Across
- 3. / a biological catalyst, typically a protein, that speeds up specific chemical reactions in living organisms without being consumed in the process
- 5. / a diverse group of organic compounds characterized by their insolubility in water, serving crucial roles in energy storage (like fats), cell membrane structure (phospholipids), and acting as hormones (steroids)
- 10. / a membrane-bound organelle found in cells of plants, fungi, protists, and some animals, acting as a compartment for storage and waste disposal
- 11. / a cellular machine made of RNA and protein that synthesizes proteins by reading genetic instructions from mRNA and linking amino acids together
- 12. / the study of living things
- 13. / complex organic compounds composed of amino acids, which are linked together in long chains.
- 14. / membrane-bound organelles found in nearly all eukaryotic cells, known as the "powerhouses" of the cell
- 18. / an organelle that contains the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll that captures sunlight and converts it into useful energy, thereby, releasing oxygen from water. “
- 20. Acid / a large molecule (macromolecule) made of many repeating units called nucleotides
- 21. / the basic membrane-bound unit that contains the fundamental molecules of life and of which all living things are composed.
- 23. Membrane / a flexible, selectively permeable barrier that surrounds every living cell, controlling the passage of substances in and out of the cell to maintain its internal environment.
Down
- 1. Site / a specific region on an enzyme where its specific substrate binds and the chemical reaction occurs, leading to the formation
- 2. Reticulum / a vast, interconnected network of membranes within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, essential for protein and lipid synthesis, modification, and transport
- 4. Apparatus / a cellular organelle composed of a stack of flattened membrane-bound sacs, or cisternae, responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles
- 6. / a small, individual molecule that serves as a repeating building block for a larger, complex molecule called a polymer.
- 7. / organic compounds that serve as a primary source of energy for living organisms.
- 8. transport / the movement of substances across a cell membrane that does not require cellular energy (ATP) and occurs naturally down a concentration gradient, from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
- 9. / the chemical process where small molecules called monomers link together to form large, chain-like molecules known as polymers
- 15. / the passive diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration (higher water concentration) to an area of higher solute concentration (lower water concentration)
- 16. / a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells that acts as the cell's command center, containing the cell's hereditary material (DNA) and controlling the cell's growth and reproduction by regulating gene expression
- 17. Transport / a cellular process that moves molecules across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient, meaning from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration
- 19. Wall / a semi-rigid thick protective structure that surrounds the cell membrane of some types of cells for protection and defining the shape of the cell.
- 22. / a membrane-bound organelle within eukaryotic cells that contains digestive enzymes, acting as the cell's waste disposal and recycling system