Across
- 4. the conversion of CO2 and RuBP into 3-PGA.
- 6. NADPH donates electrons to an intermediate three-carbon molecule in the cycle to produce G3P
- 9. The main cells in leaves that photosynthesise
- 10. plants that made 3-carbon compounds, they lose a lot of water through their open stomata
- 14. Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
- 18. A diesel substitute produced by extracting and chemically altering oil from plants
- 19. input of light independent stage
- 20. Used for improving efficiency, physical tolerance, disease resistance, chemical resistance, enhance, etc
- 23. second stage of cellular respiration, in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions
- 25. The binding of oxygen to Rubisco
- 26. how many times must the calvin cycle occur to produce glucose?
- 27. main site of photosynthesis in plants & have a large surface area to maximise the amount of light hitting the surface
- 30. stacks of thylakoids
- 31. process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates
- 33. A specific reactant acted upon by an enzyme
- 35. Organisms that are able to make their own food
- 36. steps of the light independent stage
- 37. catalyses reactions
- 39. An electron carrier involved in photosynthesis.
- 41. Second stage of photosynthesis. Occurs in the stroma of the chloroplasts. Involves using ATP, reduced NADP and carbon dioxide to make organic molecules.
- 43. pi
- 44. An activity that does not change atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Creates and removes the same amount.
- 45. number of molecules needed to enter the calvin cycle to produce glucose
- 48. Chloroplasts contains a photosynthetic pigment known as
- 49. take up water from the soil and transported through the xylem to photosynthesising cells
Down
- 1. Main energy source that cells use for most of their work
- 2. Renewable organic material that comes from plants and animals
- 3. input of the light dependent stage, output of light independent stage, output of aerobic respiration
- 5. an output of the light dependent stage
- 7. the first stage of photosynthesis
- 8. plants that close their stomata during the day to prevent water loss and their Calvin Cycle occurs in the night
- 11. the RuBP molecules needed to start the cycle again are reproduced.
- 12. C6H12O6. Heterotrophs obtain glucose from their food. Broken down from complex carbohydrates. Autotrophs produce glucose through photosynthesis
- 13. The chemical breakdown of carbohydrates that produces lactic acid as the main end product.
- 15. plants that make 4-carbon compounds, they lose about half as much water as C3 plants and can grow fast, but they must have heat and dry season
- 16. an alcohol fuel made from crops like corn and sugarcane in a process of fermentation and distillation
- 17. A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.
- 21. location of light independent stage
- 22. Fuel from organic sources (biomass)
- 24. The use of yeast to break down sugars. When in an anaerobic environment, some cells can use glycolysis and fermentation to keep producing ATP.
- 28. location of light dependent stage
- 29. Enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP, or ribulose bisphosphate).
- 32. open to allow carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to diffuse into the leaf and close to prevent water loss from the leaf
- 34. A metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions
- 38. the use of an electron acceptor other than oxygen to complete metabolism using electron transport-based chemiosmosis
- 40. protein structure level of rubisco
- 42. Water, temperature, light intensity, and carbon dioxide
- 46. Producing ATP with oxygen by breaking down glucose (36-38 ATP); occurs in the mitochondria
- 47. contains Membrane, granum (stacks of thylakoids), and stroma (fluid filled empty space)