Across
- 2. Biome south of the boreal forest characterized by broad leveled, deciduous trees, well defined seasons, and average yearly precipitation of 75-150 cm.
- 4. Dense covering formed by the leafy tops of tall rain forest trees.
- 6. A stable, mature community that undergoes little or no change in species over time.
- 7. Climate within a small area that differs significantly from the climate of the surrounding area.
- 9. Biome near the equator with warm temperatures, wet weather, and lush plant growth. This biome is home to more species than all other land biomes.
- 10. A biome at the northernmost limits of plant growth and at high altitudes, characterized by dwarf woody shrubs, grasses, mosses, lichens, and permafrost.
- 12. A layer of shorter plants that grow in the shade of a forest canopy.
- 15. Rich, dark organic material formed by decay of vegetable matter, essential to soil's fertility.
- 19. Biome where rainy seasons alternate with dry seasons. In this biome, a period of rain is followed by a prolonged period of drought.
- 20. Mild, moist air from the Pacific Ocean provides abundant rainfall to this biome. The forest is made up of a variety of conifers, ranging from giant redwoods, spruce, fir, and hemlock.
- 23. The gradual process of change in an ecosystem brought about by the progressive replacement of one community by another, in response to natural and human disturbances, until a stable climax is established.
- 24. Areas covered with thick ice year round.
- 26. An ecological succession that begins in an area where no biotic community previously existed, that is, no soil was initially present.
- 27. Any necessity of life, such as water, nutrients, light, food, or space.
Down
- 1. A group of ecosystems with similar climates and organisms.
- 3. The biome is characterized by a semiarid climate and a mix of shrub communities and open woodlands.
- 5. Subsoil that is permanently frozen.
- 8. Biome characterized by grasses and scattered isolated trees.
- 11. The series of changes that occur in an area where the ecosystem has been disturbed, but where soil and organisms still exist.
- 13. Dense forest of evergreens located in the upper regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
- 14. An interaction in which one organism kills another for food.
- 16. A relationship between two species in which one species, the parasite, benefits from the other species, the host, which is harmed.
- 17. Term used to refer to trees that produce seed-bearing cones and have thin leaves shaped like needles.
- 18. A dry region that on average receives less than 25 centimeters of precipitation per year.
- 19. Biome characterized by deep, nutrient-rich soil that supports many grass species.
- 21. Biome in which the winters are cold but summers are long enough and mild enough to allow the ground to thaw.
- 22. First species to populate an area during primary succession, examples include lichen.
- 25. The type of tree that sheds its leaves during a particular season each year.