Across
- 3. a solution with a higher concentration of solute than a cell, so water flows from the cell to the environment
- 4. the angle of the bonds makes a water molecule ______
- 11. when a solute is surrounded by a shell of solvent molecules
- 12. a special type of solvation where the solvation shell is water
- 15. solution in which water is a solvent
- 17. a molecule that exhibits both polar and nonpolar properties, such as SDS with its polar head and hydrocarbon tail
- 18. the upper limit of minerals in water, increases in higher temperatures
- 21. an atom of oxygen has ________ electrons, two of which bind covalently to hydrogen in a molecule of water
- 24. high in water, thus water takes longer to evaporate than other liquids and also contributes to the cooling sensation of sweating
- 25. a long, unbranched molecule made of carbons and hydrogen, nonpolar
- 26. molecules that dissosiate readily in water to form ions, such as NaCl
- 27. a force of attraction between hydrogen and a negitive species, exists in water, DNA between base pairs, and more
- 28. water is a good _____ because water’s polar structure allows it to dissolve inorganic nutrients and makes them accessible to organisms
- 30. a common molecule that has polar covalent bonds, but does not have a dipole
- 33. diffusion of water across a membrane from a higher concentration to a lower concentration
- 34. heat the amount of heat added in order to raise the temperature by 1°C, high value in water
Down
- 1. substances without charge, immiscible with water
- 2. water is not a tetrahedron because the partially negative lone pairs of oxygen have strong _____ to each other, and reduce the angle between the H-O-H bond to 104.5
- 3. exclusion of nonpolar molecules by water, important to protein folding
- 5. a solution with a lower concentration of solute than solute within a cell, thus water flows into the cell
- 6. term for a molecule with an uneven distribution of charge, even if the species is neutral
- 7. a molecule that is both hydrophobic and hydrophilic
- 8. a phenomenon where the diffusion rate of molecules in cells is much slower than their rate of diffusion in pure water
- 9. a measure of how an aqueous solution will attract evenmore water, decreases (negative) with a higher solute concentration and is measure in MPa.
- 10. the tendency of an atom to pull electrons towards itself, stronger in oxygen than in hydrogen
- 13. Water at 4°C is at its _________, which means that water near the bottom of bodies of water should be this temperature
- 14. thermal property of water that rises when compounds are dissolved in it or lowers at higher elevation
- 16. thermal property of water that drops below 0°C when compounds are dissolved in it
- 19. the shape of water molecules in ice crystals is _____ with bond angles of 109.5°
- 20. water resists changes in ______ as a change from 98°C to 99°C uses less energy than a change from 99°C to 100°C _______ depends on energy, pressure, elevation, dissolved compounds, etc.
- 22. a type of bond that exists in water molecules due to the difference in electronegativity between O and H
- 23. the oxygen atom in water has two _______ that are partially negative and are sp3 hybridized
- 29. a spherical structure formed by amphipathic molecules when submersed in water
- 31. net flow of water in and out of a cell is 0 in a ______ solution
- 32. an atom or group of atoms that can be charged negatively or positively
- 35. the maxium amount of hydrogen bonds that a molecule of water can participate in