unique to the innate defenses of vertebrates.
- 22. we understand the most about the immune systems of these types of vertebrates.
- 26. this is an example of a pattern recognition receptor. phagocytic cells use them to recognize pathogens.
- 27. the "first responders" to an infection. squeeze through endothelium. die after phagocytosis.
- 28. describing agranulocytes which use long "arms" to present antigens. stimulate the development of adaptive immunity.
- 29. a fluid rich in white blood cells, destroyed pathogens, and cell debris.
- 33. breaks down bacterial cell walls in an insects digestive tract. Also found in saliva and tears.
- 34. this barrier defense traps microbes and allows for their removal from the body.
- 35. the fluid which circulates through an arthropod's body.
- 36. neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils, and dendritic cells all constitute this component of innate immunity.
- 39. cells lacking MHC I surface expression could be this.