Across
- 3. condition of having a stable allele frequency, usual only in large populations
- 4. type of mutation that deletes or adds a nucleotide base to a DNA sequence, causing a shift in the reading of the sequence during transcription
- 10. substance that increases the risk of cancer
- 12. unrestrained growth of abnormal cells with the potential to spread to other parts of the body
- 14. DNA molecules produced in a laboratory by combining sequences of DNA from different sources, yielding a new sequence not normally found in any genome
- 15. loss of genetic variation that results when a new population of organisms is established by a small number of individuals from a larger population
- 17. sum of all the alleles possessed by all the individuals in a population of organisms
- 19. polymerase chain reaction - laboratory process used to quickly generate many copies of a piece of DNA for medical or research purposes
- 20. genetically modified organism
- 23. repetitive nucleotide sequence that serves as a protective cap at the end of a chromosome
- 24. range of genotypic differences possible between individuals in the same gene pool
- 25. movement of alleles into and out of a population of organisms
- 26. change in allele frequency due to random events, usually within a small population
Down
- 1. small, circular piece of DNA distinct from chromosomal DNA and usually found in bacteria
- 2. failure of homologous chromosomes or chromatids to separate properly during meiosis
- 5. physical or chemical agent that can change the genetic material of an organism
- 6. technique used to identify an individual that is based on sequences in his DNA
- 7. process of determining the order of nucleotides in an organism's DNA
- 8. abnormal growth of cells
- 9. an organism containing genes that have been introduced from a different kind of organism
- 11. full set of genetic information coded in an organism's DNA
- 13. measurement of how often an allele occurs in a population of organisms
- 16. type of mutation that changes a single nucleotide base in a DNA sequence
- 17. use of genetic engineering to treat genetic disorders or diseases
- 18. condition of having three or more complete sets of chromosomes
- 21. term used to describe the situation in which the allele frequency in a population is drastically altered due to a sharp reduction in the size of the population
- 22. type of enzyme used to cut DNA into pieces at specific places in the DNA sequence