Across
- 3. changes in the DNA sequence that can occur spontaneously or as a result of exposure to environmental factors, and can sometimes lead to genetic disorders or evolution
- 5. the stage of the cell cycle when a cell is not actively dividing, but is carrying out normal functions and preparing for division
- 7. a term used to describe a genetic trait that is only expressed in an organism's phenotype when two copies of the gene are present
- 8. one of the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA, which pairs with cytosine
- 12. the stage of mitosis where the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell, ready to be separated into two new cells
- 13. describing an inheritance pattern involving one/two genes, respectively, and their alleles, which determines the traits of offspring based on the combination of alleles inherited from their parents
- 14. the process in which genetic information from DNA is copied into RNA
- 16. the two phases of interphase in which a cell grows and carries out normal metabolic functions, and prepares for DNA replication and cell division
- 18. the stage of mitosis during which the sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite ends of the cell by the spindle fibers
- 20. the building blocks of DNA and RNA, consisting of adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine/uracil
- 21. one of the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA, which pairs with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA
- 22. nitrogenous base in DNA that pairs with adenine
- 25. describing the pairing of nitrogenous bases in DNA or RNA, where adenine pairs with thymine/uracil, and guanine pairs with cytosine
- 27. the final stage of the cell cycle where the cell's cytoplasm divides in two, resulting in two new daughter cells
Down
- 1. a molecule that is one of the building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, and is also a component of the cell membrane and ATP
- 2. one of the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA, which pairs with guanine
- 4. the first stage of mitosis, during which chromatin condeses into visible chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the spindle apparatus begins to form
- 6. describing an organism that has two different alleles for a particular trait
- 9. describing an organism that has two copies of the same allele for a particular trait
- 10. characteristic that is expressed in an organism's phenotype if only one copy of the gene responsible is present
- 11. the final stage of mitosis in which the chromosomes reach opposite ends of the cell, the spindle apparatus breaks down,a dn two new nuclei form
- 14. the process in which the genetic information in RNA is used to build a protein
- 15. a molecule that is one of the building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, and is also a source of energy for the body
- 17. genetic material that carries instructions for the development and function of all living organisms
- 19. the process by which cells build proteins, including transcription, and translation
- 23. the building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
- 24. the three-dimensional structure of DNA, consisting of two complementary strands of nucleotides wound around each other in a spiral shape
- 26. the process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell